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PubMed1997

Anatomical variation in the rudimentary horns of a unicornuate uterus: implications for laparoscopic surgery.

A case of laparoscopic excision of a rudimentary horn is presented. The anatomical features of this case are contrasted with others in the published literature. A 23 year old nulligravida presented with severe dysmenorrhoea and a pelvic mass. At laparoscopy a unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn was identified. The patient had stage III endometriosis. The rudimentary horn was attached to the unicornuate uterus by a band of tissue. The blood supply was identified within this band of tissue. The rudimentary horn was removed laparoscopically with no complications. There are two anatomical variations in the attachment of the rudimentary horn to the unicornuate uterus. Knowledge of both types is important to avoid complications such as bleeding and possible compromise of myometrial wall thickness.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Anatomic variations of the arteries of the nasal fossa.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed for knowledge about the vascular supply of the nasal fossa and a description of the site of division and number of branches of the sphenopalatine artery. STUDY DESIGN: This study was performed on 10 fresh nonembalmed cadavers. Anatomic variations of nasal fossa arteries were studied. METHODS: First, 10 cephalic anatomic preparations were injected with red color latex into the right and left carotid arteries. Then, these specimens were sagittaly cut to dissect the sphenopalatine artery. Twenty vascularization cases were studied for the external branch of the sphenopalatine artery, and 10 cases were studied for the internal branch. RESULTS: The principal observations were: 1. the sphenopalatine artery division is 18 times in the infratemporal fossa and twice in the nasal fossa; 2. the nasopalatine artery supplies blood to the lower part of the septum and its anterosuperior area; and 3. the vascularization of the external wall is via the sphenopalatine artery through the arteries of the meatus and conchae. CONCLUSION: This study defines the vascular territories of the nasal fossa arteries and includes photographs of dissections.

Arteries↗
PubMed1982

Anatomical variation and quantitative histology of the normal and enlarged carotid body.

The carotid bodies from 150 consecutive cases coming to necropsy were examined to determine the degree of anatomical variation of the organ. Single, double and bilobed variants were found. The origin of the carotid body was variable, the angle of the carotid bifurcation being the most typical, but a minority were encountered on the internal or external carotid arteries, the common carotid artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery. Carotid bodies which were enlarged had no preferred site or origin, but some showed early or pronounced nodularity. Both carotid bodies from 100 of these cases were subjected to detailed qualitative and quantitative histological study. From these measurements we were able to define hyperplasia of the organ as a differential sustentacular cell count in excess of 47 per cent., a lobular diameter over 565 micrometers, and a combined carotid body weight over 30 mg. Carotid body hyperplasia occurred in cases of myocardial hypertrophy secondary to both hypoxaemia and systemic hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Anatomical variations of the intracavernous branches of the internal carotid artery with reference to the relationship of the internal carotid artery and sixth cranial nerve. A microsurgical study.

Thirty cavernous sinuses were dissected and examined using microsurgical methods under a magnification of X10 and X16. The anatomical variations of the intracavernous branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the anatomical relationship of the sixth nerve with the ICA are described and discussed in relation to the findings from other microsurgical works.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1986

Effect of anatomic variations on deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity.

Three hundred thirty-seven lower extremities of 256 patients, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, underwent ascending positive contrast venography. Certain anatomic variations were noted to be related to the location and development of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The thrombus was located entirely in the calf in 44% of asymptomatic limbs and 17% of symptomatic ones (p less than 0.001). There were multiple superficial femoral veins (SFVs) in 31% of the limbs examined, and 40% of those limbs had DVT. This percentage (40%) represented a statistically higher incidence of DVT (p less than 0.001) than those limbs with a single SFV, where the incidence was only 19%. When limbs with multiple SFVs had DVT, only 41% were symptomatic, whereas in those with a single SFV, 72% of the limbs were symptomatic (p less than 0.001). This difference may be the result of internal collaterals due to multiple SFVs. When there were more than five valves in the deep veins between the popliteal fossa and the ischial spine, there was a higher incidence of DVT (35%) as compared to the incidence when there were five or fewer valves (13%) (p less than 0.001).

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differential diagnosis of pathological and anatomical variations of growth of the skull bones].

In radiologically demonstrated diseases of the skull bones, differential diagnosis has to be made with such anatomical developmental variations as pacchionian depressions, venous lacunae, emissaria, and macrocellular structure of the parietal tuber. Anatomical developmental variations were mistaken for other pathological processes in 47 (33.1%) of 130 patients. The principal features distinguishing anatomical developmental variations from defects of other genesis are communication with the venous network, typical localization, a great number of foci of diminished density as a rule, homogeneity of structures, regular shape and clearly demonstrated boundaries of the defects, and total absence of any clinical manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Anatomical variations of the extensor pollicis brevis tendon and abductor pollicis longus tendon--relation to tenosynovectomy.

Sufficient improvement in De Quervain disease, is not always archieved even by tenosynovectomy, and the reason for this appears to be anatomical variation in the first extensor compartment of the hand. In this study we examined the first extensor compartment of 159 hands of 80 human cadavers. Hiranuma and colleagues documented four anatomical types of first compartment, and in this study type A was observed in 76 (47.8%) of the 159 hands, type B in 49 (30.8%), and type C in 21 (13.2%). No type D compartments in which the extensor pollicis brevis tendon is absent, were observed. There were 13 hands that did not fit any of Hiranuma's categories, and we classified them into three new types: E, F, and G. The numbers of extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the first compartment varied from one to three, and the number of abductor pollicis longus tendons varied from one to seven. Successful tenosynovectomy in the treatment of De Quervain disease requires to pay close attention to accessory tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis tendon and abductor pollicis longus tendon, branching of the tendons, and the presence of an atypical septum in the first compartment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Extensor pollicis and indicis communis tendon: a rare anatomic variation revisited.

This case report describes the finding of a rare supernumerary extensor tendon supplying both the index finger and thumb; previous descriptions have been reported only in cadaver dissections. Such anatomic variations are important to maintain proper surgical orientation. These extra tendons may also prove to be of value in tendon transfer procedures.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Anatomical variations of the scalene triangle: dissection of 10 cadavers.

STUDY DESIGN: Cadaver dissection to study the anatomy of the scaleni muscles and surrounding structures. OBJECTIVES: To analyze in depth the anatomy of the scaleni muscles and surrounding structures, and to further document anatomical variations which have been reported in the literature. BACKGROUND: The literature reported variations in the attachments of the scaleni muscles, as well as the presence of a scalenus minimus muscle. The importance of these muscles in the respiratory and musculoskeletal systems led us to study these muscles with dissection. METHODS AND MEASURES: We performed anatomical dissection on 10 cadavers. The findings from the cadavers were analyzed and reported. RESULTS: The attachments of the 3 primary scaleni muscles (anterior, medius, and posterior) were variable. The actual width of the scaleni muscles (anterior, medius, and posterior) at the C6 tubercle and at the first rib also varied. A scalenus minimus was present in one cadaver and presumably present in 2 others. The scalenus anterior muscle arose in 20% of the specimens from C3 to C6, in 30% of the specimens from C3 to C7, in 20% of the specimens from C4 to C5, and in 30% of the specimens from C4 to C6. The scalenus anterior muscle arose from C3 in 50% of the dissections. An attachment to C7 was observed in 30% of the cadavers. The widths of the scalenus anterior muscles at their insertion were between 8 and 17 mm. The scalenus medius muscle arose in 40% of the specimens from C2 to C6. In 60% of the cadavers, the scalenus medius muscle had an attachment to C7. Fifty percent of the scalenus medius muscles arose from C2 and 50% also had an origin from C1. The widths of the scalenus medius muscles at their insertion were between 10 and 20 mm with a mean of 15.5 mm. Fifty percent of the scalenus posterior muscles arose from C4 to C6 and 50% arose from C5 to C6. CONCLUSIONS: Variations were found in the attachments and the size of the scaleni muscles. These variations may effect the size of the scalene triangle, and thus, may potentially result in varied signs and symptoms in patients who have cervical, thoracic, and rib dysfunctions. Clinical implications were postulated.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2004

The anatomical variations of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve in Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: In a detailed analysis of the palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve (PCN) in the Chinese adults, we tried to evaluate its anatomic variation and clinical significance. METHODS: Observations were described in all the 60 specimens of the PCN at the wrist. RESULTS: The PCN was present in all 60 specimens and in most cases (88.3%) it originated from the radial side of the median nerve and the average length from the palmaris longus was 1.4 cm; ulnarward (11.7%); only 5 cases (4.1%) were located at ulnar side and extended beyond the palmaris longus, the average distance being 0.3 cm. Its mean point of origin was 3.2 cm proximal to the distal wrist crease and the variations of the PCN in Lanz classification were: group 0 (31.7%), group 1 (40%), group 2 (15%), group 3 (0%) and group 4 (13.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal incision located 1 cm on the ulnar side from palmaris longus could avoid injury to the PCN during decompression for carpal tunnel syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A rare anatomic variation of the anomalous origin of all three major coronary arteries from the right sinus of Valsalva.

We describe the case of a patient with angiographic evidence in the right sinus of Valsalva of anomalous origin of LCx and common origin of LAD and RCA. This anomaly, which has not been reported previously, represents a further anatomic variation of the rare anomalous origins of all coronary arteries from right sinus of Valsalva. The symptoms in our patients were related exclusively to the atherosclerotic lesions in LCx and RCA and not to the anatomic anomalies. The patient underwent a bypass graft to LCx and RCA.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Anatomical variations in the cephalic and omobrachial veins in the dog.

In the dog, the blood from the antebrachial part of the cephalic vein is typically drained by three vessels: the axillobrachial, the omobrachial and the proximal segment of the cephalic vein. In this work, two anatomical variations affecting the omobrachial and the proximal part of the cephalic vein in dogs are reported. The bilateral absence of the omobrachial vein was observed in two adult mongrel dogs and the lack of the proximal segment of the cephalic vein in one dog. These differences suggest that a certain degree of variation is normal in the layout of the superficial veins of the thoracic limb in the dog and implies that the blood egress from the cephalic vein in the dog, as in other species, is sometimes accomplished by only two veins.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Relationship between anatomic variations of nasal sinus and chronic sinusitis].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the etiology of chronic sinusitis. METHODS: Ninety-one coronal CT scans of chronic sinusitis were analysed with mutimedia software developed by the authors. Sinus CT images were scanned into multimedia computer and the subtle anatomic structures such as pneumatization of the middle turbinate, agger nasi cell, Haller's cell, septal deformity, maxillary sinus hypoplasia, abnormality of uncinate process and ethmoid bulla and so on were measured. The results were analysed by the statistical software SPSS. RESULTS: The penumatization rate of total or inferior part of middle turbinate correlated positively to the inflammation of anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Compared with patients with normal frontal sinuses, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of patients with frontal sinusitis were larger(11.70 +/- 5.50 mm and 8.54 +/- 3.67 mm respectively, P < 0.01). Compared with patients with normal maxillary sinuses, the Haller's cells of patients with maxillary sinusitis were larger (77.8% and 33.3%, P < 0.05) and the amount of inflammatory Haller's cells of the latter was more abundant than that of the former(91.6 +/- 17.8 mm2 and 41.6 +/- 12.6 mm2, respectively, P < 0.05). The deviation of uncinate process was one of the factors of maxillary sinusitis. The sizes of ethmoid bullae increased with the soft tissue thickening in anterior ethmoid sinus, the large ethmoid bulla may cause anterior ethmoid sinusitis. CONCLUSION: Some anatomic variations may play a role in chronic sinusitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and paranasal sinuses: A CT study for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in Thai patients.

Computerized tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses is usually required prior to endoscopic sinus surgery. CT demonstrates both the extent of disease(s) and the anatomical variations that may predispose to rhinosinusitis and nearby vital structures that iatrogenic damage can be avoided. The authors retrospectively reviewed 88 CT scans of paranasal sinuses and orbits, performed at Srinagarind Hospital between January 1995 and February 1997. Only adult patients were included. The study showed the presence of frontal sinuses in 88% of cases (95%CI 82.3-92.5%), agger nasi cells in 92% (95%CI 87-95.6%), concha bullosa in 34% (95%CI27.1-41.6%), Haller's cell in 24% (95%CI 17.8-30.9%), Onodi cell in 25% (95%CI 19.8-32.1%), dehiscence of the internal carotid artery in 10.2% (95%CI 6.2-15.7%) and the optic canal in the sphenoid sinus in 18.2% (95%CI 12.8-24.7%). The most common olfactory fossa was type II. Haller's cell was a coincident finding not a risk factor for maxillary rhinosinusitis. Concha bullosa was a non-statistically significant, risk factor for maxillary rhinosinustis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Safety of mediastinoscopy in anatomical variations of the mediastinum: the situs inversus syndrome.

Mediastinoscopy has been widely used by thoracic surgeons to evaluate the superior mediastinum since 1959. Large series of mediastinoscopy have been reported with very low morbidity and no mortality. Proper attention to surgical techniques and mediastinal anatomy are essential to maintain the safety of the procedure. Situs inversus totalis is exceedingly rare, but variations in mediastinal anatomy in this group of patients can render the procedure challenging for the thoracic surgeon. A case of mediastinoscopy in a situs inversus patient is presented with emphasis on anatomical variations of the mediastinum and technical pitfalls of the procedure in this rare group.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Chromosome 18 aneuploidy: anatomical variations observed in cases of full and mosaic trisomy 18 and a case of deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18.

Cases of full and mosaic trisomy 18 and a body of an infant with the 18p-syndrome were dissected in detail to compare the anatomical variations associated with these 3 chromosome imbalances involving autosome 18. The types and numbers of morphologic variations present in both the full and mosaic trisomy 18 bodies were similar to the types and numbers of variations seen in all other cases of full trisomy 18 that have been studied by gross dissection. Apart from an atrial septal defect, the body of the infant with the 18p- imbalance showed only 2 striking defects: 1) deficiencies of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle of the upper eyelid, and 2) absence of the ligament of the head of the femur. The first variation provides a morphologic basis to explain the ptosis which is observed frequently in affected individuals. Absence of the ligament of the head of the femur may be a factor contributing to congenital dislocation of the hip, which is reported occasionally in affected individuals. In addition to providing more detailed information about the phenotype of individual aneuploidy syndromes, studies of cases of different imbalances of single autosomes may provide additional insights about the genotype/phenotype relationships of specific chromosome segments.

Brachial Plexus↗