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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The isolation of specific genes from the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune.

We have developed a routine way to isolate genes directly from the basidiomycete fungus, Schizophyllum commune. Plasmid DNA from a genomic gene library was used to isolate five specific genes by complementation of Schizophyllum mutations via transformation. The mutant strains were deficient in the ability to synthesize either adenine (ade2 and ade5), uracil (ura1, encoding orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase; OMPdecase), tryptophan (trp1, encoding indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthetase; IGPS) or para aminobenzoic acid (pab1). In each case, Southern analysis revealed that transformation to prototrophy was concomitant with the integration of vector sequence into the genome of the S. commune mutant. Total DNA from transformants was restricted, religated, and used to transform E. coli. Ampicillin resistant plasmids were recovered from E. coli and tested for their ability to transform the corresponding mutant of S. commune. Plasmids complementing the ade2, ade5, pab1, trp1, and ura1 mutations were recovered.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1977

Cell wall metabolism during fruiting of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune.

During the development of fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, the alkali-insoluble (R glucan) and alkali-soluble (S glucan) cell wall fractions are synthesized during the entire course of morphogenesis. The water soluble glucan (WSG) is not synthesized after an early stage. There is also a relative increase in the proportion of S glucan during development with appears related to a change in the proportion of the components synthesized. Data are also presented to show that several fruiting mutants also have specific cell wall differences, and that there is a significant contribution to cell wall structure by genes which do not cause a macroscopically observable change in phenotype.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1991

Sympodiomycopsis: a new yeast-like anamorph genus with basidiomycetous nature from orchid nectar.

A description is provided for a new anamorph genus Sympodiomycopsis (Hyphomycetes), which is neither ballistosporogenous nor sterigmatosporogenous. The genus is typified by S. paphiopedili sp. nov. and accommodates one species which was isolated from nectar of Paphiopedilum primurinum in Japan. Phenotypically, the genus shows some similarity to Sympodiomyces because of the presence of a yeast morph with sympodial conidiogenous cell proliferation, but it is distinguished from that genus morphologically by a yeast morph with the enteroblastic-annellidic conidiogenesis and the conspicuous development of a hyphal morph with holoblastic-sympodial conidiogenous cells, and chemotaxonomically by the ubiquinone system Q-10 and 10% difference in the guanine plus cytosine (G + C) content of the nuclear DNA. Phylogenetically, the type of cell wall and septal pore ultrastructure, and the primary biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters of S. paphiopedili indicate a basidiomycetous affinity.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1982

Sterigmatosporidium gen. n., a new heterothallic basidiomycetous yeast, the perfect state of a new species of Sterigmatomyces fell.

Sterigmatosporidium gen. n. is described as a new basidiomycetous yeast-like fungus with the single species Sterigmatosporidium polymorphum sp. n. for which a Latin diagnosis and a preliminary life cycle are presented. The mean character distinguishing the new genus from the imperfect genus Sterigmatomyces is the development of a dikaryotic mycelium with clamp connections producing sexual spores in ramified whorls and lateral chlamydospores as well as blastospores. The dikaryotic phase could be induced by crossing compatible haploid clones of the heterothallic fungus, which are similar to Sterigmatomyces but not identical with any known species.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1992

The application of whole-cell protein electrophoresis for the classification and identification of basidiomycetous yeast species.

The relationships among 65 basidiomycetous yeast strains were determined by one-dimensional electrophoresis of SDS-solubilized whole-cell proteins. Protein profiles were compared by the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r). The strains investigated represented species from the genera Cystofilobasidium, Filobasidium, Filobasidiella, Kondoa, Leucosporidium, Mrakia and Rhodosporidium. Except for the genus Mrakia, all species constituted separate protein electrophoretic clusters. The species of the genus Mrakia (M. frigida, M. gelida, M. nivalis and M. stokesii) show highly similar protein patterns, suggesting that these four species may be synonymous. Strains of two varieties of Filobasidiella neoformans, F. neoformans var. neoformans and F. neoformans var. bacillispora, could not be differentiated by protein electrophoresis. For the delineation of the protein electrophoretic clusters of the yeasts studied, literature data relying on other criteria, such as DNA base composition, carbon source utilization patterns, enzymatic protein electrophoregrams, ubiquinone systems, DNA-DNA homology and rRNA sequence data were used. It was demonstrated that a database of SDS-protein patterns provides a valuable tool for the identification of yeasts.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1994

Basidiomycetous ras cDNA functionally replaces its homolog genes in yeast.

It was shown by a plasmid exchange procedure that the Ras-encoding cDNA of the basidiomycete Lentinus edodes (named Leras cDNA) can functionally replace its homolog genes (ScRAS1 and ScRAS2) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to maintain the viability of an yeast strain containing genetic disruptions of both RAS genes. The strain replaced by a Leras-cDNA-carrying plasmid, however, grew slower than the strains replaced by a ScRAS1- or a ScRAS2-carrying plasmid. The intracellular level of cAMP in the strain harboring the Leras-cDNA-carrying plasmid was clearly higher than that of a parental strain which maintains a plasmid carrying the S. cerevisiae cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit C1 gene, TPK1, but was lower than that in a strain harboring an ScRAS2-carrying plasmid. These results suggest that the Leras cDNA can complement the ras1- ras2- mutation of yeast by virture of the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity, although the complementation is not as efficient as that obtained by expressing the ScRAS2 gene.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1990

Screening of basidiomycetes for lignin peroxidase genes using a DNA probe.

Basidiomycetes were screened for lignin peroxidase (LPO) genes using a DNA probe prepared from the LPO restriction fragment of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Southern blot analysis showed restriction fragments of chromosomal DNA of Bjerkandera adusta and Coriolus consors hybridized with the probe. Bjerkandera adusta produced LPO in a glucose-peptone medium. Ion-exchange chromatography showed that this fungus produced multiple molecular forms of LPO. One of the enzymes, LPO-2, was purified and characterized. The molecular weight of LPO-2 was 41,000 with a pI of 4.2. Spectral analysis demonstrated that LPO-2 is a haem protein. The enzyme cleaved lignin model dimers mainly at the C alpha-C beta position of the side chain. The LPO-2 exhibited close similarity to LPOs of P. chrysosporium with respect to their basic properties.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1989

Specificity towards oligomannoside and hybrid type glycans of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase B from the basidiomycete Sporotrichum dimorphosporum.

We have previously shown that an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.96) named "Endo B", isolated from culture filtrates of the basidiomycete Sporotrichum dimorphosporum cleaves asialo-, and to some extent, monosialylated bi-antennary glycans of the N-acetyllactosamine type linked to the asparagine residue of peptide or protein moieties [Bouquelet S, Strecker G, Montreuil J, Spik G (1980) Biochimie 62:43-49]. In the present paper, the substrate specificity of the enzyme towards oligomannoside and hybrid type glycans has been analyzed. The results obtained indicate that ovalbumin glycopeptides containing four to seven mannose residues and bovine lactotransferrin glycopeptides containing four to nine mannose residues were completely hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The degree of cleavage was variable among hybrid type structures, since glycopeptides containing the following glycans: (Gal)1(GlcNAc)3(Man)5(GlcNAc)2; (GlcNAc)3(Man)5(GlcNAc)2;(GlcNAc)3(Man)4(GlcNAc)2 were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme while the percentage of hydrolysis of a glycopeptide containing (GlcNAc)2(Man)5(GlcNAc)2 glycan reached 90%. The bovine lactotransferrin was partially deglycosylated (40%) in the absence of non-ionic detergent while native ovalbumin glycoprotein was not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The oligomannoside- and the N-acetyllactosamine-type degrading activities present in the culture filtrates were not separated at any step of the purification procedure. Both activities were eluted as a single component with an apparent molecular mass of 89 kDa suggesting that they are located on the same enzyme molecule. Endo B represents a powerful tool for removing oligomannoside- and N-acetyllactosamine-type glycans from N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins. Moreover, advantages in the use of Endo B in a soluble form as well as in an immobilized form result in its high activity and in its stability to heat denaturation and storage.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1977

Determination of the absolute configuration at C-20 and C-24 of ergosterol in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Samples of ergosterol isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, and Agaricus sp., and commercial ergosterol all displayed identical proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectra at 220 MHz. From the effects produced on the doublet for C-21 by epimerization at C-20 and C-24 in sterols of known configuration, the absolute configurations at these positions in ergosterol were determined. The data demonstrate that ergosterol from both Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes is the same and that at C-20 and C-24, the two H-atoms are on the alpha-side of the asymmetric carbon atoms and that C-22 is trans-oriented with respect to C-13 about the 17(20)-bond.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1994

Degradation of wood by the basidiomycete Coriolopsis occidentalis.

Chemical and microscopic features of wood decay by the basidiomycete Coriolopsis occidentalis are described. The fungus was grown on blocks of poplar, oak, and fir wood and caused significant mass, lignin, and saccharide losses in all kinds of wood. Poplar wood was particularly strongly affected. Twelve weeks after inoculation dry mass, lignin, and saccharide contents were reduced by about 50%. The blocks became covered with mycelia and electron microscopy showed that secondary cell walls were degraded from the lumina and middle lamellae dissolved during later stages of incubation. The results indicate that the fungus belongs to simultaneous white-rotters.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1996

The effect of white-rot basidiomycetes on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw.

Five white-rot basidiomycetes were evaluated for their potential to improve ruminal degradation of wheat straw. Polyorus brumalis, Lyophyllum ulmarium III, Trametes gibbosa, Pleurotus ostreatus, and a Pleurotus ostreatus mutant were incubated on wheat straw for 30 d at 28 degrees C. Detergent fiber, crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined. The results showed increasing crude protein and ash contents in fungus-treated straw. IVDMD values were increased in straws treated with P. ostreatus, P. ostreatus mutant and T. gibbosa only. Relative to untreated wheat straw the detergent fiber content-neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was reduced in fungus-treated straw and out of three fractions-hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, hemicellulose showed the largest proportionate loss whereas lignin the smallest one in all 5 samples of fungus treated straw.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

Glucose-2-oxidase activity and accumulation of D-arabino-2-hexosulose in cultures of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida.

Submerged cultures of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida, strain III, accumulate D-arabino-2-hexosulose. The maximum yields during cultivations in shaker flasks or in a laboratory fermentor are 6--12 and 15 mg/ml, respectively (20--50% conversion of substrate glucose). The accumulation is transient, the aldoketose being again utilized after glucose exhaustion. Its production is stimulated by fluoride ions. The enzyme responsible for the C(2)-specific oxidation of D-glucose acts as an intracellular oxidase with a maximum activity in the exponential phase of growth. D-arabino-2-Hexosulose was also detected in the cultivation medium of the wood-rotting fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Phellinus abietis.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1975

Lipids in fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida.

Dried fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida contain 29.1% total lipids. Their qualitative analysis revealed the presence of mono-, di-, triglycerides, sterols, free fatty acids and sterolesters. Quantitatively most significant were triglycerides (37.9%) and free fatty acids (29.7%). The phospholipid fraction contained phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid. Gas chromatography showed the presence of a broad spectrum of fatty acids. The ratio between the neutral and polar fractions was 6 : 1, both having linoleic acid as the main component.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Studies on xylanase from Basidiomycetes. Selection of strains for the production of xylanase.

Formation of extracellular xylanase was studied in 10 strains of wood-destroying fungi belonging to Basidiomycetes during their submerged cultivation with willow sawdust. The highest enzyme activity was found in the fungus Trametes hirsuta (Wulf.) Pilát. The effect of sources of carbon and nitrogen, cultivation time and initial pH of the cultivation solution on the formation of xylanase by the fungus Trametes hirsuta was investigated. The highest production of the enzyme was reached during cultivation in the presence of willow sawdust, asparagine and at the initial pH of 5.0. The presence of xylanase, cellulase, mannanase and amylase as well as of beta-xylosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-mannosidase and beta-galactosidase was demonstrated in the enzyme preparation obtained after a 10-day submerged cultivation of Trametes hirsuta under optimal conditions.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1982

Effect of tryptophan on the production of mucidin in cultures of basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida.

Addition of L-tryptophan to cultures of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida brought about a pronounced increase of production of the antibiotic mucidin. The highest increase was reached in the presence of 0.15-0.20% tryptophan and after its addition to a l-d culture. The methyl ester of tryptophan exhibited the same effect. Mycelium growing during the initial phases in the presence of tryptophan synthesized mucidin powerfully during later phases of the fermentation.

Alkenes↗
PubMed1977

Antifungal antibiotic of the Basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida. III. Nuclei in the hyphae of mono- and dikaryons.

Nuclear ratios were studied in terminal and subterminal cells of various mycelia of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida, the producer of the antifungal antibiotic mucidin (MuciderminR Spofa). The dikaryon, the monokaryon, and the mucidin-producing strain that had been cultivated for a long time under submerged conditions were compared. Dedikaryotization was found to have taken place in the producing strain. The originally dikaryotic culture with characteristic clamp connections on the mycelium and with two nuclei in every hyphal cell lost permanently the clamp connections, probably owing to continuous intense agitation. The hyphae contained solely mononuclear cells. Mating with a compatible monokaryon yielded a dikaryon capable of normal fructification.

Antifungal Agents↗