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PubMed1992

Effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on renal function and body height in pediatric patients.

Although extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the preferred modality for treatment of most renal and upper ureteral calculi in adults, little is known about its effect on the pediatric population. We carefully followed 12 children 2.2 to 15.3 years old (mean age 9.4) treated with the Dornier HM3 lithotriptor. Effective renal plasma flow was obtained by quantitative 131iodine hippurate scan immediately preceding ESWL and at followup (range 74 to 238 weeks, mean 149). The treated kidney received an average of 1,702 shocks (range 1,000 to 2,200). Mean effective renal plasma flow increased in the treated kidney from 185 cc per minute before ESWL to 217 at followup (p = 0.016) and in the untreated kidney from 191 to 224 (p = 0.0013). Total effective renal plasma flow increased from 376 cc per minute before ESWL to 440 at followup (p = 0.0019). In the treated kidney mean and total effective renal plasma flow increased by 31 (expected 32) and 64 (expected 68) cc per minute, respectively, while in the nontreated kidney mean effective renal plasma flow increased by 33 (expected 36) cc per minute. None of the observed changes in effective renal plasma flow was significantly different from the expected changes using the paired t test at the 95% level. In addition, change in body height was evaluated using standard deviation scores. Mean body height (standard deviation) before ESWL was -0.39 (range -3.2 to 2.0) and at last followup it was -0.26 (range -2.6 to 2.4), which is not statistically significant (p = 0.37). Although these patients continue to be followed and caution is advised, this long-term study indicates that ESWL within the range of shocks delivered to this cohort does not statistically affect linear growth (body height) or renal function in the pediatric population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Body height and hip fracture: a cohort study of 90,000 women.

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures are a major public health problem. Recent studies have noted a connection between body height and hip fracture. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between body height and hip fracture using a prospective cohort of over 92,000 American, predominantly white, female nurses who were followed for 10 years, from June 1980 to June 1990. The women, participants in the Nurses Health Study, were aged 35-59 in 1980. RESULTS: Women 5'8" or taller were more than twice as likely as women under 5'2" to sustain a hip fracture, after accounting for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption (multivariate relative risk 2.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.43-4.02; P for trend < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Height appears to be an important independent risk factor for hip fracture among American women. Height should be included as a confounder in studies of hip fracture, and taller, elderly women should be advised to consider preventive measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Growth in body height by children between 4 and 12 years of age--results of the Jena longitudinal study].

In the autumn of 1985 an anthropological longitudinal investigation on 104 female and 98 male children at the age of 4 and 4.5 years was started in Jena. The present paper gives a short survey on this longitudinal study. Standards for body height (mean and standard deviation) of the 4-12 years old boys and girls, measured in this study, are presented and percentile curves are constructed. For the individual development of the body height increments are calculated. Comparison of the height standards with those of national and of European studies reveal only minor differences. In the higher age classes the Jena probands show the greatest values of body height. The presented percentile curves should be used by paediatricians, especially.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1990

Body height and risk of breast cancer. A prospective study of 23,831 Norwegian women.

The association between body height and the incidence rate of breast cancer has been examined in 236 cases of breast cancer that occurred among 23,831 Norwegian women during 11-14 years of follow-up. At the time of height measurement they were 35-51 years of age. The age-adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of breast cancer was 2.03 (95% of confidence limits 1.36 and 3.01) for women taller than or equal to 167 cm (mean = 170 cm) compared to women who were less than 159 cm (mean = 155 cm). The positive association with height was stronger among women who were diagnosed before the age of 51 (IRR = 2.63; 95% confidence limits 1.48 and 4.68), than among women diagnosed after this age. Moreover, the association appeared to be confined to women who had lived through their peripubertal growth during a period (1940-45) of nationally increased nutritional variability with reduction in dietary fat and restricted caloric intake. Among women born between 1929 and 1936, the relation with height displayed a strong positive linear trend (chi 2 trend = 13.4, P less than 0.001), which was not present among women born between 1925 and 1928 (chi 2 trend = 0.7, P = 0.40), nor among women born in 1937 or later (chi 2 trend = 1.5, P = 0.20). We hypothesise that a time-dependent diversity in nourishment, which may be of particular importance for women in their peri-menarcheal development, may explain the different association between body height and breast cancer risk that was observed for women in different birth cohorts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Changes in body height among selected ethnic groups.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the effects of genetic factors and environmental influences on adolescence body height. DESIGN: The study was a retrospective survey of mean standing height collected from computerised medical draft records of 17-18 year old adolescents, born between 1950 and 1971. SETTING: All the studied population is resident of the state of Israel. PARTICIPANTS: About half a million records of recruits were examined. The sex distribution was: 61% male, 39% female. Ethnic distribution of the studied population was according to the countries of origin: Poland 7.8%, Romania 22.0%, Yemen 11.4%, Iraq 17.5%, Morocco 27.4%, and Israel 7.8%. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Marked differences in standing height measures were found between the ethnic groups compared to the Israeli reference group. A linear increase of 1.1 mm/year for reference males and 0.8 mm/year for the female population was found over the 22 years of study period. Ethnic groups with lower mean height were found to have a significantly greater increase in height during the period studied. CONCLUSIONS: Israel as an immigration country may serve as a model for the study of environmental and genetic factors. Under conditions found in Israel, body height continues to increase with year of birth, while significant differences in height between ethnic groups has diminished.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Pain outcome and vertebral body height restoration in patients undergoing kyphoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Kyphoplasty, a minimally invasive technique, has recently been developed to provide immediate pain relief, biomechanical stabilization, prevention of fracture progression, vertebral height restoration, and prevention or reversal of kyphosis to patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 24 patients treated with kyphoplasty. A total of 37 vertebral levels were augmented. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were documented in the immediate pre- and postoperative period, as well as 4, 12, and 72 weeks after the procedure. Vertebral body height restoration was assessed on postoperative x-rays. RESULTS: Mean preoperative VAS score was 9.3 and improved to 5.4 in the immediate postoperative period. At 4, 12 and 72 weeks post-operatively, mean VAS scores were 5.1, 5.9, and 6.1 respectively. All patients returned to their daily activities within 24 hours. No significant restoration of vertebral body height was observed. CONCLUSION: In regards to pain relief and postoperative functional outcome, kyphoplasty is a safe and effective treatment modality for osteoporotic VCFs, even when no significant restoration of vertebral body height is achieved.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Body height is associated with decreased long-term stroke but not coronary heart disease mortality?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is disagreement whether shorter persons suffer increased rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke. Potential mechanisms for such associations are not well understood. We used findings from a cohort study, in which 10 000 Israeli men were followed up, to examine the associations between stature and fatal CHD as well as fatal stroke. METHODS: The cohort was composed of 10 059 men aged > or = 40 years who were tenured civil servants or municipal employees. They were followed up for mortality over 23 years (1963 to 1986), for a total of 203 452 person-years of follow-up. We divided men by their height, as measured in the baseline (1963) examinations, into quartiles (< or = 162 cm, 163 to 167 cm, 168 to 171 cm, and > or = 172 cm). RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 1098 men died of CHD, and 364 men died of stroke. Height and weight had been measured for 10 034 men, including all but 1 of the deceased. In contrast to the finding of little variation of CHD death rates between different quartiles of body height, a clear significant pattern of declining stroke mortality (slightly reduced by age adjustment) was observed with increasing body height, with rates of 46, 36, 33, and 29 per 1000 men with increasing height quartiles, respectively (P=0.002 for linear trend). The estimated age-adjusted hazard risk of stroke mortality associated with a 5-cm decrement in height was 1.13 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.22). The respective risk associated with being at the shortest quartile versus the tallest one was 1.54 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.10). Adjustment for socioeconomic status, a predictor of stroke in this cohort, for antihypertensive therapy and for established predictors of stroke (blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes) did not alter these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Height, a potential strong indicator of nutritional status, may be inversely associated with the long-term incidence of fatal stroke in a way that remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

No correlation of growth hormone receptor gene mutation P561T with body height.

Analysis of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in GH insensitivity syndrome revealed various mutations, mainly in the gene encoding the extracellular domain of GHR. On the other hand, the mutation of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic domain of GHR was not found. We have reported, in the cytoplasmic domain of a GHR gene, mutation P561T in a patient with Noonan syndrome who showed a blunted insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) response to an acute injection of GH. However, her mother possessing the same mutation had no growth failure. To clarify the significance of the GHR gene mutation P561T, 96 volunteers (41 males aged 21-80 years; 55 females, aged 20-80 years, were tested for the presence of this mutation. By the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, three of the 41 males and 11 of the 55 females examined revealed heterozygous missense mutation P561T. The body height (cm) was 168 +/- 5.3 (mean +/- SD) in three males with the mutation and 164.1 +/- 5.8 in 38 males without the mutation. The difference between them was not statistically significant. The body height in 11 females with the mutation was 152.6 +/- 5.4, which did not differ significantly from 151.3 +/- 6.2 in 44 females without the mutation. These findings suggest that the heterozygous missense mutation P561T in the cytoplasmic domain of GHR does not play a significant role in determining the final body height.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Preliminary studies of an interdisciplinary inquiry of the body height proportions of Germans in the 19th century and of the influence of living conditions. II. Original preliminary studies for Baden, Alsace-Lorraine, Bavaria, the whole German Reich, summarizing evaluation, historical nutritional references, literature].

In Part I of this examinations, preliminary original researches about the constitutional situations in Germany from the North to the kingdom Württemberg has been presented. In this part II, such preliminary researches follow for the other southern part of the German settlement. With references to Baden, Alsace-Lorraine, and Bavaria first since the second part of the 19th century, comprehensive anthropological data exist, but these contain valuable and differentiated data material. A first analysis for this German data material does not reveal regular relation-ships between body-height, urban and rural life, and geographical altitude. But there are relation-ships between wealthy and poor social classes and between educated and heavily working people, and there exists a negative trend in the body-height-means from the North and South to the middle of the German settlement with minima in Saxony and in several regions in Southern Germany. As spread for the different means about 160 to more than 170 cm is to estimate. The spread seems to be broader in the second half of the 19th century, presumably because the better life-conditions does not hold for all Germans in the same manner. About of the beginning of the 20th century, the body-height-means show an increase with may by interpreted as an kind of rehabilitation after times of emergency in the early industrialization and of difficulties in food supply.

Altitude↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of body height and mandibular length between Caucasian and Japanese children.

This study compared pubertal growth of Japanese males and females with that of Caucasian children matched by age and gender. Total body height and mandibular length were compared between the two groups. Total body height showed that Caucasian males were taller than Japanese males from the ages of 10 to 15 years (p< 0.01-0.05). The annual maximum growth of Caucasian females peaked at the age of twelve, but Japanese females had a "spurtless" growth pattern, peaking one year earlier than Caucasian females. Total mandibular length, calculated at the age of 10, was about 3 mm greater in Japanese males and 5 mm greater in Japanese females than in Caucasians. At the age 15, the mandibles of Japanese males and females were about 7 mm and 9 mm longer than those of Caucasians, respectively. Adolescent mandibular growth spurt occurred, on the average, at the age of 13 in both Caucasian and Japanese males. Both female groups showed mandibular growth peaks at the age of 12.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Influence of sex on arterial hemodynamics and blood pressure. Role of body height.

Systolic pressure is lower in premenopausal women than in age-matched men, but underlying alterations are not well characterized. Aging and body size alter arterial function, influencing pressure wave propagation and amplification in peripheral and central arteries. To assess the possibility that systolic pressure differences in women are related to smaller body size, we studied arterial function in 119 men and 104 women. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women were compared with age-matched men. The following parameters were measured: ankle-arm pressure index (Doppler), aortic and arterial distensibility (pulse wave velocity), systolic pressure and the effect and time delay of arterial wave reflections in the common carotid artery (applanation tonometry), and diameters of the abdominal aorta and aortic bifurcation and their ratio (aortic tapering, echography). Premenopausal women had lower brachial (P < .05) and ankle (P < .01) systolic pressures than age-matched men, whereas the ankle-arm pressure index was higher in men (P < .01). In the overall population the ankle-arm index was positively correlated with body height (P < .001). Carotid systolic pressure was similar in women and men, with an increased effect and earlier return of wave reflections in women (P < .01). The effect of wave reflections was inversely correlated with body height (P < .001) and positively associated with aortic tapering (P < .001), which was increased in women (P < .01). In premenopausal women the distensibility of brachial and femoral arteries was higher than in age-matched men (P < .01), whereas aortic distensibility was not different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Measuring vertebral body height in monitoring osteoporosis].

Measurements of vertebral body heights are suitable for diagnosis of osteoporosis, its progress and also for evaluation of therapeutic effects. Considerable fluoride installation into the vertebral column prevents the compression fracture of the vertebral bodies.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Bone mineral density, body height, and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in middle-aged men.

BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been suggested to account for some of the genetic variation in bone mass. However, the relationship has been controversial. It has been suggested that environmental factors such as physical activity may be one of the many reasons for this controversy.AIM. We investigated the possible interactions of VDR gene polymorphisms and low to moderate intensity exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in a four-year controlled, randomized intervention trial in 140 middle-aged Finnish men. METHOD: The TaqI, FokI, and ApaI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-markers of the VDR gene were evaluated. BMDs of the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, and total proximal femur were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition, the relations of the VDR gene polymorphism with bone turnover markers (serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b activity and serum osteocalcin concentration) were evaluated. RESULTS: At the randomization, the subjects with the VDR TaqI Tt or tt genotype had a greater body height than the subjects with TT genotype (P=0.001). In addition, the association of VDR TaqI polymorphism with femoral BMD was found. The Tt or tt genotype associated with higher femoral neck values than the TT genotype (P=0.003) at randomization. After adjusting the femoral neck for body height, the association remained (P=0.021). We did not find any association between VDR gene polymorphism and bone turnover markers or any interactions of VDR gene polymorphisms and exercise on BMD. CONCLUSIONS: The TaqI polymorphism may be associated with body height and femoral neck BMD values. The present findings also suggest that the VDR polymorphisms do not modify the effect of regular aerobic exercise on BMD. However, more randomized controlled exercise trials are needed to investigate the role of exercise intensity on VDR gene polymorphisms, and the role of VDR gene polymorphisms on BMD.

Body Height↗
PubMed2001

Renal involvement is related to body height in newly diagnosed diabetic women aged 40 years or over.

We scrutinized the relation between body height and renal involvement in a large population-based sample of newly diagnosed diabetic patients aged 40 years or over. The urinary albumin concentration (UAC) was measured in freshly voided morning urine in 1,284 newly diagnosed diabetic patients. The course of insulin treatment showed that at least 97.6% of the patients could be regarded as Type 2 diabetic. Linear regression analyses were done with log UAC as dependent variable, and height, age, HbA1c, smoking habits, education, occupation, body weight and systolic blood pressure as independent variables. Median age was 65.3 years. In bivariate analyses UAC increased with decreasing height for women (R (S) =- 0.090, p =0.028), but not for men (R (S) =- 0.049, p =0.20). After backwards elimination in the regression models, height remained in the model for women only (p =0.041). Our finding of a relationship between short stature and renal involvement in Type 2 diabetic female patients adds to existing evidence from studies with non-diabetic and Type 1 diabetic subjects.

Adult↗