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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Online analysis of intracranial pressure waves.

Brain pressure waves, particularly B-waves, as they were described by Lundberg contain valuable diagnostic information about the patient's status. So far, this information cannot be used on a daily routine basis because manual analysis of the recorded ICP data is very time consuming. Furthermore, the analysis is only retrospective, after incidents of interest occurred. To overcome these drawbacks, an automated B-wave detection system has been developed. Using a direct spectral estimation method (so called ARMA approach) the most significant spectral components and their amplitudes in the ICP signal are identified. The frequency with the biggest amplitude inside the B-wave band is a reliable indicator of B-wave activity and can be displayed on-line on a bedside computer.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Neurophysiological maturation deficit in behaviour disorder of children--an electrographic study.

1. The investigations in biological factors of childrens' behaviour disorder are becoming increasingly important as their significance in clinical management is being recognized with more precision and clarity. 2. One of such electroencephalographic investigations is finding of some delay or defect in chronological maturation of brain wave pattern. Presence of "slow posterior waves" are indicative of immature brain waves and thus behaviour disorder with this finding should be interpreted in terms of delayed or defective maturity of brain wave pattern. 3. Interestingly these children present no clinical neurological sign but unfavourable home, school and social environment do precipitate the aggressive behaviour mainly by the way of loss of temper. 4. Though behaviour disorder due to maturation deficit diminishes as age increases, however presenting symptoms if not controlled at the earlier onset, the suffering to child, family members and not to forget the academic progress will be negatively affected. 5. Thus the clinical management of behaviour disorder should be immediately started by the combined regime of behaviour modification and pharmacotherapy. 6. In this paper one such combined regime of carbamazepine and behaviour modification has shown superiority over behaviour modification alone.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1990

[Menkes' kinky hair disease: report of 2 cases].

Menkes' kinky hair disease (trichopoliodystrophy) is a rare inherited X-linked recessive disease with an incidence of about 1:35,000, and is rare reported previously in Taiwan. We present 2 cases with typical features including sparse, coarse and stubby, kinky hair, depigmented skin, pudgy face, arrow-shaped upper lip, hypotonia, Babinski signs bilaterally, profound psychomotor retardation with disability of head control or rolling over, and poorly controlled myoclonic jerks. Both were male infants with a family history of male relatives died in early childhood. Their hairs showed pili torti and trichorrhexis nodosa microscopically. Serum levels of copper were 14 ug/dl and 20 ug/dl. Ceruloplasmin levels were 10.4 mg/dl and less than 7 mg/dl. Their EEG showed abnormal generalized brain polyspike waves. Brain CT scan showed generalized brain atrophy, and chronic subdural hematoma in case 1. Bilateral urinary bladder diverticula and spurs over the distal ends of the femoral diaphysis were found in case 1. Normal urinary bladder was found in case 2 initially, then diverticula developed one year later. They are currently on anticonvulsants (Rivotril) therapy. Repeated attacks of respiratory infection, myoclonic seizure, hypotonia, and static neurologic developmental status are noted.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Psychophysiological effect of odor.

Techniques to measure the activity of the taste and odor molecules at the olfactory epithelium, taste bud, and brain response levels are now being used to determine and measure the actual transduction of the chemical information to the brain waves. We studied a number of methods of measuring brain wave responses to odorants and we settled on an electroencephalographic method of measuring the slow brain waves [> 13 Hz] at the frontal location on the scalp. This technique known as contingent negative variation (CNV) measures the early component [at 400 to 1000 ms] of the beta wave variation, which can be negative, positive, or neutral depending on the odorant being presented to the subject. This component is almost independent of the subject's psychological state, degree of arousal, or level of consciousness and is known as the external component. The experimental paradigm creates a reproducible result in which odorants may be classified as stimulating, sedating, or neutral. These psychophysiological effects of odors on man appear to offer a means to determine precognitive responses directly related to the effect of the chemical messenger. There does not appear to be any bias as to sex, national origin, or race. At this point in our research efforts, we do not see evidence that there is a bias related to age. It is proposed that some of the problems of classical sensory evaluation can be helped by the use of psychophysiological recording techniques, such as CNV, as a measurement of brain activity and response to flavor and aroma.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

Variable cerebral dysfunction during tilt induced vasovagal syncope.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring was performed during head-up tilt testing (HUT) in a group of 63 consecutive patients (27 males, 36 females, mean age 41.5 years) with a history of recurrent syncope of unknown origin despite extensive clinical and laboratory evaluation. Syncope occurred in 27/63 patients (42.8%) during HUT and was cardioinhibitory in 11/27 (40.7%) and vasodepressor in 16/27 (59.3%). All patients with a negative response to HUT had no significant EEG modifications. In patients with vasodepressor syncope a generalized high amplitude 4-5 Hz (theta range) slowing of EEG activity appeared at the onset of syncope, followed by an increase in brain wave amplitude with a reduction of frequency at 1.5-3 Hz (delta range). The return to the supine position was associated with brain wave amplitude reduction and frequency increase to 4-5 Hz, followed by restoration of a normal EEG pattern and arousal (mean total duration of syncope 23.2 s). In patients with cardioinhibitory syncope, a generalized high amplitude EEG slowing in the theta range was noted at the onset of syncope, followed by a brain wave amplitude increase and slowing in the delta range. A sudden reduction of brain wave amplitude ensued leading to the disappearance of electroencephalographic activity ("flat" EEG). The return to the supine position was not followed by immediate resolution of EEG abnormalities or consciousness recovery, both occurring after a longer time interval (mean total duration of syncope 41.4 s). EEG monitoring during HUT allowed the recording and systematic description of electroencephalographic abnormalities developing in the course of tilt induced vasovagal syncope.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Electroencephalographic correlates of vasovagal syncope induced by head-up tilt testing.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to determine whether the introduction of EEG monitoring during head-up tilt testing could significantly improve the understanding of the cerebral events occurring during tilt-induced vasovagal syncope and the potential danger to the patient of this diagnostic procedure. METHODS: EEG monitoring was performed during head-up tilt testing in a group of 63 consecutive patients (27 males and 36 females; mean age, 41.5 years) with a history of recurrent syncope of unknown origin despite extensive clinical and laboratory assessment. RESULTS: Syncope occurred in 27 of 63 patients (42.8%) during head-up tilt testing and was found to be cardioinhibitory in 11 of 27 (40.7%) and vasodepressor in 16 of 27 (59.3%). All patients with a negative response to head-up tilt testing showed no significant EEG modifications. In patients with vasodepressor syncope, a generalized high-amplitude, 4- to 5-Hz (theta range) slowing of EEG activity appeared at the onset of syncope, followed by an increase of brain-wave amplitude with the reduction of frequency at 1.5 to 3 Hz (delta range). The return to the supine position was associated with brain-wave amplitude reduction and frequency increase to 4 to 5 Hz, followed by restoration of a normal EEG pattern and arousal (mean total duration of syncope, 23.2 seconds.). In patients with cardioinhibitory syncope, a generalized high-amplitude EEG slowing in the theta range was noted at the onset of syncope, followed by a brain-wave amplitude increase and slowing in the delta range. A sudden reduction of brain-wave amplitude then ensued, leading to the disappearance of electrocerebral activity ("flat" EEG). The return to the supine position did not allow either the immediate resolution of EEG abnormalities or consciousness recovery, both of which occurred after a further time interval (mean total duration of syncope, 41.4 seconds.). CONCLUSIONS: EEG monitoring during head-up tilt testing allowed recording and systematic description of electrocerebral abnormalities developing in the course of tilt-induced vasovagal syncope.

Adult↗