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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Persistence of Inoue-Melnick virus and antibody in cerebrospinal fluid.

Serial cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained from 14 multiple sclerosis patients over a period of several months and were tested under code for Inoue-Melnick virus. In five of the positive patients, virus was present in 28 of 32 specimens collected over a period of 2 to 5 months. Four patients, from whom a total of 34 specimens were taken, yielded only a single isolate each. Five patients contributed 28 specimens, all of which were negative. In six patients (three virus positive and three virus negative), neutralizing antibody was detected in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Metrizamide myelography: blood and cerebrospinal fluid response.

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood were examined for immunologic factors before and after metrizamide myelography in 13 patients who underwent lumbar myelography and seven patients who underwent thoracic myelography. Clinical symptoms were also recorded. The results were consistent with a toxic reaction to the contrast medium, rather than an immunologic one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The use of fibrin sealant in cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is one of the central problems facing neurosurgeons, both due to its occasional difficulty in management and to the catastrophical significance of ensuing infection. An important tool emerging in the surgical management of CSF leakage is fibrin sealant, the natural coagulation product. Thirteen cases of CSF leakage, due to meningomyelocele, posttraumatic, and secondary to tumor, that were managed surgically with fibrin sealant are presented. Several of the cases were successfully operated upon following failure of conventional surgical techniques. Additional uses of fibrin sealant in neurosurgery are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2006

The optic nerve: a new window into cerebrospinal fluid composition?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and composition are generally thought to be homogeneous within small limits throughout all CSF compartments. CSF sampled during lumbar puncture therefore should be representative for all CSF compartments. On the basis of clinical findings, histology and biochemical markers, we present for the first time strong evidence that the subarachnoid spaces (SAS) of the optic nerve (ON) can become separated from other CSF compartments in certain ON disorders, thus leading to an ON sheath compartment syndrome. This may result in an abnormal concentration gradient of CSF molecular markers determined in locally sampled CSF compared with CSF taken during lumbar puncture.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Headache in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid hypotension].

Cerebrospinal fluid hypotension is a rare, incapacitating syndrome characterized by cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia occurring in the absence of known dural tear. Severe orthostatic headache is the main symptom and clinical examination is usually normal. Magnetic resonance imaging shows the characteristic association of three signs: diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement, sagging brain and bilateral subdural collections. Lumbar puncture is contraindicated. The single most effective treatment is lumbar epidural blood patch which cures over 50 percent of the patients and can be repeated in case of recurrence. The search for a dural tear is rarely necessary and surgical treatment is exceptionally required.

Blood Patch, Epidural↗
PubMed2002

Cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance in sheep: impact of blocking cerebrospinal fluid transport through the cribriform plate.

Recent studies in sheep suggest that a significant proportion of global cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage (50% or greater) occurs through the cribriform plate into nasal mucosal lymphatics. If this is true, obstructing CSF clearance through the cribriform plate should have an impact on the ability of the intracranial pressure regulating systems to compensate for volume infusions. To test this concept, bolus infusions of artificial CSF were administered into one lateral ventricle in sheep and the intracranial pressure monitored from the contralateral side. Peak intracranial pressures (ICP) were measured and CSF outflow resistances were calculated from the pressure patterns observed in response to bolus infusions administered before and after the cribriform plate was sealed in the same animal. To obstruct the cribriform plate, a portion of nasal bone was removed to expose the nasal mucosa. The olfactory mucosa, a portion of the nasal mucosa and all soft tissue on the extracranial surface of the cribriform plate were scraped away with a curette and the bone surface sealed with bone wax. Obstruction of CSF transport through the cribriform plate increased the peak ICP after infusion (P = 0.016) and augmented the time required for ICP to return to baseline. CSF outflow resistance was elevated approximately 2.7 times (P = 0.006). When the cribriform plate was left intact (sham surgery), no significant changes in peak ICP or CSF outflow resistance were observed. We conclude that the cribriform plate represents an important site for CSF clearance. Obstruction of this pathway reduces volumetric CSF transport significantly.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by the neutrophils of the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood and by the monocytic-reticular cells of the cerebrospinal fluid in neuroinfections].

Using the method of Park et al. the author studied spontaneous and stimulated NBT reduction by neutrophil granulocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and by monocytic-reticular cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with bacterial and viral meningitis and meningismus. The author performed 333 investigations in 74 patients. Significantly higher mean values of the index of spontaneous and stimulated NBT reduction by the granulocytes and cerebrospinal fluid were observed in cases of bacterial meningitis as compared with the granulocytes of the peripheral blood in healthy subjects. It was demonstrated that in patients with bacterial meningitis blood and fluid granulocytes showed a similar phagocytic acitivty independent of the humoral environment. In the patients with bacterial and viral meningitis the monocytic-reticular cells the cerebrospinal fluid showed a similar, sometimes high, phagocytic activity depending on the phase and severity of the disease. On the otherhand, in most cases of meningismus these cells failed to manifest any phagocytic and bactericidal activity. In only few isolated cells in the fluid weak NBT reduction was observed. The obtained results of investigations showed the usefulness of the NBT test not only for the differential diagnosis of the aetiology of neuroinfections but also for the assessment of immune processes taking place in the nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Protein analysis in cerebrospinal fluid. III. Relation to blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function for formulas for quantitative determination of intrathecal IgG production.

To examine the possible influence of the blood-CSF barrier function on mathematical formulas for estimating intrathecal IgG production (IgG index, Tourtellotte's formula [TOURT], Schuller and Sagar's formula [Schull], and Reiber and Felgenhauer's formula [IgG(loc)]), we analysed serum and CSF samples from 105 healthy individuals, aged 18-88 years, and 816 consecutive patients without oligoclonal IgG bands (OCBs) in the CSF, aged 18-91 years. In healthy individuals there was no significant correlation between the CSF/serum (S) albumin ratio (i.e. blood-CSF barrier function) and the IgG index, a dimensionless quotient for determining intrathecal IgG production, and only a small correlation (r = -0.08, p < 0.05) in patients without OCBs. However, significant dependence on the blood-CSF barrier function was found, in both healthy individuals and patients without OCBs, for the formulas determining intrathecal IgG production in milligrams (per litre CSF or per day), i.e. for TOURT, SCHULL and IgG(loc). Therefore, we propose a new formula for the quantitative determination of intrathecal IgG production in mg/l, the IGGPROD, which is calculated as: CSF-IgG -[(0.51 x CSF-Alb x S-IgG)/S-Alb]. IGGPROD is an empirical formula, based on findings in 105 healthy individuals 18-88 years of age, and does not depend on the blood CSF barrier function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Studies on homocarnosine in cerebrospinal fluid in infancy and childhood. Part I. Homocarnosine level in cerebrospinal fluid of normal infants and children.

Homocarnosine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of 49 normal infants and children were determined by a high speed amino acid autoanalyzer (Hitachi Co.). The mean homocarnosine level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants and children was 0.75 +/- 0.24 mumol/dl. In infants under 2 years of age, significant correlation between homocarnosine levels in CSF and the gestational age was found (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001). In children from 2 to 8 years of age, homocarnosine levels in CSF were almost constant being independent of the age (mean +/- SD: 0.89 +/- 0.20 mumol/dl). In school children over 9 years of age, significant correlation between homocarnosine levels in CSF and the age was found ( r = -0.68, p less than 0.01).

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Lumbo-omental shunt for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid--an experimental study in dogs. I. The transport of cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar subarachnoid space, studied by 169Yb-DTPA and a gamma camera.

Studies using an experimental cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting procedure are presented. By transposing a pedicle graft of the greater omentum to the lumbar subarachnoid space, the CSF absorption of the omentum can be utilized. Monitoring the absorption of intrathecally administration of 169Yb-DTPA by gamma camera sequential pictures 1 to 17 months after the shunt procedure, a rapid transport of radionuclide from the lumbo-omental shunt to the systemic venous blood was demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Isotachophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid.

Unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was mixed in a constant ratio with carrier ampholytes and spacer amino acids and analysed by isotachophoresis. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluids from 113 patients showed characteristic patterns for normal, acute viral and acute bacterial meningitis. CSF from cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) differed from these and from each other in the gamma-globulin region. This technique provides useful information on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and is able to determine whether immunoglobulins present arise within the central nervous system or enter through a damaged barrier.

Blood-Brain Barrier↗
PubMed1984

Devic's syndrome: antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebrospinal fluid.

The cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with Devic's syndrome contained antiglial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. The serum level of antibody was less than that in cerebrospinal fluid, and the antibody was probably synthesized within the central nervous system. Similar antibody was not found in another patient with Devic's syndrome or in patients with multiple sclerosis. The role of the antibody in the patient's illness is uncertain, but is one of the few instances in which antibody against a specific brain antigen has been described in human demyelinating disease.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1977

Diagnosis in persistent cerebrospinal fluid fistulas.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and otorrhea have presented difficult problems in both diagnosis and management; moreover, the threat of impending meningitis necessitates early localization of the source of the leak. The most common techniques for evaluation and isolation of CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea have included X-ray studies, intrathecal dyes, and radioactive cisternography...

Adolescent↗