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PubMed1977

Influence of some inflammatory or antiinflammatory substances on skin biopsies investigated with microcalorimetry and respiratory techniques.

Thermal effects were achieved from skin biopsies (epidermis, corium, subcutis) measured by batch-microcalorimetry, after exposure to potent inflammatory or antiinflammatory substances (compound 48/80, histamine, serotonine and hydrocortisone phosphate). Exothermic effects were achieved from 48-80, histamine and hydrocortisone phosphate, when exposed to the skin and lasting for varying time. From serotonine initial endothermic signals were achieved but after about 50 min there was stabilizing of the thermal reaction at the baseline. To analyze the nature of these non-specific thermal effects, determinations of O2 consumption and CO2 production were performed, using Warburg technique on exactly matched tissue pieces exposed to the same substances and run parallely with the microcalorimetrical determinations. An increased respiration, probably as an indicator of increased metabolism was registrated for all test substances acting on the skin. It felt, that the thermal effects reflect an increased metabolism of the tissue exposed to the test substances.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed1989

Inactivation of end-plate acetylcholinesterase during the course of organophosphate intoxications.

Blood organophosphate (OP) levels, serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and electrophysiological neuromuscular transmission following repetitive nerve stimulation at 10 Hz and 50 Hz were studied serially in five patients with severe acute organophosphate intoxication following suicide attempts. Eight to 45 hours after oral ingestion, blood OP levels were elevated, BChE activity was markedly reduced, while repetitive nerve stimulation studies showed no or only mild abnormalities. The latter attained the maximal abnormality 32-69 h after ingestion, when BChE was inactivated further but elevated OP levels had fallen. Recovery from these abnormalities at 10 Hz nerve stimulation occurred within 100-237 h after the intoxication and it was still incomplete at 50 Hz stimulation 48-80 h later. BChE activity varied within a wide range and showed even normal values at both times. Neuromuscular transmission studies proved to be the most useful indicator for determining the severity and time course of organophosphate intoxication.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2006

Cytotoxicity of iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents in renal tubular cells at angiographic concentrations: in vitro study.

PURPOSE: To test in vitro whether gadolinium-based contrast agents induce fewer toxic effects on renal tubular cells than does an iodinated contrast medium at concentrations used for angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LLC-PK1 cells were incubated with iomeprol, gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine, gadoterate meglumine, gadodiamide, and corresponding mannitol solutions for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in two experimental settings: measurements with equally attenuating solutions and measurements with equimolar solutions. Cytotoxicity was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, trypan blue testing, and an assay to detect apoptosis and necrosis. Data were analyzed with analyses of variance and post hoc tests. RESULTS: Yielding the same x-ray attenuation, iomeprol-300 and iomeprol-150 at concentrations of 2.34-18.75 mg of iodine per milliliter induced significantly (P < .001) lower inhibition of MTT conversion (74%-102% of undamaged control cells) compared with 15.63-125.00 mmol/L concentrations of the gadolinium-based agents (mean percentages of undamaged control cells: 48%-80%, 50%-87%, 60%-95%, and 56%-92% with gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine, gadoterate meglumine, and gadodiamide, respectively). At equimolar concentrations (62.5 mmol/L), iomeprol-190 induced a mean extent of inhibition of MTT conversion (69% of undamaged control cells) similar to that induced by gadoterate meglumine (71%) and gadodiamide (70%), whereas gadopentetate dimeglumine and gadobenate dimeglumine induced stronger effects (63% and 64%, respectively; P < .001). At trypan blue testing, there were more dead cells after incubation with 125 mmol/L gadopentetate dimeglumine than after incubation with iomeprol-190 (57% vs 19%, P < .001). The 125 mmol/L gadopentetate and gadobenate formulations induced more necrosis and apoptosis than did gadoterate meglumine, gadodiamide, and iomeprol (mean percentage difference between treated and untreated control cells: for necrosis, +124%, +95%, +17%, -6%, and +3%, respectively; for apoptosis, +34%, +35%, +13%, +4%, and +5%, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION: At angiographic concentrations, gadolinium-based contrast agents do not induce fewer cytotoxic effects on cultured renal tubular cells than does iomeprol.

Angiography↗