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PubMed2002

Creative style, personality, and artistic endeavor.

Research has shown that creative style, as measured by the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI; M. J. Kirton, 1976), is correlated with more than 30 different personality traits. In this article, the author demonstrates that many of these correlations can be understood within the framework of the Five-Factor Model of personality and shows that the predominant correlates of creative style are personality indicators in the domains of the factors Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and, to a lesser extent, Extraversion. These findings provide a basis for comparing the personality traits associated with creative style and occupational creativity. High scorers on the KAI (innovators) differ from both average and creative scientists but have personality characteristics similar to those of artists. This finding suggests that the artistic personality may be more common than is generally supposed and that common factors might underlie both artistic endeavor and creative style.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

31 ways to spark your staff's creativity and productivity.

Staff creativity can help your practice run more smoothly and give it a competitive edge. In most cases, however, your staff's creativity needs to be fostered. You may do this in three very specific ways. First, you must communicate to your staff that their creativity is wanted and valued. Second, you must establish a climate that is conducive to creative thinking. And, third, you must reinforce staff creativity so it will continue to grow and flourish. This article offers 31 specific methods for achieving these goals, thereby improving your staff's creativity and achievement, as well as your practice's productivity and excellence.

Creativity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemispheric interactions during a search of original verbal associations: EEG coherence in creative men and women].

A hemispheric interaction during verbal creative thinking was studied by the analysis of EEG coherence in the band of 4-30 Hz. 18 males and 21 females (right-handed university students) participaited in the experiments. Independently of gender, the performance of Remote Associates Task was accompanied by an increase in coherence in the theta1 and beta2 frequency bands as compared to the states of rest and the letter-fluency and simple associate's tasks. Successful search for original word associates as compared to generation of standard words was accompanied by a local increase in the interhemispheric coherence of the beta2 rhythm mostly in the parietotemporal cortex. In creative men, the increase in the hemispheric interaction efficient for a search for original words was focused in the frontal and temporal loci of the right hemisphere and in the left occipital locus, whereas in creative women the increase in coherence was observed in the left frontal and temporal regions. Creative men differed from non-creative ones by higher inter- and intrahemispheric coherence and were similar to women in the level of hemispheric interaction. The cortical distribution of foci of interhemispheric coherence reactivity indicates that the cortical organization of verbal functions depends on both sex and creativity of men and women.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Right-brain techniques: a catalyst for creative thinking and internal focusing. A study of five writers and six psychotherapists.

Comparing the scientific reports of brain researchers such as Sperry, Bogen, Diamond, Geschwind, and Hoppe with the subjective reports of high achievers in various fields of the arts, sciences, and industry reveals that there is a correlation between creative thinking and right hemisphere specialization. Learning how to stimulate right hemisphere activity can be of great benefit to high achievers in fields that require one to be internally focused, to be sensitive to the intonations of voice and body-language, to comprehend symbols and metaphors, to think visually and holistically, to work constructively with affect, or to enhance imaginative thinking. This report is a subjective study of how five writers and six psychotherapists experienced one three-hour session of Inner Vision techniques, which I developed to stimulate creative thinking and inner focusing by enhancing right hemisphere activity. During the session, all of the psychotherapists and all but one of the writers reported that these mental imagery exercises produced a significant increase in the flow of creative ideas and enabled them to gain insights into important personal issues. One writer experienced resistance; two psychotherapists reported feelings of solace; two writers and two psychotherapists indicated that they have gained new perspectives on professional issues--one writer solved a major problem regarding the central character in his book; six psychotherapists and three writers gained new perceptions on important personal issues; five psychotherapists and four writers reported feelings of intense joy, even liberation, during the session. All eleven participants indicated that they had experienced vivid and imaginative imagery. The constructive use of imagination is essential for creative work and mental health. Writers who have the skill to program their imaginations to gain creative insights at times of their own choosing obviously will be more productive than writers who sit around waiting for the benevolent muse. Psychotherapists who use Inner Vision techniques in their own lives find that it is a valuable tool for interior focusing; those who use it with their patients have reported that this is a practical, effective technique for helping patients attain greater psychologic integration. An important way in which this program differs from other imagery techniques is that the vivid imagery of the right-hemisphere work is followed by left-brain analysis and evaluation. The ultimate goal is the transformational intercallosal process of symbollexia--the "magic synthesis" of right-brain and left-brain specialization for an enhanced ability to live and work creatively.

Affect↗

PubMed1985

[Creativeness and performance strengths in schizophrenic patients].

Three positions concerning empirically detectable associations between (endogenous) psychosis and creativity are discussed: One which postulates a degeneration both in psychosis and creative people, another which tends to equalize creativity and psychosis and a third one which regards creativity as positive and psychosis as an illness. The latter position is well in accord with empirical results. These results are pointing to something which creativity has in common with psychosis. This common conditioning factor is probably a distinctive cognitive style and, depending on the specific context, presents itself either in a positive way (creativity) or as psychotic disorganisation.

Achievement↗

PubMed1983

Creativity in management in family medicine.

Family practice presents some complex patient management problems with organic, social, and psychological components. There is a great potential for creative problem solving in such patient management problems, in that many alternative solutions are possible. A cross-sectional study was carried out to test the hypothesis that "more creative people as defined by a standard creativity test would have a better quality of management." Sixteen volunteers from the University of Western Ontario Family Practice Residency Program completed a written management problem and the Barron Welsh Art Scale, which is a measure of a person's preference for complexity. The number of options given in each answer was calculated, and the results showed that more creative residents had a higher quality of management score, a higher number of high-quality options, more options of an interpersonal nature, and a higher proportion of original options. The results suggest that creative people are more able to generate the number and types of options that are needed for quality management. The higher proportion of original options may represent a more comprehensive approach to management, and the creative groups' preference for complexity may enable them to deal more effectively with the problem. These results are not generalizable but indicate a need for further investigation into this area.

Creativity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Temperament as a prerequisite of creative capabilities].

Temperamental and creative characteristics were compared in three groups of subjects who manifested a bent for creative activity. The groups differed in their age: 14-year-old schoolchildren of architectural class (n = 20), 18 to 20-year-old students of architectural institute (n = 94), and 25 to 45-year-old professional architects (n = 25). The temperamental properties were measured using the STQ method. The creative characteristics were evaluated by E. P. Torrance's non-verbal tests of creative thinking. In the structure of creative abilities, only two creative characteristics, i.e., fluency and flexibility, correlated at the statistically significant level with temperamental properties in all the age-specific groups under study. The closest correlations were found with plasticity and emotionality of temperament both in object-related and subject-related spheres.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

On the relationship between the creative and social-emotional development of emotionally handicapped children.

Examined the relationship between the creative and social-emotional development of emotionally handicapped children (N = 78). The question of primary interest was whether changes in social emotional development over the course of treatment would parallel changes in creativity. Two samples of emotionally handicapped children were rated on their mastery of social-emotional objectives and were given similar forms of a creativity test at the beginning and end of an 8-week period. In both samples a significant relationship was found between changes in social-emotional status and creativity. Creative and social-emotional changes occurred independently of most variables known about a child at the beginning of treatment. Possible explanations and implications of this relationship are discussed.

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed2002

Are creativity and schizotypy products of a right hemisphere bias?

Prior research has shown associations between higher creativity (e.g., semantic association, verbal fluency), higher schizotypy (e.g., magical ideation), and relatively stronger right hemisphere laterality measures--when each of the three pairings has been studied individually. Our prior study related creativity and schizotypy to signal detection theory response criterion aspects of laterality. The present study attempted to integrate findings regarding these three constructs and to replicate the signal detection theory laterality results by providing measures of all three constructs in a within subjects design. Participants were 60 undergraduates who completed a test battery including two measures of creativity, three measures of schizotypy, a lateralized lexical decision task, and a dichotic listening task. Results are consistent with individual differences in creativity and schizotypy being partly related to a response criterion favoring right hemisphere, possibly nonconscious, processing. Dichotic listening results revealed a strong association of better right hemisphere (left ear) localization ability and creativity.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Creativity in old age: a longitudinal study.

A creativity test was administered to a selected sample of 52 subjects all 70 years old and repeated in the same group 13 years later. The stimuli used were diffuse ink-blots coded for three components of creativity: fluency, flexibility and originality. The three components were also summed to form a composite creativity score. Repeated analyses showed no age-related changes in the creativity scores obtained at the two testing times. Furthermore, no gender differences nor age and gender inter-actions were found. The results of this longitudinal study indicate that, contrary to earlier findings from cross-sectional studies, creativity does not seem to decline significantly in old age.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

Moral creativity in science and engineering.

Creativity in science and engineering has moral significance and deserves attention within professional ethics, in at least three areas. First, much scientific and technological creativity constitutes moral creativity because it generates moral benefits, is motivated by moral concern, and manifests virtues such as beneficence, courage, and perseverance. Second, creativity contributes to the meaning that scientists and engineers derive from their work, thereby connecting with virtues such as authenticity and also faults arising from Faustian trade-offs. Third, morally creative leadership is important at all levels of science and engineering.

Creativity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bipolar affective disorder and creativity: implications and clinical management.

Research on the relationship between creativity and mental illness is summarized, and studies documenting a relationship in writers between creativity and affective illness (particularly bipolar illness) are described. Writers have a high prevalence of affective illness, and both affective illness and creativity have increased frequency in their first-degree relatives. The clinical management of the creative individual is challenging. In general, creative individuals are most productive when their affective symptoms are under good control.

Bipolar Disorder↗

PubMed2005

Conceptual expansion and creative imagery as a function of psychoticism.

The ability to be creative is often considered a unique characteristic of conscious beings and many efforts have been directed at demonstrating a relationship between creativity and the personality construct of psychoticism. The present study sought to investigate this link explicitly by focusing on discrete facets of creative cognition, namely the originality/novelty dimension and the practicality/usefulness dimension. Based on Eysenck's conceptualisation of psychoticism as being characterised by an overinclusive cognitive style, it was expected that higher levels of psychoticism would accompany a greater degree of conceptual expansion and elevated levels of originality in creative imagery, but would be unrelated to the practicality/usefulness of an idea. These hypotheses were confirmed in 80 healthy participants who were contrasted based on their EPQ psychoticism scale scores. Our findings suggest that the link between psychoticism and creativity is based on associative thinking and broader but weak top-down activation patterns rather than on goal-related thinking.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Verbal creativity and schizotypal personality in relation to prefrontal hemispheric laterality: a behavioral and near-infrared optical imaging study.

Although anecdotal and correlational results have suggested a reliable relationship between creativity and psychosis, few studies have examined this relationship using empirical methods. In addition, little is known about the neural substrates of creative thinking. We investigated the creative thinking process in relation to schizotypal personality, schizophrenia and prefrontal hemispheric laterality using behavioral and near-infrared optical spectroscopy (NIRS) methods. Schizophrenic, psychometrically ascertained schizotypal, and healthy control subjects (all right-handed) participated in a novel "alternate uses" task designed to assess divergent thinking (DT) ability. The DT task required subjects to generate "uses" for conventional and ambiguous objects. Prefrontal activity was measured using NIRS while subjects were engaged in DT vs. a cognitive control task in a subset of the subjects. Behavioral data indicated that schizotypes had enhanced DT ability compared with schizophrenic and control subjects, who showed similar performance overall. NIRS data showed that DT was associated with bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation, but the right PFC particularly contributed to the enhanced creative thinking in psychometric schizotypes compared with the other two groups. Thus, creative thinking seems to robustly recruit bilateral PFC, but it is the right PFC that is preferentially activated in schizotypes in relation to their enhanced DT.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Creativity of undergraduates with and without family history of alcohol and other drug problems.

Noble, Runco, and Ozkaragoz (1993) provided evidence that alcoholics' children differ negatively from recovering alcoholics' and nonalcoholics' children in terms of personality characteristics related to creativity. They also found that divergent thinking test scores among the three groups of children are similar, yet the possibility exists that offspring compensate for the personality deficits and maintain productively creative lives in spite of the negative influence of parental substance use. This study investigated the impact of parental substance abuse problems on 163 undergraduates' creative achievement. With current alcohol consumption as a covariate, analysis of covariance results suggest that parental alcohol and drug problems do not have an appreciable effect on students' creative achievement, although marginally significant interaction of gender and family history provides limited evidence that gender may influence the impact of parental substance abuse on creativity. Because the true effects of parental substance abuse may not be felt for several years, future research should investigate these issues with older offspring.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

The effects of promotion and prevention cues on creativity.

This study tested whether cues associated with promotion and prevention regulatory foci influence creativity. The authors predicted that the "risky," explorative processing style elicited by promotion cues, relative to the risk-averse, perseverant processing style elicited by prevention cues, would facilitate creative thought. These predictions were supported by two experiments in which promotion cues bolstered both creative insight (Experiment 1) and creative generation (Experiment 2) relative to prevention cues. Experiments 3 and 4 provided evidence for the process account of these findings. suggesting that promotion cues, relative to prevention cues, produce a riskier response bias (Experiment 3) and bolster memory search for novel responses (Experiment 4). A final experiment provided evidence that individual differences in regulatory focus influence creative problem solving in a manner analogous to that of incidental promotion and prevention cues.

Achievement↗

PubMed1985

The use of imagery by intelligent and by creative schoolchildren.

Two studies focusing on differences in thinking strategies between intellectually gifted and creative children were undertaken. In the first study (N = 29), ethnographic techniques of observation along with testing and problem-solving interviews were used in a regular classroom. Three subjects (one high IQ and high creativity, one high IQ and low creativity, and one low IQ and high creativity) were identified for intensive observation. In the second study, testing procedures and problem-solving interviews were completed with 30 children who were placed in a gifted program within an urban school system. Both studies produced evidence supporting the link between imaging abilities and creative thinking.

Attention↗

PubMed1989

Artifact in the hypnosis-creativity relationship.

Subjects who pretested high or low in hypnotic suggestibility took a creativity test either under hypnosis or in a waking state. All subjects made a global estimate of their general degree of creativity. Greater figural-spatial creativity was exhibited in the hypnosis condition than in the waking condition by both high and low suggestibles. Creativity self-reports were not corroborated by actual creative performance.

Adult↗