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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Spectrophotometric analysis of a nongreening, metal-fusing porcelain.

Spectrometric analysis has been used previously to examine color differences among various porcelains and metal ceramic systems. This study determined whether nongreening porcelain of a single shade fused to high-gold and palladium-silver alloys results in the same final color. Both conventional (VMK-68) and nongreening (VMK-68N) porcelains were fused to metal coupons of high gold (Will-Ceram Y) and palladium-silver (Will-Ceram W-1) to make up four groups. CIELAB colorimetric data were collected at each of seven fabrication steps to define color differences between steps for each alloy-porcelain group as well as between groups at each step. For the shade tested, perceptible color differences between high-gold/conventional porcelain and palladium-silver/nongreening porcelain coupons did not support manufacturers' claims.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

[Representation of normal and pathologic macular color vision].

INTRODUCTION: The computerized chromatic test allows a graphic visualization of the colors perceived by normal and pathologic retina. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This test was returned by an album (six series of plates with ten levels of saturation), a lamp and a program for graphic representation. RESULTS: The graphic image was returned by the computer. For a normal eye, the aspect of the chart was a set of ten concentric saturation levels: the most saturated circle were located on the outside. For an acquired or congenital dyschromatopsia, the limits of the neutral zone are located in the center and are constituted by the most saturated level of blind charts of the album. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The informatized chromatic test is a very easy one to appreciate color vision defects.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1978

The desaturated panel D-15.

The Desaturated Panel D-15 is analogous in design to the standard Panel D-15 but of lower purity (chroma 2 Munsell); the test is more sensitive to mild and moderate losses in chromatic discrimination ability. Combination of the results of both tests allows recognition of several degrees of chromatic discrimination loss.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Binocular enhancement of color discrimination in a deutan.

A 31-year-old white male deutan produced reliably different profiles when examined binocularly and monocularly with a Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. Discrimination in the long wavelengths improved under the binocular conditions. Intensive testing yielded no information to account for the phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Screening for congenital colour vision defects. A comparison between the Ohkuma and Ishihara plates.

A prospective comparison between the Ohkuma and Ishihara pseudoisochromatic (PIC) plates was carried out in a group of 400 patients attending a general ophthalmology practice. The sensitivity of the Ohkuma test was compared to the Ishihara test, and the specificity of both was determined by reference to anomaloscopy as a gold standard. Both tests correctly identified the same group of 24 patients as having a red/green confusion axis, and the Ohkuma test was equally as sensitive as the Ishihara. The grading plates in both tests are unreliable, but the Ohkuma test is quicker, easier to administer, gives less ambiguous responses and has a clearer cut-off score for abnormality. On the basis of this experience the Ohkuma test is recommended as more appropriate for routine colour vision screening than either the 24 or 38 plate Ishihara tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colour blind cricketers and snowballs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether colour blindness affects batting in professional cricketers. DESIGN: Comparison of batting averages of colour blind cricketers and those with normal vision. SETTING: Players on 18 first class county cricket teams. SUBJECTS: 280 of 306 players were tested. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of Isihara colour blindness tests. RESULTS: Batting average for the colour blind group (12 players) was slightly lower than for players with normal vision (20.88 v 26.31). There was no difference in the number of batsmen and bowlers affected. Batting averages before and after the introduction of the white ball into Sunday League cricket did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: That batting performance is not significantly impaired by colour blindness suggests that to some extent these players are self selected. Routine testing of cricketers for colour blindness is not recommended.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1985

Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2.

The Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2 are able to detect acquired blue-yellow color vision defects as well as acquired and congenital red-green color vision defects. One test plate might be age dependent. The value of 3 test plates is not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Color vision testing to assist in diagnosis of digoxin toxicity.

This report describes an initial step in the process of determining whether color vision changes might form the basis for testing to assist in diagnosis of digoxin toxicity. The research questions concerned the types of color vision deficiencies found in people with elevated digoxin levels, the types of color vision tests that could help identify color vision changes in these people, and the relationship between serum digoxin level and subjects' responses to color vision tests. Three groups of subjects with a minimum of one week on maintenance digoxin therapy were tested. Two groups who were free of selected known causes of abnormal color vision participated in a single test session: clinic women (N = 19) and hospitalized women (N = 30). A third group (N = 10) was initially tested at a time of elevated serum digoxin levels (greater than or equal to 2.5 ng/ml) and retested at therapeutic levels. The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test was performed on the clinic women. All subjects were tested with the Ishihara; the Hardy, Rand, and Rittler (HRR) plates; and the Farnsworth Panel D-15. The 49 women who had a single test session demonstrated a positive relationship between digoxin level and failing the Ishihara (p less than .05). On retest at therapeutic levels, the group with initial high digoxin levels had a significant reduction in the number of Ishihara (p .005) and HRR (p less than .005) errors. The Panel D-15 lacked sensitivity. Most subjects with high digoxin levels would not have been able to perform a reliable 100-Hue test. Red-green deficiency was the most common defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The history of research in color perception as a key to understanding various forms of congenital defects in red-green perception].

It is accurate to date the first scientific report about colour-deficiencies on 1777. Earlier descriptions may be followed up to the end of the 17th century. But usually it is only mentioned, that mistakes had happened. Huddart 1777, however, reported for the first time, that more than one person was involved in a family and that demonstrations of coloured ribbons helped to find out which colours became confounded. The famous self-observation of Dalton contains the assortment of individually combined silk-threads, which is an anticipation of subsequent arrangement-tests. Goethe developed a systematic arrangement-test of self-made small coloured targets with colours out of his own colour-wheel. A. Seebeck was the first who--using the spectrum for examination--found out that a special group of subjects showed a shortening of the spectrum at the red end. From this result Helmholtz concluded the existence of two types of red-green blindness. This new argument for the trichromatic organisation of our colourvision was the basis for the statement of the three types: protanopia, deuteranopia and tritanopia (v. Kries, A. König). Rayleigh later on succeeded in finding out anomalous trichromats following preparatory examinations of Maxwell. Nagel has the merit to have analysed protanomaly and deuteranomaly using the anomaloscope constructed by himself. Side by side with the spectral colour-tests pseudoisochromatic plates were developed for diagnostic purposes, at first thought out and introduced by Stilling and in the meantime used in many variations.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed2003

ERGs, cone-isolating VEPs and analytical techniques in children with cone dysfunction syndromes.

Photoreceptor and post-receptoral function in children with congenital and acquired cone disorders was measured by full-field electroretinogram (ERG) and transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Subjects were five rod monochromats (RM), five with cone dystrophy (CD), and 30 controls. Patients were diagnosed by clinical findings, ERGs, and standard color vision tests. VEP stimuli were check reversals and color grating onsets that stimulated each photoreceptor type (L-, M-, or S-cones) or post-receptoral pathways (L-M, white/black). VEP signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) were calculated by Fourier analysis of VEP epochs. All RM patients showed extinguished cone ERGs. A near normal S-cone VEP was recorded from a blue-cone rod monochromat without any signal from the L- or M-cone stimuli. Two other RM patients were classified as incomplete RM based on a low-level VEP signal from either L- or M-cone stimuli. CD patients had mildly to severely reduced ERGs and VEPs were abnormal to all cone-isolating stimuli. The VEP S/N ratio was not significantly correlated with the amount of rod contrast in the color stimuli. Color VEPs provide an objective assessment of macular cone function in children with cone dysfunction syndromes that is more sensitive to residual central cone function than standard full-field ERGs. VEP techniques may be useful in the early detection of cone loss in children, especially in children who do not tolerate ERG testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Adverse consequences of altering the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test.

Modifications of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test (e.g., selection of new fixed-reference caps from within the test) have been proposed, with little or no theoretical justification or experimental verification. Predictions based on theoretical considerations of the underlying nature of the test and verified by experimental measurements on subjects with known color defects demonstrate that (1) modification can destroy the very nature of the test; (2) modification can alter axis determination and therefore, potentially, the diagnosis; (3) the resulting test scores cannot be compared reliably to established norms; and (4) accurate predictions of test performance can be made from theoretical considerations.

Color Perception↗