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PubMed2000

The effect of comments about shoe construction on impact forces during walking.

UNLABELLED: Comparisons of ground reaction forces (GRF) during gait are not typically conducted with blinding of the varied shoe characteristic, raising concerns related to the existence of a placebo effect, or a subject response based on a perceived expectation of change. PURPOSE: To determine whether investigator comments on shoe construction influenced GRF measures and ratings of shoe cushioning during walking. METHODS: 19 female college students volunteered for a study presented as a test of a new shoe material. The study involved walking (2.5 m x s(-1)) under three shoe conditions (SC). Shoes in SC2 and SC3 were harder than those in SC1, but shoes in SC1 and SC3 looked similar. Subjects in a mislead group (N = 9) were told SC1 and SC3 were baseline measures in a standard shoe, with SC2 misleadingly described as a shoe constructed of unique new material. A control group performed the same three conditions without investigator description. GRF data were collected for 10 trials for each subject in each condition, and subjects rated the perceived cushioning of each shoe. GRF data and perceived cushioning scores were analyzed using mixed-factor (group by shoe) ANOVA. RESULTS: A significant shoe main effect was found for loading rate. Post hoc tests identified the difference between SC1 and both SC2 and SC3. The group main effect was not significant for any dependent variable. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that, as a group, GRF data and cushioning scores are not affected by investigator comments that do not match shoe construction characteristics. However, ratings of perceived shoe cushioning by some individual subjects reflected investigator comments and not the vertical GRF variables.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Reply to comments on "Simple measure for complexity"

We respond to the comment by Crutchfield, Feldman, and Shalizi [Comment in this issue, Phys. Rev. E 62, 2996 (2000)] and that by Binder and Perry [preceding Comment, Phys. Rev. E 62, 2998 (2000)], pointing out that there may be many maximum entropies, and therefore "disorders" and "simple complexities." Which ones are appropriate depend on the questions being addressed. "Disorder" is not restricted to be the ratio of a nonequilibrium entropy to the corresponding equilibrium entropy; therefore, "simple complexity" need not vanish for all equilibrium systems, nor must it be nonvanishing for a nonequilibrium system.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1999

Assessing the quality of comments on reports: a retrospective study.

I describe a comparatively simple method for assessing the quality of comments on clinical biochemistry reports. It is based on independent peer review of components of comments, appears reasonably robust and correlates well with separate independent assessment of the value of complete comments. The method gives a numerical score, and thus lends itself to a wide range of statistical manipulations and assessment for education and audit purposes.

Internet↗

PubMed1995

[The effects of information relevance to speaker vs. hearer on the use of comment expressions and interrogative sentences in the Japanese language].

This study examined how the relevance of information to the speaker and the hearer affected the use of comments and interrogative sentences. Subjects read scenarios and rated the necessity of an expression (Experiment 1) or the naturalness of expressions (Experiment 2) in each of the situations. Experiment 1 investigated the use of comments, which preceded the information, to show the speaker's uncertainty about the information contents (subjects: 138 undergraduates). The less the information was relevant to the speaker and/or the more it was relevant to the hearer, the more the comments were judged to be necessary. Experiment 2 investigated the use of interrogative sentences, declarative sentences, and declarative sentences + a sentence final particle 'ne' (subjects: 96 undergraduates). Interrogative sentences were judged to be the most natural in the conditions where the information was relevant to the hearer and not to the speaker, whereas declarative sentences were judged to be the most natural where the information was relevant to the speaker and not to the hearer. Declarative sentences + 'ne' showed intermediate patterns of use between interrogative sentences and declarative sentences.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Physician performance standard rates of increase for federal fiscal year 1994 and physician fee schedule update for calendar year 1994--HCFA. Final notice with comment period.

This notice announces the calendar year (CY) 1994 updates to the Medicare physician fee schedule and the Federal fiscal year (FY) 1994 performance standard rates of increase for expenditures and volume of physicians' services under the Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance (Part B) program as required by sections 1848 (d) and (f), respectively, of the Social Security Act. The physician performance standard rates of increase for Federal FY 1994 are 8.6 percent for surgical services, 10.5 percent for primary care services, 9.2 percent for other nonsurgical services, and 9.3 percent for all physicians' services. The fee schedule update for CY 1994 is 10.0 percent for surgical services, 7.9 percent for primary care services, and 5.3 percent for other nonsurgical services. This notice also references the surgical and nonsurgical designations for new and revised procedure codes in the Physicians' Current Procedural Terminology, to be used in applying the CY 1994 updates and for establishing and measuring expenditures under the MVPS for FY 1994. These designations appear in Addendum C of the final rule with comment period entitled "Medicare Program; Revisions to Payment Policies and Adjustments to the Relative Value Units under the Physician Fee Schedule for Calendar Year 1994 (BPD-770-FC)," published elsewhere in this Federal Register issue. The new and revised surgical and nonsurgical designations are subject to public comment. In addition, this notice addresses public comments on the "initial" procedure-specific list of surgical services published in our November 25, 1992, notice.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗

PubMed1994

Medicaid program; home and community-based services and respiratory care for ventilator-dependent individuals--HCFA. Final rule with comment period.

This final rule with comment period expands coverage of Medicaid home and community-based services under the waiver provisions of section 1915(c) of the Social Security Act. This final rule also adds coverage of respiratory care services as an optional benefit under State Medicaid plans. These revisions and additions incorporate changes made by the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 and the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 and respond to the public comments that we received as a result of the June 1, 1988, publication of a proposed rule. This final rule with comment period also incorporates self-implementing provisions of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, and the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 concerning home and community-based services, and makes other technical changes not specifically related to these statutes.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗

PubMed1997

Mental health parity and newborns' and mothers' health protection--HCFA. Solicitation of comments.

This document is a request for comments regarding issues under the Mental Health Parity Act of 1996 (MHPA) and the Newborns' and Mothers' Health Protection Act of 1996 (NMHPA). The Department of Labor and the Department of Health and Human Services (collectively, the Departments) have received comments from the public on a number of issues arising under both MHPA and NMHPA. Further comments from the public are welcome.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act↗

PubMed1991

Medicare program; update of ambulatory surgical center payment rates and additions to and deletions from the current list of covered surgical procedures--HCFA. Notice with comment period.

This notice implements section 1833(i)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act, which requires that the payment rates for ambulatory surgical center (ASC) services be reviewed and updated annually, and responds to the public comment we received concerning the ambulatory surgical center payment rate update notice with comment period published on July 5, 1990 (55 FR 27690). It also implements section 1833(i)(1) of the Social Security Act, which requires, in part, that the list of covered ambulatory surgical center procedures be reviewed and updated at least every 2 years. This notice announces additions to and deletions from the list of surgical procedures for which facility services are covered when the procedures are performed in an ASC. This notice also announces the assignment of payment groups for each procedure and responds to public comments received in response to the notice proposing additions to and deletions from the list of covered surgical procedures that was published on December 7, 1990.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1998

Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network--HRSA. Final rule with comment period.

This document sets forth the final rule governing the operation of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), which performs a variety of functions related to organ transplantation under contract with HHS. The document also offers a 60 day period for additional public comment. The rule will become effective 30 days following the close of the comment period. If the Department believes that additional time is required to review the comments, we will consider delaying the effective date. In combination with a new National Organ and Tissue Donation Initiative, this rule is intended to improve the effectiveness and equity of the Nation's transplantation system and to further the purposes of the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984, as amended. These purposes include: encouraging organ donation; developing an organ allocation system that functions as much as technologically feasible on a nationwide basis; providing the bases for effective Federal oversight of the OPTN (as well as for implementing related provisions in the Social Security Act); and, providing better information about transplantation to patients, families and health care providers.

Catchment Area, Health↗

PubMed1998

Medicare program; schedules of per-visit and per-beneficiary limitations on home health agency costs for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1998--HCFA. Notice with comment period.

This notice with comment period sets forth revised schedules of limitations on home health agency costs that may be paid under the Medicare program for cost reporting periods beginning on or after October 1, 1998. These limitations replace the limitations that were set forth in our January 2, 1998 notice with comment period (63 FR 89) and our March 31, 1998 final rule with comment period (63 FR 15718).

Budgets↗

PubMed1998

Ryan White Care Act requirement--Secretary's determination on HIV testing of newborns--CDC. Notice and request for comments.

Section 2626 of P.L. 104-146 (42 U.S.C. 300ff-34), the "Ryan White CARE Act Amendments of 1996", includes a requirement for the Secretary of HHS to make a determination whether a set of activities prescribed in section 2627 of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act (42 U.S.C. 300ff-35), have become routine practice in the United states. In making this determination, the Secretary is required to consult with the States and other public or private entities that have knowledge or expertise relevant to the determination. The purpose of this notice is to request comments from States and such other public or private entities with knowledge or expertise relevant to the practice of activities (1) through (4) in section 2627 of the PHS Act (42 U.S.C. 300ff-35). After consideration of comments submitted the CDC will provide a summary of comments received to the Secretary as part of the process leading to the Secretary's determination required by Section 2626 of the PHS Act (42 U.S.C. 300ff-34).

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMed1998

Medicare and Medicaid programs; recognition of the Commission for Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities--HCFA. Notice with comment period.

This notice announces and invites comments on the receipt of an application from the Commission for Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities for recognition as a national accreditation organization with deemed status authority. The Social Security Act requires us to publish this notice in which we identify the national accreditation body making the application, describe the nature of the request, and provide a 30-day public comment period. The intent of this notice is to solicit public comment as to the advisability of recognizing the Commission for Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities as a national accreditation organization with deeming authority to survey and accredit comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities for participation in the Medicare or Medicaid programs.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗

PubMed2001

Rethinking maternal sensitivity: mothers' comments on infants' mental processes predict security of attachment at 12 months.

This study investigated predictors of attachment security in a play context using a sample of 71 mothers and their 6-month-old infants. We sought to rethink the concept of maternal sensitivity by focusing on mothers' ability accurately to read the mental states governing infant behaviour. Five categories were devised to assess this ability, four of which were dependent on maternal responses to infant behaviours, such as object-directed activity. The fifth, mothers' Appropriate minded-related comments, assessed individual differences in mothers' proclivity to comment appropriately on their infants' mental states and processes. Higher scores in this fifth category related to a secure attachment relationship at 12 months. Maternal sensitivity and Appropriate mind-related comments were independent predictors of attachment security at 12 months, respectively accounting for 6.5% and 12.7% of its variance. We suggest that these findings are in line with current theorising on internal working models of attachment, and may help to explain security-related differences in mentalising abilities.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Medicare program; revisions to payment policies under the physician fee schedule for calendar year 2001. Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), HHS. Final rule with comment period.

This final rule with comment period makes several changes affecting Medicare Part B payment. The changes include: refinement of resource-based practice expense relative value units (RVUs); the geographic practice cost indices; resource-based malpractice RVUs; critical care RVUs; care plan oversight and physician certification and recertification for home health services; observation care codes; ocular photodynamic therapy and other ophthalmological treatments; electrical bioimpedance; antigen supply; and the implantation of ventricular assist devices. This rule also addresses the comments received on the May 3, 2000 interim final rule on the supplemental survey criteria and makes modifications to the criteria for data submitted in 2001. Based on public comments we are withdrawing our proposals related to the global period for insertion, removal, and replacement of pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators and low intensity ultrasound. This final rule also discusses or clarifies the payment policy for incomplete medical direction, pulse oximetry services, outpatient therapy supervision, outpatient therapy caps, HCPCS "G" Codes, and the second 5-year refinement of work RVUs for services furnished beginning January 1, 2002. In addition, we are finalizing the calendar year (CY) 2000 interim physician work RVUs and are issuing interim RVUs for new and revised codes for CY 2001. We are making these changes to ensure that our payment systems are updated to reflect changes in medical practice and the relative value of services. This final rule also announces the CY 2001 Medicare physician fee schedule conversion factor under the Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance (Part B) program as required by section 1848(d) of the Social Security Act. The 2001 Medicare physician fee schedule conversion factor is $38.2581.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗

PubMed2001

Medicare program; revisions to payment policies and five-year review of and adjustments to the relative value units under the physician fee schedule for calendar year 2002. Final rule with comment period.

This final rule with comment period makes several changes affecting Medicare Part B payment. The changes affect: refinement of resource-based practice expense relative value units (RVUs); services and supplies incident to a physician's professional service;anesthesia base unit variations;recognition of CPT tracking codes; and nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and clinical nurse specialists performing screening sigmoidoscopies. It also addresses comments received on the June 8, 2001 proposed notice for the 5-year review of work RVUs and finalizes these work RVUs. In addition,we acknowledge comments received on our request for information on our policy for CPT modifier 62 that is used to report the work of co-surgeons. The rule also updates the list of certain services subject to the physician self-referral prohibitions to reflect changes to CPT codes and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes effective January 1, 2002. These refinements and changes will ensure that our payment systems are updated to reflect changes in medical practice and the relative value of services. The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 modernizes the mammography screening benefit and authorizes payment under the physician fee schedule effective January 1, 2002; provides for biennial screening pelvic examinations for certain beneficiaries effective July 1, 2001; provides for annual glaucoma screenings for high-risk beneficiaries effective January 1,2002; expands coverage for screening colonoscopies to all beneficiaries effective July 1, 2001; establishes coverage for medical nutrition therapy services for certain beneficiaries effective January 1, 2002; expands payment for telehealth services effective October 1, 2001; requires certain Indian Health Service providers to be paid for some services under the physician fee schedule effective July 1, 2001; and revises the payment for certain physician pathology services effective January 1, 2001. This final rule will conform our regulations to reflect these statutory provisions. In addition, we are finalizing the calendar year (CY) 2001 interim RVUs and are issuing interim RVUs for new and revised procedure codes for calendar year (CY) 2002. As required by the statute, we are announcing that the physician fee schedule update for CY2002 is -4.8 percent, the initial estimate of the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) for CY 2002 is 5.6 percent, and the conversion factor for CY 2002 is $36.1992.

Fee Schedules↗

PubMed1999

Dental assistants of Indiana: comments from the front lines.

During the summer of 1996, a random sample survey of 1500 Indiana dental assistants licensed in radiology by the Indiana State Board of Health was conducted. Surveys were mailed to participants, and follow-up postcard reminders were sent out a few weeks later. There were 569 surveys returned, representing a 38 percent return rate. Numerical data were coded and entered in an SPSS program, and written comments were analyzed independently by the co-authors. Major demographic data and many categories of open-ended comments are summarized and analyzed in this paper. Results from this survey underscore the necessity for wages being improved in the dental assisting field. Comments underscore the fact that many dental assistants are not satisfied with their jobs and therefore may not be committed to either their careers or their employers. Office climate and relationships with the dentist are also described as being very important.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Medicaid program and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) payment error rate measurement. Interim final rule with comment period.

This interim final rule sets forth the State requirements to provide information to us for purposes of estimating improper payments in Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), as required under the Improper Payments Information Act (IPIA) of 2002. The IPIA requires heads of Federal agencies to annually estimate and report to the Congress these estimates of improper payments for the programs they oversee and, submit a report on actions the agency is taking to reduce erroneous payments. We published a proposed rule on August 27, 2004 to propose that States measure improper payments in Medicaid and SCHIP and report the State-specific error rates to us for purposes of computing the improper payment estimates for these programs. After extensive analysis of the issues related to having States measure improper payments in Medicaid and SCHIP, including public comments on the provisions in the proposed rule, we are revising our proposed approach. Our new approach incorporates commenters' suggestions to engage a Federal contractor by contracting with that entity to complete the data processing and medical reviews and calculate the State-specific error rates. Based on the States' error rates, the contractor also will calculate the improper payment estimates for these programs which will be reported by the Department of Health and Human Services as required by the IPIA. This interim final rule sets out the types of information that States would need to submit to allow CMS to conduct medical and data processing reviews on claims made in the fee-for-service (FFS) setting. CMS will address estimating improper payments for Medicaid managed care and eligibility and SCHIP FFS, managed care and eligibility at a later time. This rule responds to the public comments on the proposed rule, sets forth the requirements for States to assist us and the contractor to produce State-specific error rates in Medicaid and SCHIP which will be used as the basis for a national error rate, and outlines future plans for measuring eligibility, which may include greater State involvement than the level required for the medical and data processing reviews.

Child↗

PubMed1980

Legislative comment: nursing home patients' rights in Massachusetts: current protection and recommendations for improvement.

Several Massachusetts laws, including the recently enacted Patients' Bill of Rights, protect the rights of nursing home patients. Although these laws address many of the problems that such patients face, they do not adequately meet all of the unique needs of this vulnerable group. This Comment discusses safeguards afforded by current Massachusetts law that are particularly important for nursing home patients, and recommends improvements that would secure more adequate protection for their rights. The Comment also analyzes some of Massachusetts law's shortcomings in implementation and enforcement, in forum selection and in limitations on standing, and suggests improvements in these areas. Finally, the Comment proposes the enactment of a comprehensive Bill of Rights for Nursing Home Patients in order to address their unique needs more adequately, and to eliminate the duplicative, vague, and confusing provisions contained in current law.

Aged↗