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PubMedDate not supplied

[Public health professionals' perceptions regarding two dimensions of health promotion: the ecological approach and community participation].

The aim of this paper is to explore public health professionals' perceptions regarding two dimensions of the new health promotion movement: the ecological approach and the principle of community participation. Data were collected by focus-groups of public health professionals (n = 22) in one Public Health Directorate in Québec. Results indicate a fair degree of integration of these two dimensions into the respondents' professional practice. However, limitations related to the work environment and to the theoretical underpinnings of these two components might impede the respondents' ability to integrate them into their practice.

Ecology↗
PubMed1990

Community participation in the control of onchocerciasis in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Human onchocerciasis is reported to occur in all States of the Federal Republic of Nigeria with serious medical, social and economic impact on affected communities. Attempted control schemes have failed because of reinvasion caused by limited area coverage, short duration of the scheme and non-involvement of the affected communities. As the Nigeria National Onchocerciasis Control Programme (NOCP) takes off with baseline data collection, it is essential to point out the need for community participation in the programme. Information obtained from group interviews in 8 villages in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, reveal that ignorance of the cause of onchocerciasis. Location of villages and farms near fast flowing waters and outdoor working habits, have resulted in continued endemicity of the disease in the affected poor farming communities. For successful control of the disease, the communities should be involved in all stages of the control programme. During the preparatory stage, control officials should carry out intensive health education; encourage, and assist in, formation of village health committees (VHC) and selection of village based workers (VBW); and work with the VHC and VBW in developing skeletal control plans and deciding on input from community. During screening for prevalence, communities will, if adequately mobilized, accommodate field workers, act as field guides and interpreters and cooperate despite conflicting religions and traditional beliefs and practices. Before chemical treatment of breeding sites of Simulium, permission will be required from the communities, members of which will, if trained, take part in the exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1999

Community participation in the recruitment and retention of rural doctors: methodological and logistical considerations.

Two Queensland rural communities with histories of poor general practitioner (GP) recruitment and retention participated in a process aimed at developing broadly based community action plans to recruit and retain GPs. Despite their very different physical and social characteristics, the two communities developed many similar objectives and strategies, which had the possibility of being implemented more widely. The community participation process can be both time- and cost-effective if consideration is given to a variety of methodological and logistical issues. The process is a means by which communities, Divisions of General Practice, government, academic institutions and others can work together to recruit and retain medical practitioners.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1998

Eradication of Aedes aegypti from a village in Vietnam, using copepods and community participation.

In northern Vietnam, copepods of the genus Mesocyclops were used for biological control of Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue viruses, by inoculation into wells, large cement tanks, ceramic jars, and other domestic containers that served as Ae. aegypti breeding sites. The use of Mesocyclops was complemented by community participation with respect to recycling to eliminate unused and discarded containers that collected rainwater and provided Ae. aegypti breeding sites that could not be treated effectively with Mesocyclops. Aedes aegypti disappeared from 400 houses of the treated village in August 1994 and has not reappeared, a result of particular significance, because there are virtually no other recorded instances of eradicating this mosquito anywhere in the world during the past 25 years, and certainly not with community-based approaches. When used in combination with community recycling, Mesocyclops is an easy and inexpensive method of Ae. aegypti control that should be effective for many communities in Vietnam and elsewhere.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of residential homelikeness in promoting community participation by adults with mental retardation.

We tested the influence of (1) the homelike appearance of residences, (2) residential staff-members' attitudes about people with mental retardation and (3) Client IQ on the number of activities adults clients with mental retardation conducted in their community. We tested the hypothesis these three variables exerted their influence by promoting positive staff-member interactions with clients. This was assessed by measuring the duration of Staff-initiated Social Interactions with residential clients. In our initial path model, Residential Homelikeness, Positive Staff Attitudes and Client IQ had no significant direct effect on Community Activities. In the final model, however, Residential Homelikeness and Positive Staff Attitudes exerted a statistically significant influence on Staff-initiated Social Interactions with clients, which in turn, exerted a statistically significant influence on Community Activities. This model illustrated: (1) the nearly equal influence of Staff Attitudes and architectural characteristics on Staff-initiated Interactions; and (2) the role of Staff-initiated Interactions in mediating the influence of Residential Homelikeness on community participation by adults with developmental disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A life needs model of pediatric service delivery: services to support community participation and quality of life for children and youth with disabilities.

This article presents a life needs model of pediatric service delivery that is based on the values of the intrinsic worth, dignity, and strengths of individuals. This developmental, socio-ecological model outlines the major types of service delivery needs of children and youth with disabilities, their families, and their communities within three spheres of life (the personal, interpersonal, and external spheres). The model legitimizes the concept of need, emphasizes the values of family-centered services, and recognizes child and family strengths and capacities. We discuss the utility of this transdisciplinary model in guiding pediatric service delivery to meet the long-range goals of community participation and quality of life of children and youth with disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The experience of senior stroke survivors: factors in community participation among wheelchair users.

PURPOSE: This qualitative study investigated the lived experience of senior stroke survivors who used prescribed wheelchairs in their home and community. METHODS: The study involved semi-structured, in-depth interviews that were conducted with 10 participants, aged 70 to 80, who had used a wheelchair for a mean of 5.6 years. All participants used manual wheelchairs and two additionally used a power wheelchair and a scooter. RESULTS: A constant comparative inductive method of analysis of the data yielded several themes which are examined within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework of body functions and structure, activity limitations, participation, and contextual factors. Overall, the wheelchair, manual or power, was an enabler of community participation among the participants. However, the wheelchair's use also created problems, such as limiting destinations and creating increased dependence on others. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: A balance scale model was proposed to facilitate an understanding of how the factors affecting community participation interact in this population. This model can assist occupational therapists who prescribe wheelchairs for stroke clients for use in the community.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

[Primary health care in Thailand with community participation special reference to Japanese assistance].

The international health cooperation of Japan for developing countries has been mostly concentrated on matters such as improvement of hygienic environment, prevention of tropical infectious diseases, establishment of hospitals with modern medical instruments and devices, and dispatch of medical experts. PHC (Primary Health Care) activities based on voluntary participation of local inhabitants in developing countries have been largely neglected. In the field of health and medical care, sufficient effect may not be achieved unless the local health activity is based on voluntary participation of the inhabitants. The introduction of highly advanced modern medical techniques may be beneficial to some of the inhabitants, while most of the local inhabitants may not have the chance to receive such benefits, and additionally it is difficult to propagate modern medical care and technique widely to rural areas in Thailand. In Thailand, PHC activity based on community participation was started in 1985, with the following three items as main themes: (1) Training of Village Health Volunteers (VHV) and Village Health Communicators (VHC), and development of their activities. (2) Establishment and operation of Health Centers. (3) Establishment and operation of Drug Cooperative System (DC). Earlier, as one of PHC activities developed by Japan, "Thailand Local Health Activity Improvement Project" based on the program of Thailand-Japan Partnership was initiated in 1976 in rural areas of Chanthaburi Prefecture. From 1982, third country training programs have been carried out by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Since 10 years have elapsed the initiation of PHC activity in rural areas in Thailand under the cooperation of the Governments of Thailand and Japan, it seems to be time to reconsider and study again how PHC activity should be developed in future based on candid evaluation of achievements and results.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1994

Community participation in malaria surveillance and treatment. III. An evaluation of modifications in the Volunteer Collaborator Network of Guatemala.

In most rural areas of Latin America, malaria surveillance and treatment is carried out by a network of unpaid village malaria workers, known as Volunteer Collaborators, who are trained and supervised by the National Malaria Service. To identify ways in which the performance of these volunteer workers could be improved and to test changes that would make the Volunteer Collaborator Networks (VCNs) a more attractive model for community participation in malaria case detection and treatment in other regions, we tested a series of modifications in the VCN of Guatemala. These modifications included improved methods for selecting, supervising, and evaluating the volunteer workers and for collecting blood smears and reporting results, and the use of volunteer workers, known as Volunteer Medicators, who administered presumptive antimalarial therapy without taking a blood smear. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the modified VCN was also carried out. Two years after the modifications were introduced, Volunteer Collaborators identified nearly twice as high a percentage (33% versus 17%) of patients with suspected malaria in their villages. Delays in examining blood smears were reduced from 23 days to 11 days and delays from blood smear examination to curative treatment were reduced from 21 days to 7 days. The Volunteer Medicators identified and treated only a slightly higher percentage of patients than the Volunteer Collaborators (36% versus 33%). However, the cost of maintaining a network of Volunteer Medicators ($0.61 per patient treated) was much lower than the traditional VCN ($2.45) or the modified VCN ($1.85). Thus, with a few, simple and relatively inexpensive modifications, the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of Volunteer Collaborators can be markedly improved. Additionally, the VCN can be modified to make it a more suitable model for community-based malaria control and surveillance networks in other malarious areas of the world, which differ in terms of their level of endemicity, the goals of the malaria program, or the available health care infrastructure.

Community Health Workers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Community participation. Some perspectives on professional involvement in health programs].

Action Community regarding health is but part of a long-term project started out back in the 1960. As far as Latin America was concerned the so-called experience did not work out; notwithstanding, it has become an Attention-Getter among the countries of the area once again. How so? Because of the Primary-Approach. Understood as an approach based on the global development of society, self-involvement lies at the cornerstone of the whole process. The health section gives full measure of the primary-approach theoretical framework and propose alternatives to get it of the ground. Professionals from the health section aim at "self-involvement" as activity performed willingly. Besides as it were, it should be supervised by experts. Nowadays the venezuelan government promotes action community claiming it will endorse the Primary-Approach on health granted the national health system bill is approved. Amid such context dentistry most meet the challenge of upcoming changes, so must fellow-dentists who, in the end, will dominate center stage. The process must narrow down to actions with will stem from its own dynamics along the way. Needless to say, these actions can not be easily foreseen, let alone do they guarantee success.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1988

Health promotion, education and community participation in the Americas. Reality or myth?

The concepts and understanding of community promotion, education and participation for health have many interpretations and applications in the countries of the Americas. Even though many of the countries have written policies indicating that these are important strategies, very few have developed ways to make them effective and operational. In most cases they are not defined, nor have countries developed concrete objectives and goals. Although the Primary Health Care strategy has been adopted in principle by countries of the Americas, they are encountering serious difficulties in implementing the concept, particularly within large-scale national health programmes. In actuality, the community promotion, education and participation concepts in the health arena are vague and often misunderstood.

Community Health Services↗