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Results for “Comparative Study”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1985

[Ultrasonography and computerized tomography in the determination of the femoral angle of anteversion. Experimental and clinical comparative study].

A comparative study of the femoral neck anteversion angle as determined by ultrasonography and CT was conducted on 40 unpaired dry bone specimens and 5 normal subjects. Since ultrasound cannot penetrate bone, the anterior surface femoral neck orientation was determined and correlated well (r = 0,95) with the corresponding measurements as imaged by CT. However, a weaker correlation (= 0,76) existed between it and the true femoral neck axis, as measured on CT display. The latter is a function of the posterior surface femoral neck orientation as well, since the two femoral surface are rarely parallel, but converge at the femoral shaft. It is concluded that the ultrasonographic modality will overestimate the true femoral neck anteversion beyond the 5-degree error acceptable for clinical purposes.

Femur↗

PubMed1985

(Treatment of sudden deafness: first results of a comparative study).

A comparative study is undertaken in 36 cases of sudden deafness in order to appreciate the efficiency of three therapies: vaso-active drug and steroid administered through continuous perfusions, normovolemic hemodilution, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Groups are homogeneous with respect to age, time elapsed between onset of deafness and treatment, occurrence of vertigo, degree of hearing loss, and audiometric pattern. Results are expressed in terms of pure tone threshold improvement (dB), audiometric ratio recovery taking into account initial hearing loss, and effects upon tinnitus. These data are complemented with electrophysiological measures (click-evoked electrocochleography and auditory brainstem responses). Analysis of variance does not show significant differences among the three procedures. Mechanisms and possible usefulness are discussed, keeping in mind the difficulty of ascertaining the real efficiency of therapies with respect to spontaneous recovery.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1979

Effectiveness of peroral and intranasal immunization of school children with live allantoic influenza vaccine- and comparative study.

A comparative study of two preparations of allantoic live influenza vaccine, one for intranasal and the other for peroral immunization of children of school age, was peformed under conditions of a blind epidemiological trial. Previously obtained data on the safety and high immunogenicity of the intranasal vaccine variant, prepared from extremely attenuated cold-adapted strains, were confirmed. The peroral administration of the live influenza vaccine, in use in the USSR for active immunization of the adult population, also stimulated influenza immunity without producing postvaccinal reactions. Peroral and intranasal immunization with the above variants of live allantoic influenza vaccine markedly lowered in the frequency of influenza disease during an influenza epidemic, the mean index of effectiveness being equal to a factor of 2. Evidence of prospectiveness of influenza prophylaxis among school children was obtained.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1991

Cytokine-associated tissue injury and lethality in mice: a comparative study.

A comparative study was performed to examine the lethal effects of several cytokines injected into mice sensitized with actinomycin D (Act-D). Consistent with published data, human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) (0.2-5 micrograms) caused the death of the animals within 8-12 hr after injection. Human interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (0.6-6 micrograms) known to be induced by TNF-alpha did not show any lethal effects, indicating that TNF-alpha-associated lethality is not mediated by IL-6 or IL-8. Human tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta) (also called lymphotoxin), which shares structural and functional properties with TNF-alpha, was as potent as TNF-alpha in its lethal effects. Murine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (0.04-5 micrograms) was also tested and showed no lethal effects in this model. In addition, a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 163-171 of IL-1 beta, and which has been shown to lack the inflammatory effects of IL-1 beta, also caused no lethality among Act-D sensitized mice. The pretreatment of mice with IL-6, IL-8, or IFN-gamma had no protective effects on TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta-induced lethality in contrast to the protection observed by a pretreatment with TNF-alpha/IL-1 beta themselves or with endotoxin. Histopathologic data showed that severe tissue injury in vital organs is associated with the rapid lethality among sensitized mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

A comparative study of nicardipine and pindolol as second-line treatments in essential hypertension.

A controlled, randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study compared the effects of nicardipine hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) with those of pindolol/HCTZ in treatment of essential hypertension. The study included 43 patients aged 30-64 years with supine diastolic blood pressures between 95 and 125 mmHg at baseline. Patients initially received 50 mg/day HCTZ for 6 weeks and those patients whose diastolic blood pressure remained at or above 90 mmHg at week 6 (n = 29) completed a 6-week comparative phase in which they were given, in addition, either 30 mg nicardipine hydrochloride or 5 mg pindolol three times daily. Nicardipine was more effective than pindolol as a second-line treatment in controlling blood pressure but, because patients who were treated with nicardipine/HCTZ had higher baseline blood pressures, significance was lost when results were adjusted for the baseline blood pressure values. Treatment was described as 'very good' by 71.4% of patients in the nicardipine/HCTZ group and by 53.9% of those in the pindolol/HCTZ group; thus, both second-line antihypertensives were well accepted. Although 45% of patients in of each treatment group reported treatment-related adverse events, none experienced postural hypotension and no adverse event was unexpected.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Iohexol vs. diatrizoate. A comparative study in intravenous urography.

A randomized double-blind study comparing the use of iohexol with diatrizoate in intravenous urography was performed in 435 patients in nine centers. Contrast media were evaluated for safety, incidence of adverse side effects, and efficacy. Multiple hematologic and biochemical parameters were observed, as well as blood pressure and pulse, at intervals before and after injection. Severity, nature, and duration of side effects were recorded together with the attending physician's clinical assessment. Coned radiographs of the kidneys were done immediately after injection and were repeated at 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-minute intervals. Films were evaluated for quality of image. A significantly higher number of excellent studies were obtained with iohexol than with diatrizoate. Remarkably few side effects and adverse reactions reported for iohexol establish the safety and suitability of this nonionic contrast medium for intravenous urography.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The timing of epiphysiodesis. A comparative study between the use of the method of Anderson and Green and the Moseley chart.

This retrospective study compares two groups of patients who underwent an epiphysiodesis for leg length discrepancy. In group A (47 patients) the timing of the epiphysiodesis was calculated using the method of Anderson and Green; in group B (36 patients) the Moseley chart was used. A leg length discrepancy of 1.5 cm or less at maturity was considered a satisfactory result. Group A showed 51% good results, group B 63.9%. In both groups, an important source of the poor results was error in calculation and prediction: 30.4% in group A (or 15% of the total), 61.5% in group B (or 22% of the total). The percentage of patients presenting too late was also considerable and accounted for 34.8% of the poor results in group A and for 23.1% in group B. The unpredictability of growth rate is a lesser problem in group B (15.4% of the poor results) than in group A (30.4%). If the uncontrollable causes of poor results are omitted, only 18% of the poor results in the total group of patients could be accounted for by miscalculation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Comparative studies on immunity to EBV-associated antigens in NPC patients in North America, Tunisia, France and Hong Kong.

This study compared the relative antibody titers to EBV-related antigens in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and controls from a high-incidence (Hong Kong), an intermediate incidence (Tunisia), and two low-incidence (France, North America) areas to determine which of several EBV antibodies best differentiated NPC patients from controls. Antibodies measured include anti-virus capsid antigen (VCA), anti-early antigen (EA), anti-soluble antigen by complement-fixation (CF) and antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity (ADLC). A matched pair analysis showed that significantly more NPC patients had higher VCA and EA but not CF or ADLC antibody titers than their matched cancer controls. The comparison of geometric mean titers between NPC cases and controls was more than seven-fold (816 vs 11.5) for EA antibody and more than three-fold (359.7 vs 95.4) for VCA anti-body (p less than 0.01). A two-fold difference was seen for CF antibody to soluble antigens (27.3 vs 12.9, p less than 0.01) and a three-fold difference (2657.7 vs 870.9, p less than 0.05) was observed for ADLC. Our finding of significant differences between NPC patients from four countries and their matched controls suggest that if EBV is the etiological agent of NPC in Chinese, it is quite likely to cause the majority of NPC cases in other ethnic groups living in other countries as well.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1986

The stuffy nose: a comparative study of two common methods of treatment.

This study compares the efficacy of submucosal diathermy and cryotherapy in the treatment of nasal obstruction caused by engorged inferior turbinates. Subjectively they are equally effective but cryotherapy has the advantage that it can be performed under local anaesthetic and does not require hospitalization. Rhinomanometry suggests that cryotherapy causes more destruction of the submucosal vascular plexus than submucosal diathermy. Scanning electron microscopy 6 weeks postoperatively demonstrates that both treatment modalities cause widespread damage to the mucociliary epithelium.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

A comparative study between the values of lecithin, sphingomyelin, lysolecithin, the L/S index, and the Clements test in amniotic fluid.

The relationship between the concentration of several phospholipids in amniotic fluid and the ocurrence of neonatal RDS was established some years ago. However the methods used for the determination of those substances are sophisticated and time consuming. They require specalized equipment and take at least 2 or 3 hours. CLEMENTS described a semiquantitative method which overcomes these disadvantages. The present study compared the concentration of lecithin, shingomyelin, lysolecithin and the L/S ratio against the results obtained when processing the same samples with the CLEMENTS Test. the results are expressed in mg/100 ml. for the different phospholipids and the test was evaluated as positive, intermediate or negative. a statistically significant correlation has been found between the values of lecithin, lysolecithin and L/S ratio and the results of the CLEMENTS Test, respectively. No correlation could be found with sphingomyelin (Figs. 1-4). It is concluded that the CLEMENTS Test can be a useful tool as a screening test available to any obstetrical centre.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed1989

[Introduction of an enzyme method for determining pyrophosphate in urine--a comparative study between patients with calculi and normal probands].

Interest aroused towards pyrophosphate as a possible inhibitor in calcium oxalate and phosphate lithiasis. A procedure for the quantitative determination of pyrophosphate in urine suitable for use in clinical laboratories is described. The reproducibility of the method was assessed by within-run and between-run reproducibility studies and the accuracy of the method was obtained by determining the amount of pyrophosphate recovered in urine samples. The present study compares the pyrophosphate excretion and concentration between a control group and a calcium oxalate stone former group.

Calcium Oxalate↗

PubMed1986

In vitro metabolism of adrenocortical hormones by mammary glands of lactating rats. A comparative study.

A comparative study was made of the metabolism of tritium-labeled corticosterone, cortisol and aldosterone on incubation with minced mammary glands of lactating rats. The yield of total nonpolar (acylated) radiometabolites was highest for [3H]corticosterone, lowest for [3H]cortisol and intermediate for [3H]aldosterone. Unlike [3H]corticosterone, [3H]aldosterone yielded two 21-acyl derivatives (Metabolites I and II) in comparable amounts. Metabolite I (39%) was identified as [3H]aldosterone 21-oleate by isotope dilution analysis. Metabolite II (54%) could not be identified: it is intermediate in polarity between corticosterone 21-oleate and the less polar, corticosterone 21-stearate, and is distinctly less polar than the 21-palmityl, linoleoyl (and presumably also less polar than the arachidonyl) derivatives of aldosterone. The [3H]cortisol metabolites were not further investigated.

Acetylation↗

PubMed1990

Possibilities in hypopharyngeal reconstruction--comparative study.

A comparative study between three types of hypopharyngeal reconstruction after laryngopharyngectomy is presented by evaluation of the following parameters: complications, duration of hospitalization and postoperative swallowing time. Each group contains the five most recently cases treated at the E.N.T. department of the K.U. Leuven. In recent years, the following types of hypopharyngeal reconstruction were used: the pectoralis major flap, the free radial forearm flap and the revascularized jejunum interposition. For reconstruction of circumferential hypopharyngeal defects after total laryngopharyngectomy, the jejunal graft presents hopeful results.

Forearm↗

PubMed1985

Chemiluminescence of luminol caused by interaction of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome C with cumene hydroperoxide: comparative studies.

A comparative study of the interaction of cumene hydroperoxide with cytochrome P-450LM2 and with cytochrome C has been undertaken using the chemiluminescence method in the presence of luminol. Considerable differences in the mechanisms of action of both hemoproteins have been revealed with various inhibitors of radical stages, i.e. superoxide dismutase, mannitol, sodium azide, and alpha-tocopherol. It is shown that molecular oxygen participates in the process of hemoprotein-catalyzed hydroperoxide oxidation of luminol.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Comparative study on the comparative efficacy of hepatic arterial or portal venous infusion of adriamycin to control hepatic carcinoma growth].

To compare the efficacy of intrahepatic arterial and intraportal venous infusions of anticancer drugs, the following two experiments were performed. 1. Adriamycin (3 mg kg) aqueous solution (ADR) was administered into hepatic artery (HA group) and portal vein (PV group) of a rabbit with 2 cm diameter VX2 liver tumor. The ADR levels of the tumor tended to be about 3-fold higher in HA than in PV group (p less than 0.1) one hour after ADR infusion. No significant difference was seen in the ADR levels of liver, heart, kidney, and bone marrow between the two groups. The ADR concentration ratio of tumor to liver was significantly higher in HA group than in PV group. 2. VX2 tumor cells (1 x 10(7) cells) were transplanted through the portal vein of the rabbit. ADR aqueous solution (1 mg/kg, 5 ml) was infused into the rabbit liver via HA and PV, at 3, 5, and 7 days after tumor inoculation. The rabbits were killed and the livers were excised 21 days after tumor implantation. The number of VX2 tumor nodules on the liver surface was less in HA group than in PV group. These results suggest that hepatic arterial infusion of anticancer drug is more useful to inhibit the growth of liver tumor than portal venous infusion.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

ICMSF methods studies. X. An international comparative study of four media for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in foods.

An international comparative study, undertaken by six laboratories to assess the performance of four selective media commonly used for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in foods, revealed that Baird-Parker agar performed most satisfactorily. There was no significant difference among milk salt, tellurite polymyxin egg yolk, and kalium rhodanid - actidione - natriumazid - eigelb - pyruvat (KRANEP) agars. The type of food examined appeared to influence the performance of the media, but no specific patterns could be determined. Cultures yielding 3+ and 4+ coagulase reactions are most likely to possess thermostable nuclease activity, and are therefore most likely to be S. aureus.

Culture Media↗

PubMed1990

[Therapeutic evaluation of combination therapy using C-425 and antibiotics in severe bacterial infections--a double blind group comparative study. The C-425 Research Group for Infectious Comparative Study].

Clinical usefulness of C-425, a native human immunoglobulin liquid preparation for intravenous injection, was studied in combination with antibiotics in severe bacterial infections in a double blind group comparison using an alkylated human immunoglobulin liquid preparation (Polyglobin, A.gamma G) as a reference drug. The following results were obtained: 1. C-425 or A.gamma G was administered to a total of 117 patients, of whom 89 patients, 45 in C-425 group and 44 in A.gamma G group, were included in the present analysis of efficacy and usefulness. Analysis of safety of the drugs included a total of 113 patients, 58 in C-425 group and 55 in A.gamma G group. 2. Efficacy and usefulness were graded according to a visual analog scale (VAS). 3. Mean efficacy values with standard deviations of VAS value were calculated at 52.0 +/- 34.9 for the C-425 group, and 47.2 +/- 34.8 for the A.gamma G group. The respective medians were 59.0 and 61.0. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed no significant differences between the two groups. When those with VAS values of 50 or above were regarded as cases of effective treatment, the efficacy rates of the two groups were also practically comparable. 4. Side effects were not observed in either drug group. 5. Mean usefulness values with standard deviations were 52.3 +/- 34.9 for the C-425 group, and 47.9 +/- 35.0 for the A.gamma G group. The respective medians were 60.0 and 61.0. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed no significant differences between the two groups. When the cases with VAS values of 50 or above were regarded as cases of useful treatment, there were no significant differences in the utility rates between the two groups. From these results, C-425 was considered to be useful for treating severe bacterial infections when used combined with antibiotics.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Combined enteral-parenteral nutrition versus total parenteral nutrition in brain-injured patients. A comparative study.

A comparative nutritional study in brain-injured patients (BIP) was performed to assess the influence of a combined enteral-parenteral nutrition (CN) and a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on protein catabolism in the early posttraumatic period. 20 male BIP (Glasgow coma scale 5-7) were randomized to one of the two feeding regimes. Nutritional support was based on 150-175% basic energy expenditure. Amino acid intake was 1.4 g/kg/day in the TPN and 2.4 g/kg/day in the CN group. Negative nitrogen balance (NNB) averaged means = 11.3 g/m2/day (SEM = 3.06 g/m2/day) in the TPN group and means = 10.2 g/m2/day (SEM = 2.33 g/m2/day) in the CN group. Between both feeding regimes not statistically significant differences could be observed concerning mortality, N-balance, creatinine and 3-methylhistidine excretions. Protein concentration of the regurgitated gastric fluid was significantly higher in the CN than in the TPN study group. Data imply that both alimentary regimes are of similar value, but BIP with impaired gastric function, such as high tube reflux, are better treated by TPN.

Adolescent↗