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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Anti-sperm and anti-ovum vaccines: the selection of candidate antigens and the outcome of preclinical studies.

A clear conceptual basis for anti-sperm and other modes of immunological birth control exists in spite of the limited basic research done on surface antigens of sperm or egg. In the normal physiological condition, the immune system does not respond to sperm, egg or fetus. Compared with anti-egg or anti-fetus immunocontraception, an anti-sperm vaccine has two theoretical advantages. First it would work in both males and females; second, it would not raise problems of autoimmunity in the female if a sperm-specific protein is used. However, for the development of such contraceptive vaccines the following scientific questions need to be resolved: (1) what surface protein to use as an antigen; (2) what adjuvant to use in humans for an anti-fertility vaccine; (3) how to maintain a high titre; (4) how the contraceptive effect will be terminated; and (5) what are the potential side-effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunological status of women with prolonged oral contraceptives and occurrence of giardiasis.

Immunological status of 14 women taking oral contraceptive for prolonged period (more than 6 months, low dose pill) was studied. Phytohaemagglutinin induced lymphocytes stimulation (PILT) was found to be significantly depressed in these subjects though T-lymphocyte subpopulation was found to be normal. Serum IgA and IgG levels in these cases were found to be normal but IgM level was increased. Though incidence of G lamblia infection was reported to be high in immunocompromised subjects, it was found only one out of 14 subjects taking oral contraceptive harboured the protozoa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Current trends in antifertility vaccine research.

We review the major advances that have recently occurred in the area of antifertility vaccines by examining the immunogenic potential of gamete, embryonic and placental antigens. In human trials using beta-human chorionic gonadotropin coupled with tetanus toxoid as the immunogen, the major problems with antifertility vaccines relate to specificity and maintaining an adequate antibody titer to disrupt gestation. Possible complications include cross-reaction with other body tissues, immune complex deposition, cytotoxicity, impaired immunologic tumor surveillance and nonreversibility.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

Antigenic cross-reactivity between human and marmoset zonase pellucidae, a potential target for immunocontraception.

Cross-reactivity between marmoset, chimpanzee, human and pig zona pellucida antigens was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and zona precipitation. In marmosets, anti-zona antibody prevented sperm attachment to eggs in vitro, and the antibody could be detected on zonae of ovarian oocytes following passive immunization. Use of the marmoset as an animal model in testing feasibility of the zona approach to immunocontraception is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Immunologic responses and adverse reactions to Freund's-adjuvanted porcine zona pellucida immuno-contraceptives in domestic cats.

A vaccine of native PZP with Freund's adjuvant has been widely used in zoo and wild ungulates, but safety in felids has not been evaluated. General health, immune response, and ovarian histology were assessed in five domestic cats vaccinated with PZP-Freund's and five cats given Freund's adjuvant alone. Peak antibody titers occurred 3 weeks after the third vaccination, and no ovarian lesions were present 6 months after vaccination. Seven cats developed extensive granulomatous reactions at injection sites, lymph nodes, and multiple visceral organs including lungs and brain. Persistent hypercalcemia and compromised renal function occurred in three cats with elevated serum calcitriol of probable macrophage origin. One cat died from an injection site sarcoma. Because of these severe adverse reactions, Freund's adjuvant is contraindicated in cats, and other adjuvants for PZP vaccines should be tested in cats for adverse reactions before use.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Zona pellucida: current status as a candidate antigen for contraceptive vaccine development.

The porcine zona pellucida represents a unique immunocontraceptive target antigen. Initial active immunization studies using crude or partially purified zona components as immunogens resulted in adverse, nonreversible effects on ovarian folliculogenesis, but more recent findings in nonhuman primates indicate that such effects are not as severe and are reversible. Consequently, current efforts are directed toward identifying a zona immunogen that elicits contraceptive antibodies that produce no adverse effects on the ovary. Other studies are in progress to determine optimal injection/immunization format, proper immunogen dosage, and appropriate adjuvant for use in the zona-antizona immunocontraceptive system. Recent data have been very encouraging and emphasize the contraceptive efficacy of this approach to reproduction control.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Immunological control of male fertility.

A notable feature of the male gametes is the presence in them of proteins that are "foreign" to the immune system of both male and the female. It is there that are considered responsible for the elicitation of auto- and iso-antibodies in certain natural infertility cases. By virtue of their dual application in both sexes the sperm antigens have interesting potential for exploration as possible agents for control of fertility.

Animals↗