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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[2 patients with diarrhea caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis following a trip to the tropics].

A 58-year-old man and his 60-year-old wife returned from a journey through Indonesia with complaints of persisting diarrhoea. In the stools of both patients we found oocysts of the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. We treated them with co-trimoxazole which resulted in fast clinical improvement. An infection with the parasite C. cayetanensis should be considered in travellers returning from tropical countries with persisting diarrhoea. Despite the self-limiting nature of the infection treatment with co-trimoxazole 960 mg 2 dd for 7 days may be considered in cases with a protracted course.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclospora species--a cause of diarrhoea among Irish travellers to Asia.

We report three cases of travellers' diarrhoea caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis. These demonstrate the importance of cyclosporiasis as a cause of diarrhoea in Irish travellers to Nepal and Pakistan and its effective treatment with co-trimoxazole. Laboratory staff must measure the size of oocysts in stool samples to properly identify this protozoan.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gut Coccidia--Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Sarcocystis.

The gut Coccidia are members of a large, varied, and exclusively intracellular group of protozoan parasites, four species of which (Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Sarcocystis) are human pathogens. The first three, but particularly Cryptosporidium parvum, have moved from medical curiosities to major problems with the coming of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, but are now known to also cause disease in the immunocompetent patient. They are easy to acquire and difficult to remove from the environment and, in the case of cryptosporidiosis, impossible to treat properly. Further research into many aspects of the biology of these organisms is urgently needed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Outbreaks of pseudo-infection with Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium--Florida and New York City, 1995.

Efforts to expand the scope of surveillance and diagnostic testing for emerging infectious diseases also may increase the potential for identifying pseudo-outbreaks (i.e., increases in incidence that may result from enhanced surveillance) and outbreaks of pseudo-infection (i.e., clusters of false-positives for infection). This report describes the investigations of outbreaks of pseudo-infection with Cyclospora in Florida and Cryptosporidium in New York City in 1995 after health departments in those jurisdictions had initiated surveillance for these emerging organisms. These investigations emphasize 1) the need for laboratory training in the identification of emerging pathogens and 2) the importance of confirmation by reference laboratories as an early step in the investigation of any apparent outbreak caused by an emerging pathogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cyclospora: a newly identified protozoan pathogen of man.

A newly recognized protozoan human parasite, Cyclospora spp. has been incriminated as the cause of prolonged diarrhoea. It has been isolated from children, immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults. One hundred and thirty immunocompetent patients, 80 children and 50 adults; their illness was characterized by prolonged watery diarrhoea, were enrolled in this study. Stool sediments were examined as wet mounts and stained by both, modified Ziehl-Neelsen and aniline carbol methyl violet stains. The protozoan pathogen was identified as spherical bodies measuring 9-10 microns in diameter in about 9% and 10% in both children and adult groups respectively. The mean duration of illness was 28 +/- 8 and 37 +/- 12 days and the frequency of stool motions was > 5/day with normal mucosal pattern on colonoscopic studies for adults group. It is concluded from the present study that cyclosporiosis is quite similar to cryptosporidiosis and both oocysts have the affinty to acid fast stain so the present recommendations for all laboratories screening stool for cryptosporidia should measure the oocyst to distinguish between these different parasites and there is obviously a great deal more to learn about this emerging protozoon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Newly established causes of diarrhea: the protozoan Cyclospora cayetanensis (Coccidia, Apicomplexa)].

UNLABELLED: Coccidia Cyclospora cavetanesis has been considered a saprophytic or accidental infection without special medical significance until 1984. However, epidemics of diarrhea first in Peru and later in USA. Haiti and Nepal have aroused interest in pathogenic characteristics of this parasite and diseases it causes. The study first deals with biological cycle of parasite development as well as clinical picture and treatment, diagnostics and epidemiology of this parasitic disease. CLINICAL PICTURE: On average the incubation period was 2-11 days with frequent stools (3 or more times a day) without blood or mucus and with tendency for recurrence. The prodromal phase is similar to influenza. It may last several weeks especially in immunodeficient persons (especially patients with AIDS). Trimethoprim (160 mg) and sulfamethoxazole (800 mg) is the treatment of choice, twice a day during a 7 day period, whereas in immunodeficient patients greater doses are necessary during a few weeks, but in such cases individual treatment planning is required. Laboratory diagnosis is made on the basis of microscopic examination of native preparation from the stool, especially if stool concentration procedure is used due to small number of oocysts in the stool. As this method does not provide identification of species, numerous staining methods are recommended (modified Ziehl-Neelsen method, Carbol-Fuchsin and safranine). Epidemiology is still unclear. It is considered that there are two sources of infection: contaminated drinking water and fruits. The disease has a seasonal character and the highest incidence is recorded in late spring and summer months. The infection is caused only by sporozoites developed by sporulation of oocysts under environmental conditions excluding the possibility of direct transmission from one person to another. It is to be expected that further investigations will give answers to numerous questions still open.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2002

Cyclospora cayetanesis.

The novelty of C cayetanensis has led to some misconceptions about how best to detect its presence in stool examinations. Some reports have implied that the organism can only be seen on stained specimens, which is not true. The unstained organism can easily be identified by its characteristic size and internal structures. However, not doing a concentration procedure can reduce the chances of detecting C cayentanensis by up to 40%. Finally, there have been false positive reports of C cayetanensis when stained artifacts were mistaken for the real organism. The best way to become comfortable with the laboratory diagnosis of C cayentanensis is to obtain some known positive samples and practice identifying the oocysts using a variety of methods. The clinical syndrome associated with C cayentanensis is recognizable. The patient will usually have prominent anorexia, fatigue, nausea, and gas. Diarrhea, after the initial severe bout, is often intermittent, and submitted specimens may be formed despite a persistent feeling of being unwell.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Emerging pathogen Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Nepal.

Cylospora cayetanensis, an emerging parasitic pathogen of human is being increasingly recognized throughout the world, however the means of transmission and the possibility of a reservoir host remain an enigma. A longitudinal study on cyclosporiasis in different parts of Nepal was carried out from April, 1995 until November, 2000. Fecal specimens were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The data shows a distinct seasonality with the highest infection rates occurring during the summer and rainy season of the year. Attempts have been made to determine the sources of infection and possible reservoir hosts. Stools were examined from nearly 700 animals such as chickens, pigs, buffalos, cows, dogs, cats, monkeys, rats, mice and pigeons. In addition, vegetable farms around the Kathmandu Valley were examined during the seasonal high and low periods of transmission. C. cayetanensis-like oocysts were found in sewage water and from vegetable washings on five occasions during June, July, August, October, and November. Similarly, C. cayetanensis-like oocysts were recovered from mice, rats, chickens, and dogs. These results suggest that these sources may be important in the transmission of this parasitosis. However, further studies will be required to obtain definitive answers on transmission.

Adolescent↗