SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “DERMATITIS, ATOPIC”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

[Effects of sedative odorant inhalation on patients with atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been clinically well-known to be frequently exacerbated by psychological and physiological stress. In this study, we examined effects of sedative odorant (modified valerian oil) inhalation on patients with AD. We investigated clinical scores, skin physiological parameters and psychological questionnaire (POMS) every 2 weeks. For first 2 weeks, we arranged non-inhalation period. Results for non-inhalation period were compared with these of 2- or 4-week inhalation. As results, sum of skin clinical scores significantly improved after odorant inhalation. Some patients improved for non-inhalation period, too. However, patients that had not improved for non-inhalation period significantly improved after odorant inhalation. Skin conductance and skin dryness/scaling score also improved after odorant inhalation without improving for non-inhalation period. Psychological parameter (POMS) also tended to improve after odorant inhalation. These results suggest that sedative odorants may be useful as a complementary therapy for AD through psychosomatic stress care.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed2003

An overview of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease, characterized by marked pruritus, which typically assumes a chronically relapsing course. Although AD is primarily a childhood disease, 60% to 70% of adults with AD suffer from hand eczema. Caring for patients with AD is time consuming and difficult. Patients and parents need proper education and detailed instructions from nurses and physicians to avoid flares and complications. Recognizing signs of infection and beginning appropriate treatment for them are important. Instruction on corticosteroid therapy as well as use of topical immunomodulators is crucial to effective acute and long-term management of AD.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Advances in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic, chronic, and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder affecting 10-20% of children worldwide. During the past year there have been significant advances in our understanding of the cellular and immunologic mechanisms underlying AD as well as the immunologic triggers involved in its pathogenesis. The introduction of a new class of topical anti-inflammatory medications, topical calcineurin inhibitors, has significantly increased our treatment options and led to the rethinking of potential management approaches in AD.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗

PubMed2005

[Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis due to the activation ofT-cell lymphocytes specific to protein antigens in the skin. The AD antigens come from molecules in the environment (extrinsic AD allergens associated with hyper IgE levels) or from self antigens (intrinsic AD autoantigens). The physiopathology of AD implies dendritic cells, specific T-cell lymphocytes, a network of type 1 and 2 cytokines and inflammatory chemokines. Extrinsic AD is the best known because of the existence of animal models and skin tests with allergens in humans (atopy patch tests), which reproduce eczema lesions. Although the role of the penetration of pneumo-allergens, prompted by abnormalities in the skin barrier, in inducing AD flares is established, recent works suggest that other types of allergens (trophallergens) and/or proteins derived from micro-organisms may be responsible in some patients. The ongoing studies on animal models of AD will no doubt permit rapid progression in our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the origin of the disease and the reasons for its progressive increase in frequency.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Methotrexate for the treatment of adult atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mediated by allergen-specific T cells which are recruited and activated in lesional skin. Methotrexate (MTX) is an old systemic agent used at low dosage for the treatment of psoriasis, another T cell-mediated skin disorder. Since MTX has been shown to improve the clinical symptoms of eczema in a model of antigen-specific dermatitis in mice, we postulated that it could be an effective treatment of AD. In the present open retrospective study, we report our results on the treatment of moderate to severe AD by MTX. Twenty patients (17 to 68-years-old) with low responses to routine therapies were treated (three months to 2 1/2 years) with a weekly dose of MTX ranging from 7.5 to 25 mg. The evaluation was made on physician's global assessment after 3 months of MTX use, and showed that 75% (15/20) of patients improved after 3 months of MTX use, among which 13/20 with an improvement>70%. The beginning of improvement was observed between the fourth and the eighth week after MTX was initiated. Tolerance was good. However, nausea and increase of liver enzymes were observed in 5 patients and required discontinuation of MTX in 2 patients. In conclusion, MTX seems to be an effective and safe treatment of AD. Placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our observations and to define more precisely the effectiveness and safety of MTX in adult AD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Benefits of mild cleansing: synthetic surfactant based (syndet) bars for patients with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurring inflammatory skin disease, characterized by marked pruritus, which usually develops in early childhood. AD is associated with a wide array of symptoms, including itching, dryness, erythema, crusted lesions, and superficial inflammation. Topical steroid cream or ointment with proper washing is a primary treatment approach for AD. Nonsoap-based personal washing or syndet bars containing synthetic detergents or surfactants are milder than soaps; thus, they are widely used by patients with a variety of skin conditions, including AD. The primary goals of this study were to determine the compatibility of syndet bar use with the therapy of AD and the potential benefits of syndet bars compared with subjects' usual cleansing products, mostly soap bars. In this evaluation, 50 subjects (14 subjects were aged < or =15 years) with mild AD on a stable treatment regimen were recruited and asked to use 1 of 2 syndet bars as part of their normal shower routine for 28 days. The severity of eczematous lesions, skin condition (dryness, erythema, texture), and hydration were evaluated at baseline and after 28 days of syndet application by investigators and subjects. Syndet bar use reduced the severity of eczematous lesions, improved skin condition, and maintained hydration. Overall, the results of this study indicate that syndet formulations are compatible with the therapy of AD.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1991

[New aspects of UV-therapy of atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a familial inflammatory skin disease characterized by a typical morphology and distribution and a chronically relapsing course with frequent periods of exacerbation. The management of AD is primarily directed towards symptomatic relief, and treatment decisions depend on cutaneous symptoms at any given time. During periods of acute exacerbation, therapy consists almost exclusively in topical or even systemic corticosteroid therapy. Since long-term corticosteroid therapy is known to have a variety of side-effects, it is important to develop alternative modalities for treatment of AD, such as phototherapy with ultraviolet radiation (PUVA, UV-B, UV-A-B). The major disadvantages of PUVA therapy are the relatively high number of treatments required for healing, the high frequency of rebound phenomena, and as a long-term effect, the potentially increased risk of skin cancer. In contrast, UV-B/UV-A-B therapy is not associated with any major side-effects, but its beneficial effects are clearly limited and usually require several weeks of treatment. Therefore, UV-B/UV-A-B therapy is mostly used in combination with corticosteroids for the treatment of acute AD to increase the therapeutic effectiveness. Very recent data indicate that a monotherapy with pure UV-A (340-440 nm) light, if applied in higher doses (15 x 130 J/m2; High-Dose UV-A1), is very effective in the treatment of patients with acute AD. Examination of the photoimmunological events underlying the observed therapeutic effectiveness of High-Dose-UV-A1 therapy may help us to understand the pathophysiological events relevant for AD.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗

PubMed1989

[The role of the T-lymphocyte in atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (AD) comprises a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, among which dermatitis is the most prominent feature. Recent finding that Langerhans cells bind IgE molecules via Fc receptors brought new insight into the pathogenesis of dermatitis lesions in AD. Langerhans cells from AD patients can present environmental allergens to T cells, both in vivo and in vitro, because they can bind allergens through IgE. Alternatively, Langerhans cells from normal individuals do not bind IgE molecules and are ineffective in stimulation of allergen specific T cells. Thus, the dermatitis lesion in AD seem to be due to an IgE-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity mechanism.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗

PubMed1981

Frequency of cataract in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic cataract (AC) has been reported to occur as many as one patient in every five with atopic dermatitis (AD). The lenticular opacities may rapidly lead to blindness. To establish whether in Denmark screening of AD patients is justified especially for AC, 51 such patients underwent ophthalmological examination. None of them were found to have AC. Although the study does not exclude a certain incidence of AC, there is nothing to indicate that routine ophthalmological examination of patients with AD is required.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Ocular complications of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease associated with other allergic diatheses. Ocular complications were seen in 85 (42.5%) of 200 patients. Blepharoconjunctivitis, cataracts, corneal disease and ocular herpes simplex were frequent. Cataract surgery was usually successful, but there were complications of such surgery. The rate of success in attempts to wear contact lenses was surprisingly high for both phakic and aphakic patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Human recombinant interferon gamma in the treatment of atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing skin disease characterized by various immunologic abnormalities. We have studied the efficacy of recombinant human interferon gamma (rhINF-gamma) administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.05 mg/m2 in ten patients with severe AD. Patients were treated for 4 weeks. They have shown marked clinical improvement starting from the third week of treatment. The efficacy of the drug varied, with erythema, dryness and lichenification being the most responsive symptoms. There was no change in serum immunoglobulin E and IgG4 levels. Whole blood eosinophil count decreased only transiently and was accompanied by a tendency to lower values of serum eosinophil cationic protein. Patient with AD showed an increased expression of a T-cell surface activation marker CD 25 as compared to healthy controls. Moreover, clinical improvement was roughly paralleled by the decrease in this T-cell activation marker. We conclude that rhINF-gamma is a novel efficacious therapeutic approach in severe AD. We suggest that its primary action might be related to the inhibition of T-cell activation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Down-regulating effects of IL-4 and IL-10 on the IFN-gamma response in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic allergic disease associated with toxin (superantigen)-producing Staphylococcus aureus skin infections, impaired delayed hypersensitivity responses, and the expansion of IL-4-secreting Th2 cells, as well as diminished IFN-gamma synthesis. IL-12 is known to induce IFN-gamma synthesis and to augment Th1 responses. In this study, therefore, we examined the potential role of IL-12 in the immunopathogenesis of AD. We show that, after stimulation with staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) or IL-12, PBMC from patients with AD are deficient in their ability to produce IFN-gamma. PBMC from AD patients, however, produced normal quantities of IL-12 and expressed normal levels of IL-12R. Induction of IFN-gamma by TSST-1 was decreased by neutralizing anti-IL-12 Ab in normal donors, but not in AD patients. The latter observation is consistent with a defective response to IL-12 in AD PBMC. Because AD is associated with increased production of IL-4 and IL-10, we examined the effect of IL-4 on IL-12- or TSST-1-induced IFN-gamma production in normal donors. IL-4 inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, Ab neutralization of IL-4 caused increased production of IFN-gamma in AD PBMC. However, neutralization of IL-10 activity caused an even greater augmentation of IFN-gamma production. Our data suggest that despite normal levels of IL-12 production and IL-12R expression, PBMC from AD patients are unable to generate normal IL-12-induced IFN-gamma responses. This defective response may be due to the excess production of IL-4 and IL-10 in this common allergic condition.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial skin disease with a chronic or a chronic-relapsing course which often starts during infancy. The persistence rate of AD after the puberty is certainly higher than mostly assumed. 60% of the patients also develop respiratory atopies as hay fever or bronchial asthma. The etiology of this distressing skin condition is still obscure, but an immunological disturbance of the T-cell immune response is most probably implicated in its pathogenesis. The demonstration of IgE-bearing epidermal Langerhans cells with high-affinity receptors for IgE opens up new perspectives in its pathophysiology. As no efficient treatment of AD is known and a symptomatic treatment, local with emolients, corticosteroids and/or disinfectants as well as internal with antihistamines, is often difficult and unsatisfactory, prevention is of particular importance. The efficacy of prolonged breast-feeding, a strict prohibition of cow milk, egg, fish--during the first six months of life--and of keeping pets as well as a consequent treatment against house-dust mites can reduce the incidence of AD in 'at risk' children with a family history of atopy. Besides symptomatic treatment a substitution of essential fatty acids, a UV therapy and a climate therapy are other possible approaches in the management of such patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of food allergy caused by fruit and vegetables in children with atopic dermatitis].

Atopic dermatitis (A.D.) is a frequent, complex and multifactorial disease: Food Allergy (F.A.), probably underestimated, especially for fruits and vegetables, seems to play an important pathogenetic role in children. The purpose of this study is to estimate, on a sample of children with A.D., the prevalence of F.A. (for fruits and vegetables), and the reliability of diagnosis of Prick+Prick test compared with the usual Prick test, RAST and challenge. Twentysix patients (17 M and 9 F), ranging in age from 5 months to 8 years, were enrolled in the study. All fulfilled the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka for the diagnosis of A.D. Food RAST, prick tests with inhalant and food extracts and Prick+Prick tests with fresh fruits and vegetables were carried out. In the case of positive result to fruits and vegetables with skin tests and/or RAST, open challenge for every type of food considered responsible was carried out, after healing or improvement of dermatitis. Three children (11.53%) suffered from F.A. for fruits and vegetables: allergy to celery of one patient was discovered only by usual Prick test; allergy to tomato and kiwi in another patient was spotted by Prick+Prick only; while in another case by both tests. In this last patient Prick+Prick test revealed a real allergy for 5 aliments (carrot, tomato, celery, cucumber, fennel) of which only 2 (carrot and celery) also caused a reaction with the Prick test. The combined use of both tests made it possible to increase the diagnosis of F.A. both for the number of patients and for a complete identification of implicated foods.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1998

Promoting health in children with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), or eczema, can be a very challenging disease to manage. The etiology of the disease is not completely understood, and its incidence has risen in the past 10 years to more than 10% of the population. AD is characterized primarily by intense itching and the development of papules, scaly lesions, fissures, and crusting. The onset occurs primarily in childhood, and much of the disease management is conducted by the family. Patients and their families often experience multiple recurrences and exacerbations, repeated attempts at cures and treatments, lowered self-esteem of the child, impaired growth and development of the child, loss of sleep, discipline problems, and multiple clinic and emergency department visits for exacerbations. Management primarily consists of prevention (i.e., good daily skin care and management of environmental trigger factors such as infection, irritants, emotional stress, and allergens). These children and their families need education and the support of health care professionals. This article outlines specific techniques to help parents and children manage AD at home and minimize exacerbations.

Child↗

PubMed1992

Lesional elastase activity in psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Human leukocyte elastase (HLE) is a broad spectrum serine protease derived from neutrophils and macrophages. We developed an assay to determine HLE activity on the skin surface in patients with inflammatory skin diseases. HLE activity was absent in the skin of healthy controls. A massive increase of HLE activity was found in lesional skin of psoriasis (31 times), allergic contact dermatitis (55 times), and atopic dermatitis (35 times), but not in uninvolved skin of diseased patients. Therefore, this assay appears to represent a useful biochemical marker of epidermal inflammation. The presence of proteolytically active HLE in diseased epidermis, which is known to contain specific inhibitors of this enzyme, suggests a pathophysiologic role of this enzymatic activity in psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Allergen specificity and endothelial transmigration of T cells in allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis are associated with the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen.

Recent investigations have indicated a role for antigen-specific T lymphocytes in the local skin immunity. The cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) is supposed to represent a skin-homing receptor for T cells. Inhibition experiments with specific monoclonal antibody demonstrate that CLA participates in selective transendothelial migration of memory/effector T cells in vitro by interaction with E-selectin on endothelial cell layers after activation with proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, the receptor-ligand pairs VLA-4/VCAM-1 and LFA-1/ICAM-1 are involved in this process. Moreover, only CLA+, CD45RO+ (memory/effector) T cells freshly isolated from peripheral blood of patients with allergic contact dermatitis or atopic dermatitis specifically proliferate in response to the respective allergen. CLA-, CD45RO- T cells from these patients do not respond to the allergens. In contrast, memory T cells from asthmatic individuals and patients with both asthma and atopic dermatitis express the allergen specificity in both T cell subsets. Tetanus toxoid, a systemically acting antigen, also induces a proliferative response in both CLA+ and CLA- memory/effector T cell subsets. These results strongly support the selective role of CLA in homing T cells to the cutaneous tissues and therefore playing a role in the local immunity and inflammatory reactions of the skin.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The role of microorganisms in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, fluctuating skin disease that is often associated with atopic conditions such as asthma and IgE-mediated food allergy and whose skin lesions are characterized by a Th-2 cell-mediated response to environmental antigens. The increasing prevalence and severity of atopic diseases including AD over the last three decades has been attributed to decreased exposure to microorganisms during early life, which may result in an altered Th-1/Th-2-balance and/or reduced T cell regulation of the immune response. Patients with AD exhibit defects in innate and acquired immune responses resulting in a heightened susceptibility to bacterial, fungal and viral infections, most notably colonization by S. aureus. Toxins produced by S. aureus exacerbate disease activity by both the induction of toxin-specific IgE and the activation of various cell types including Th-2 cells, eosinophils and keratinocytes. Allergens expressed by the yeast Malazessia furfur, a component of normal skin flora, have also been implicated in disease pathogenesis in a subset of AD patients. Microorganisms play an influential role in AD pathogenesis, interacting with disease susceptibility genes to cause initiation and/or exacerbation of disease activity.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗