SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “DEXTROMORAMIDE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[The E.E.G. during althesin anaesthesia in paediatrics (preliminary study) (author's transl)].

The authors studied 11 children (mean age 5 1/2 years) before and during anaesthesia, and then several times from 1 to 6 hours after the injection of althesin. The anaesthetic agent was either pure althesin or althesin combined with dextromoramide. The electroclinical correlations described for adults are also found in children: slow waves, discontinuous and then isoelectric recording during the operation stage, then rapid recovery after ending drug administration. The special interest of this study was the analysis of E.E.G. recordings during the hours following clinical recovery: only once was the recording like that of full consciousness. Repeated recordings were all of drowsiness and even sleep, despite the clinical state of the subject. A short associated study concerns the E.E.G. of neonates during their first 24 hours, born to mothers anaesthetised with alfathesin.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗

PubMed1992

[Effect of hygrophobic filter or heated humidifier on peroperative hypothermia].

A study was carried out to find out whether the use of a hygrophobic filter (Pall, Ultipor) or of a heated humidifier (Dräger, Aquapor) during surgery had any effect on a patient's intraoperative core temperature and thermal balance. Seventy-five ASA I or II patients scheduled for gynaecological surgery were randomly assigned to three groups: group A (n = 25), where no warming device was used; and two groups (n = 25 for each) where inhaled gases were humidified and heated with either a hygrophobic filter set up between the endotracheal tube and the Y-piece (group B) or a heated humidifier set to 100% saturation at a temperature of 41.5 degrees C (group C). The patients were all anaesthetised with the same technique (thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1, dextromoramide 0.03 mg.kg-1 and 0.1 mg.kg-1 of either pancuronium or vecuronium, followed by enflurane with nitrous oxide in oxygen); the perfused fluids were not heated. Room, tympanic, rectal, oesophageal and four skin (thorax, arm, leg, thigh) temperatures were measured with calibrated Exacon thermistances, on arrival in the operating theatre, during induction, every ten minutes for two hours, and then every twenty minutes for two hours more. Ramanathan's and Burton's formulae were used to calculate mean skin temperature and heat loss respectively. In the recovery room, patients were warmed up with an electric blanket. Shivering was ranked from "0" to "+ +". There were no differences between groups as far as age, drug doses, perfusion volumes and room temperature were concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗

PubMed1987

[Anesthesia for arthroscopy of the knee: propofol versus thiopental and halothane].

Sixty ASA I or II patients, who underwent general anaesthesia for arthroscopy of the knee, were separated into two groups. Induction was performed either with thiopentone 7 mg . kg-1 (group I) or with propofol 2.5 mg . kg-1 (group II). All patients were intubated and ventilated. Dextromoramide was used as analgesic. Maintenance of anaesthesia was obtained with halothane inhalation (group I) or by continuous automatic injection of propofol at a dose of 9 mg . kg-1 . h-1 (group II). Induction and maintenance were satisfactory in both groups. Pulse rate was stable at induction and intubation for the propofol group, whereas it increased at both stages of anaesthesia with thiopentone; it fell moderately in both groups afterwards. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures dropped more in the propofol group after induction, with a maximum decrease of 20%. Recovery was significantly more rapid and comfortable with propofol than with thiopentone.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Comparative repercussions of general and spinal anesthesia on the psychological functions of the aged subject].

Although worsening cerebral function in the elderly is often said to be due to anaesthesia, it still remains to be proved that anesthesia acts on an elderly patient's psychological make-up. This study aimed to compare the psychological effects of general or spinal anaesthesia on 35 patients more than 70-yr old under repair of a subcapital femoral fracture, after having excluded 63 patients. They were randomly divided into two groups, the first receiving a spinal anaesthetic with 1.5 mg.kg-1 prilocaine (RA; n = 19), and the others a general anaesthetic with 5 mg.kg-1 thiopentone, dextromoramide, nitrous oxide and enflurane (GA; n = 16). None of the patients wer given a premedication. They underwent a battery of six psychological tests before and 36 h after surgery, all carried out by the same physician. Six patients in GA group and three in RA group developed a transient fall in mean blood pressure just after anaesthetic induction (not significant). There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex distribution, ASA class and performance in the tests, both before and after surgery. Individual psychological scores did not differ either. In the RA group, the postoperative tests were even better carried out than before surgery (p less than 0.05). It could therefore be concluded that anaesthesia alone has little impact on the psychological status of elderly patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Continuous propofol infusion versus enflurane in children operated on for strabismus. Comparison of the quality of anesthesia and recovery conditions].

In children, the use of a continuous infusion of propofol has not yet been reported. A study was therefore designed to compare the characteristics of anaesthesia and recovery when either propofol or enflurance was used as the main anaesthetic agent. All 42 children (14 girls, 28 boys), ASA I and scheduled for corrective squint surgery under general anaesthesia, received 350 micrograms.kg-1 midazolam and 40 micrograms.kg-1 atropine intrarectally 20 min before induction, which was carried out with 3 mg.kg-1 propofol intravenously in 20 s. The patients were then randomly assigned to two groups, according to the drug used for maintenance: group P (n = 21) received a continuous intravenous infusion of propofol, 18 mg.kg-1.h-1 for the first 30 min and 15 mg.kg-1.h-1 thereafter; group E (n = 21) received 2.5%, then, after 30 min, 2% enflurane. Both groups were given 15 micrograms.kg-1 dextromoramide and 0.09 mg.kg-1 vecuronium. During anaesthesia, the following parameters were monitored: systolic (Pasys), diastolic (Padia) and mean arterial (Pa) pressures, heart rate (fc), the presence or not of an oculocardiac reflex with or without a 20% fall in fc which responded to 10-15 micrograms.kg-1 atropine, the appearance of a cardiac dysrhythmia, duration of anaesthesia and the delay before extubation. Recovery was assessed 1, 2, 4 and 6 h postoperatively by using both clinical and psychomotor criteria, the latter being adapted to children having one or both eyes occluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗

PubMed1998

Changes in opiate treatment during attendance at a community drug service--findings from a clinical audit.

To evaluate use of methadone and dihydrocodeine prescription in a group of opiate-dependent patients attending a community/general practice drugs project data were recorded at enrollment in 1990 and at the beginning of 1995. Two hundred individuals were included, of whom 85% were receiving a prescription for an opiate and/or a benzodiazepine. There were no major differences between the groups receiving methadone and dihydrocodeine and retention in treatment, death rate and behaviour change was similar in both groups. Trends during the study period included an increase in methadone prescribing and towards longer-acting benzodiazepines. The slightly different effects of dihydrocodeine compared to methadone made it the opiate of choice for many and may indicate a useful addition to the longer-acting methadone. This may make it an alternative to the current experimenting with heroin, dextromoramide (palfium) and injectable methadone for opiate users resistant to control with oral methadone alone.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The analysis of several nonopiate narcotic analgesics and cocaine in serum using high-performance liquid chromatography.

This paper describes a procedure for the quantitative determination of methadone, meperidine, normeperidine, pentazocine, propoxyphene, norpropoxyphene, and dextromoramide in serum down to levels of 10 micrograms/L and of cocaine down to 25 micrograms/L. The procedure involves a simple extraction technique and high-performance liquid chromatography and is suitable for use in overdose drug screening, forensic toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring, and pharmacokinetic studies.

Analgesics, Opioid↗

PubMed2003

Enzyme immunoassay validation for the detection of buprenorphine in urine.

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay involving microtiter plates was proposed by Microgenics to screen buprenorphine in urine. The intra-assay precision at 10 ng/mL was 7.7% (coefficient of variation). The immunoassay was determined to have no cross-reactivity with codeine, dihydrocodeine, morphine, ethylmorphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, methadone, pholcodine, propoxyphene, dextromoramide, and dextromethorphan at 1 and 10 mg/L. A low cross-reactivity (3% at 1 ng/mL) was observed at low concentrations of norbuprenorphine. After comparing this new immunological test (Singlestep ELISA) for 76 urine specimens with our validated high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ES-MS) procedure, an optimum cutoff concentration of 2 ng/mL was determined for the kit. At this cutoff, the screening assay was able to determine more than 90% of true results with 43.4% true positives and 48.7% true negatives. Four positive urines (5.3%) were not confirmed by HPLC-ES-MS. In only one case, the negative urine test was confirmed as positive by HPLC-ES-MS (buprenorphine: 62.5 ng/mL). Buprenorphine concentrations determined by HPLC-ES-MS ranged from 1.2 to 1052 ng/mL. Of the four potential adulterants (hypochloride 50 mL/L, sodium nitrite 50 g/L, liquid soap 50 mL/L, and sodium chloride 50 g/L) that might be added to a positive urine specimen, none were able to cause a false-negative response by the immunoassay. The results of this study support the concept that the Singlestep ELISA for buprenorphine determination in urine should be considered as a new, valided screening procedure.

Buprenorphine↗

PubMed1988

Propofol anaesthesia alters somatosensory evoked cortical potentials.

This study evaluated the effects of propofol on somatosensory evoked cortical potentials in 20 ASA grade 1 or 2 patients who underwent spinal surgery. Anaesthesia consisted of propofol, dextromoramide, 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen mixture. The induction dose of propofol was 2 mg/kg and was followed by an infusion of 6 mg/kg for the first hour and 3 mg/kg subsequently. Somatosensory evoked cortical potentials were recorded on the scalp and compared to pre-operative values using Student's paired t-test. We observed a significant depression of evoked potential 10 minutes after induction, which continued until the early phase of recovery. Because of its short and quickly reversible action, propofol is an acceptable agent when clinical monitoring of the spinal cord is indicated but is not satisfactory when monitoring has to be based on somatosensory cortical evoked potentials.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Self-association of analgesics in aqueous solution: micellar properties of dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride and methadone hydrochloride.

The solution properties of several analgesics including dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride, methadone hydrochloride, dextromoramide acid tartrate and dipipanone hydrochloride have been examined using light scattering, conductivity, vapour pressure osmometry and surface tension techniques. A micellar pattern of association was established for dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride and methadone hydrochloride and critical micelle concentrations and aggregation numbers are reported. The hydrophobic contribution to the free energy of micellization of dextropropoxyphene was determined from measurement of the critical micelle concentration in the presence of added electrolyte.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗

PubMed1985

Deaths of drug addicts in the United Kingdom 1967-81.

A search of the Home Office index of notified drug addicts identified 1499 deaths during 1967-81, of which 226 (15%) were of therapeutic addicts--that is, patients who had become addicted during medical treatment with a notifiable drug--and 1273 (85%) were of non-therapeutic addicts. The crude mortality fell from 23.5/1000/year for the period 1968-70 to 18.4/1000/year for 1978-80. Altogether 416 addicts aged under 50 at notification died after 1972, which was 16 times the number of deaths expected in a population with a similar age and sex composition. A more detailed examination of the cohorts of addicts notified each year showed little variation between them in the first two years of follow up. Nineteen addicts (1.6%) had died by 31 December of the year of their notification and 39 (3.3%) one year later. These figures may be an indication of the clinical course of addiction. Most deaths of non-therapeutic addicts in which a drug was implicated (939 cases (74%] were due to medically prescribed drugs--barbiturates at first and later opiates such as dipipanone hydrochloride and dextromoramide. Heroin was implicated in only 65 (7%) of these deaths. The Home Office index is a valuable source for identifying drugs of abuse and serious problems of addiction. The fact that prescribed drugs are causing the death of so many addicts demands a response from the medical profession.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1990

Simultaneous screening and quantification of several nonopiate narcotic analgesics and phencyclidine in human plasma using capillary gas chromatography.

This paper describes a procedure for the quantitative determination of alfentanil, dextromoramide, fentanyl, methadone, pentazocine, pethidine, phenoperidine and phencyclidine in human plasma. Some drug metabolites were included in the study. The procedure involves a simple alkaline extraction technique and capillary gas chromatography separation followed by a nitrogen-selective detection. Concentrations as low as 10 micrograms/l can be routinely evaluated, making this method suitable for use in overdose drug screening, therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies.

Analgesics, Opioid↗

PubMed1975

On the narcotic cuing action of fentanyl and other narcotic analgesic drugs.

Using a food-reinforced two-levers operant procedure, rats could be trained to discriminate fentanyl (1.25 mg/kg, p.o., t-60') from solvent (1 ml/100 g B.W., p.o.,t60)treatment. The administration of the other narcotic analgesics bezitramide, dextromoramide, methadone and morphine produced a dose-related stimulus generalization with the standard fentanyl treatment. The results further evidence the validity of the narcotic cue.

Analgesics, Opioid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Is in vivo dissociation between the antipropulsive and antidiarrheal properties of opioids in rats related to gut selectivity?

The antipropulsive activity of a series of opioids in the charcoal test was compared with their antidiarrheal activity in the castor oil test and their analgesic activity in the tail withdrawal test. The obtained antipropulsive/antidiarrheal potency ratios varied from 0.71 to greater than 552 [pethidine (oral ED50's in mg/kg: 21.5/30.2), fentanyl (0.77/0.49), dextromoramide (5.39/2.90), methadone (14.2/6.38), codeine (98.4/10.8), morphine (56.6/5.21), diphenoxylate (8.15/0.54), nufenoxole (74.7/1.72), difenoxin (7.10/0.16), loperamide oxide (greater than 160/0.34) and loperamide (greater than 160/0.29)]. The above ratios correlated with the gut selectivity of the compounds as defined by their analgesic/antidiarrheal potency ratios (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). Furthermore, inhibition of propulsion was found to correlate with central analgesic activity (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001) but not with protection from diarrhea (r = 0.023, P greater than 0.05). Indeed, gut-selective opioids such as loperamide and loperamide oxide failed to affect propulsion up to doses more than 450 times their antidiarrheal doses. In contrast, alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists delayed propulsion at doses comparable to their antidiarrheal doses [clonidine (0.085 vs 0.021), lidamidine (2.35 vs 1.66)] and anticholinergics inhibited propulsion even at doses many times below their antidiarrheal doses [atropine (0.26 vs 9.30), dexetimide (0.13 vs 5.03) and isopropamide (0.78 vs 74.6)]. The present results indicate that the in vivo inhibition of gastrointestinal propulsion by opioids in rats is mediated by a central action. Effects on intestinal fluid transport or, alternatively, on motility events distal to the ileocecal junction rather than effects on propulsion through the small intestine, seem to be the primary mechanism of antidiarrheal action of gut-selective opioids such as loperamide and loperamide oxide.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMed1989

[Midazolam in ORL endoscopy in adults].

A prospective study was carried out in 20 selected subjects undergoing ENT endoscopy, with spontaneous ventilation of room air after premedication with midazolam IM 1.5 kg-10 [corrected] and then sedation with 0.07 mg.kg-1 IV and dextromoramide 0.03 mg.kg-1 IV and local anesthesia. The procedure was satisfactorily completed in the 20 cases; alertness was preserved in the 20 cases; total amnesia for the procedure was obtained in 19 cases. There were significant alterations in systolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate but these remained within strictly physiological limits. Blood gas results were similarly affected but at the limit of normal in 6 cases after 30 minutes of the procedure. Cardiovascular tolerance was excellent but close surveillance of the sedative effects on ventilation was required. Provided these conditions are respected, midazolam would appear to be of particular interest in ENT endoscopy.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[The use of naloxone in neuroleptoanalgesia].

Naloxone was used in 20 patients divided into two series: series A consisted of 10 adults with an average age of 50.6 years (+/- 12.03) and series B 10 children with an average age of 8.5 years (+/- 5.16). Naloxone was given in the treatment of postoperative respiratory depression related to persistence of morphine impregnation, the patients having received either fentanyl (mean dose 0.04 mg/kg/h) or dextromoramide (mean dose 1.15 mg/kg/h). The mean dose of naloxone was 0.26 mg +/- 0.10, i.e. 3.9 microgram/kg in series A, and 0.13 mg +/- 0.11, i.e. 5.3 microgram/kg in series B. In both series, study of ventilatory function showed correction and stabilisation of the various parameters (F/min, Vt and V) up to 180 minutes after the injection. Recovery was rapid in both groups (7 to 10 min) and of good quality. Whilst it was accompanied in a number of cases by the recurrence of pain, the latter never required specific relief. The administration of naloxone was associated with an increase in heart rate (non-significant) at 10 min in series A and 30 min in series B. Apart an episode of nausea in one case of series A, no disagreeable side effects were observed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

[Pharmacology of morphine and its derivatives (review)].

Morphine, the principal alkaloid of "papaver somniferum" is the reference substance of central analgesics, the parmacodynamic constants of which are: analgesia and the possibility of addiction. Respiratory depression is, for many of them, a grave side-effect. At the present time, no substance in this category is fully satisfactory and all may result in dependence. Equi-analgesic doses of dextromoramide, phenoperidine and Fentanyl are less than those of morphine, whilst those of pethidine and pentazocine are higher. Study of the pharmacokinetics of these various substances indicates no common elements, and it is difficult to consider that the analgesic action is proportional to blood levels. Clinical assessment of the mean duration of action makes it possible to divide morphine derivatives into substances with a very short action (20 to 45 minutes) such as Febtanyl and phenoperidine, and those with a longer action (1 to 4 hours) which includes the majority of the other substances. The analgesic activity of Methoadone lasts for 4 to 6 hours. Morphine antagonists such as Methadone, nalophine, naloxone and naltrexone possess specific problems in terms of their utilization. Pharmacological data concerning theses substances are described.

Biotransformation↗

PubMed1985

[The pharmacologic effect of flupirtine, a structurally new analgesic].

The analgesic potency of ethyl-N-[2-amino-6-(4-fluorophenylmethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]carb ama te (flupirtine, D 9998) in mice and rats in Haffner's test, electro-pain test and Randall-Selitto test (inflammation induced pain) lies between the more potent dextromoramide and methadone and the more weakly active pethidine, dextropropoxyphene, codeine, phenacetin and paracetamol. In comparison to codeine flupirtine is up to 4 times more potent, up to 2 times more active than pethidine and 4 times more potent than dextropropoxyphene in the above-mentioned methods. With one exception of inflammation induced pain, where flupirtine shows an activity of about 1 1/2 times that of phenacetin and paracetamol, both analgesics are about 10 to nearly 30 times less active than flupirtine in other above-mentioned tests. In the hot plate test flupirtine is twice as active as codeine and approximately 10 times more active than phenacetin and paracetamol. The weakest analgesic activity of flupirtine is seen in acetic acid test where it is about half as active as codein and approximately as active as dextropropoxyphene. Nevertheless, flupirtine is up to 10 times more potent than phenacetin and paracetamol. The acetic acid test is claimed to be non-specific according to our own experience and to other authors. Flupirtine is enterally absorbed at a higher degree than the other tested centrally acting analgesics. In regard to the results of various analgesic investigations in mice and rats flupirtine can be classified as a medium to strong acting analgesic. The duration of action of flupirtine is comparable to that of codeine. Experiments with flupirtine suggest that there are some convincing criteria for a pronounced central acting component of its analgesic activity. These criteria are the strong efficacy in the hot-plate and Haffner's test, in which only centrally acting analgesics show distinct effects, and the finding that flupirtine increases the pain threshold for vocalisation in rats and mice excluding a pure reflex of the spinal cord. In current experiments concerning the mode of action flupirtine exhibits a distinct central analgesic component of action. In spite of its relatively high analgesic potency which corresponds to that of opiates flupirtine does not show any other signs of opiate properties and other potent analgesics. Thus, flupirtine does not develop tolerance in mice and rats after 19 or 17 days of daily administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aminopyridines↗