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PubMed1985

Multiple regression analysis of dental status and related food behaviour of French Canadian adolescents.

Variables included in a theoretical model of the caries process have been studied in an adolescent population. Four multiple regression analyses were performed to uncover significant explanatory factors for: DMF(T) index, plaque index, frequency of sweets consumption between meals and frequency of sweets consumption at meals. Each analysis produced a significant R2 explaining respectively 29%, 15%, 74% and 62% of the variance. The results demonstrated the contribution of the different factors included in the proposed model. They suggested that plaque index was by far the most significant factor of the DMF(T) index. Sweets consumption was a significant determinant of caries experience independent of any relation to plaque index. Adolescent girls, even with less plaque accumulation, had a higher caries index than boys of the same age. Parent's education was related to dental status of children at time of adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restorative index.

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DMF Index↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental caries in the primary dentition in public nursery school children in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries in the primary dentition and associated variables in low socioeconomic preschool children enrolled in public nursery schools in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Four public institutions were selected by geographic criteria (two in the central region and two in the peripheral region). The study population comprised 338 children (181 boys; 157 girls) aged 2-6 years old. Dental caries was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmf-t) index. Among the examined children, 50.6% were caries-free. The mean dmf-t index was 2.03. It was higher in the peripheral nursery schools (p<0.01). A trend towards a difference between sexes (p = 0.06) was observed. Logistic regression analysis selected a previous child's visit to dentist (p<0.001), geographic location of the public nursery school (p<0.01), and age (p<0.01) as predictive variables for the dmf-t index. The study showed the need for an oral health program for this population, including both curative and preventive measures in order to achieve the WHO/FDI goals for the year 2000, namely 50% of children free of caries at age 5-6 years.

Brazil↗
PubMed1988

[Caries occurrence and periodontal condition in 100 dental students in their clinical semester. A clinical study].

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of caries and periodontal condition of 100 randomly selected clinical dental students (73 males, 27 females) in the age range of 22-37 years (means = 26.1 +/- 3.3 years). The statistical analysis revealed the following results: DMF-T Index (Klein & Palmer 1940) = 12.61 +/- 5.41 Plaque Index (Silness & Löe 1964) = 0.37 +/- 0.23 Gingiva Index (Löe & Silness 1963) = 0.39 +/- 0.20 Periodontal pocket depth = 1.65 +/- 0.27 mm. In relation to the results of other studies, clinical dental students had a decreased DMF-T Index and were in a better state of oral health and restaurations as compared to other groups of the same age. Female students had significantly less carious teeth, plaque and gingival disease than the male students. Increasing age had a highly significant correlation to DMF-T Index. Gingiva Index and pocket depth, whereas Plaque Index was correlated to a lesser degree. Plaque was confirmed as the essential factor of gingival disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Periodontal status of patients with abnormalities of the immune system. II. Observations over a 2-year period.

Patients with IgA deficiency and agammaglobulinemia were pair-matched to immunocompetent subjects by age and Plaque Index. Clinical examinations performed initially and after 2 years included the Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Periodontal Disease Index, caries experience (DMF-T) and full mouth radiographic surveys. Therapy during the 2-year period included oral hygiene instructions, prophylaxis and indicated restorative treatment. Immunodeficient patients manifested consistently lower levels of gingival inflammation than matched immunocompetent patients at both examination periods. Caries experience of immunodeficient patients was also less during the study interval, and five of these patients demonstrated DMF-T scores of zero. No developmental abnormalities, acute gingival or mucosal lesions, or attachment loss associated with periodontitis was observed in either group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Oral health in alcohol misusers.

One hundred and seven chronic alcohol misusers (mean age 42.9 years; range 21-65 years; 80 males) attending four centres in South East London were interviewed on their current and past alcohol consumption. Their nutritional status (body mass index (BMI) and mid arm muscle circumference) was also recorded. Each subject completed a dental and oral mucosal examination. Ninety four per cent of the sample consumed greater than 50 units of alcohol per week and 80 per cent greater than 100 units of alcohol per week. Smoking and alcohol misuse were found to be related, 81 per cent reporting both habits. Neither plaque index scores or mean subject pocket depths were correlated with alcohol consumption but both were positively correlated with the frequency and duration of smoking. Overall mean DMFT was 15.4; age specific mean DMFT and tooth loss of the sample were closely similar to the 1988 United Kingdom adult dental health survey data. The prevalence and severity of tooth wear and attrition were greater in the sample than levels described in the literature and these dental features may prove useful markers to the practitioner. Trauma to teeth and oral mucosae was noted in 25 per cent of the sample. Seven oral mucosal lesions (including one treated carcinoma) were detected; mucosal trauma could have acted as a co-factor. Furthermore, 21 per cent of the alcoholics were malnourished (BMI < 20). It is concluded that, unlike several reports from the United States, dental health in this sample of alcoholics is not compromised; however mucosal health is a cause for concern.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of caries in first permanent molars in students living in regions with and without fluoridated drinking water (comparative study based on clinical and radiographic examinations)].

To analyze the prevalence of dental caries by means of the DMF-S index and verify their distribution on the occlusal, buccal, lingual, mesial and distal surfaces using the intrabuccal interproximal technique, this comparative study included a sample of 360 seven to twelve year old boys and girls, without distinction of race, from the low social-economic class who, since birth, have lived in the cities of Teresina and Barras located in the state of Piauí in Brazil. The average level of fluor in first; city's public water supply is 0.68 ppm, while the second city lacks this halogen. A statistical analysis of the results verified that children in Teresina presented a DMF-S index 26.10% less than the children in Barras. The "T" Test of Student was significant for the seven, eight, nine, 10, and 12 years olds and for the sample as a whole in Teresina as well as for the types of surfaces regardless of age and sex. Children in the same community showed no significant difference when analyzed according to sex. In the two communities, the annual increase of the DMF-S index for all ages shows the cumulative and progressive aspect of dental caries; however, the increase was less in the city with fluoridated water.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

Dental caries in young male adults: prevalence, severity and associated factors.

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries as well as the needs for dental treatment in 18-year-old males from Maringá, PR, Brazil. The association of dental caries experience with socioeconomic variables was also tested. A cross sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 241 conscripts of the Brazilian Army. The adopted diagnosis criteria were those proposed by the World Health Organization. A socioeconomic questionnaire was utilized to determine family income and the criterion of the Brazil Economic Classification of the National Association of Research Enterprises. Associations among caries prevalence, DMF-T index, treatment needs and socioeconomic variables were evaluated by means of the Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Caries prevalence was 82.6% and the mean DMF-T index was 4.6. Only a mean of 0.8 tooth per individual presented treatment needs. Significant statistical differences were found in caries prevalence and severity (DMF-T). The worst results were observed in the groups of lower income and purchasing power, indicating a need for the implementation of social policies that address these populations aiming at diminishing the existing differences in the health-disease process indicators. On the other hand, treatment needs were only associated to the Brazil Economic Classification Criterion variable (p < 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Assessment of health and record of disease in the promotion of health oral].

BACKGROUND: At present, epidemiologic dentistry has numerous indexes to measure illness such as DMFT, dmft and S-OHI which are broadly used for illness diagnosis in different population groups. On the other hand, the index INSAO proposed differs from the approach focused on the disease itself. INSAO offers a parameter to measure the degree of health of teeth and gums and thus provides the patient with the information about their health. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the usefulness of the information provided by the traditional indexes and those recorded by INSAO, to the oral health evaluation in rural schools of the north of Córdoba, Argentina. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in school children, aged 5 to 14 attending 8 rural primary schools. Data was collected from a clinical examination. Caries experience was measured according WHO indications. The dmf-t and DMF-T indexes were determined. Oral hygiene was evaluated by means S-OHI. The total amount of teeth present in the mouth, sound teeth number, and the state of the gum were registered to built INSAO index. RESULTS: Inverse correspondence is observed between dental health level through INSAO and the disease through proportion of permanent and temporary teeth with cavities active recorded by dmf-t and DMF-T indexes. CONCLUSION: The application of INSAO is presented as a valuable instrument in the promotion of oral health in communities that belong to excluded social groups due to their special characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Streptococcus mutans and caries prevalence in Lisu and Karen of northern Thailand.

The prevalence of dental caries was studied in 139 Lisu and 167 Karen using the DMF-T index. Oral habits were recorded, including the chewing of betel nut. Samples of drinking water and betel constituents were collected and assayed for fluoride concentrations. Plaque material from 100 randomly selected individuals from each village was examined qualitatively for S. mutans. The DMF-T index scores for both tribal groups were low (0.00-1.00), and there was no significant difference in caries prevalence between betel chewers and non-chewers. Fluoride concentrations of the water samples were comparably low (0.02-0.29 ppm F). 30% of 200 plaque samples were positive for S. mutans, mostly of Biotype I.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study.

AIM: Previous reports suggest a higher incidence of dental caries in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and similarities in the immunopathogenesis of IBD and periodontitis. This study assessed the prevalence of periodontal disease and caries in patients with IBD. METHODS: In the present case-control study, 62 patients seeking treatment of IBD and 59 matched healthy controls of a dental practice were clinically examined. Oral soft-tissue alterations, the decayed, missing and filled tooth surface (DMF-S) index, dentine caries, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated in each patient and in the controls. RESULTS: Patients with IBD showed a significantly higher number of oral manifestations compared with controls. The DMF-S index showed no significant differences, but there was a significantly higher number of subjects with dentine caries in patients with IBD. The mean PPD in patients with IBD was 2.08 versus 2.23 mm in controls (p=0.014). Compared with controls, patients with IBD had more sites with CAL of at least 4 mm (81% versus 64% in controls, p=0.07) and 5 mm (63% versus 46%, p=0.07), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this case-control study demonstrate a higher frequency of dentine caries in patients with IBD but the periodontal findings showed no distinct differences between cases and controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Psycometrics properties of subjetive indicator in children].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Oral Heath Impact Profile (OHIP-14) to measure oral health in children. METHODS: The OHIP-14 questionnaire was applied to 312 schoolchildren aged 12 years residing in Sabará, Brazil, in 2001. OHIP-14's reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and correlation intraclass coefficient. For examining content validity, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression analysis were applied. For construct validity, Student's t-test and Tukey-Kramer test were used. RESULTS: Tooth loss among the subjects was low in this study (between 85% and 100%). Caries prevalence was very low and not detectable in 59.0% of the sample. The logistic regression model showed high predictive values for reporting treatment need and intermediate values for dental caries perception. The comparison between different OHIP average scores, according to the DMF-S index's three categories of decayed, missing, filled surfaces, indicated significant difference only for the categories social disability and deficit. CONCLUSIONS: The study results indicated that the adolescents did not report high prevalence of oral conditions. The OHIP was associated with perceived treatment need, reporting of dental caries and increased DMF-S index. These results suggest that the OHIP has good psychometric properties when applied to children and could be a promising instrument for screening priority care groups.

Brazil↗
PubMed1989

[Cohort study on cariostatic effect of 100ppmF- fluoride mouthrinsing].

The cariostatic effect of fluoride mouthrinsing with dilute fluoride solution in the school dental health programs was examined. The subjects were 138 children (75 of boys and 63 of girls) who carried out fluoride mouthrinsing with solution of 100 ppmF- for 6 years and 105 children (65 of boys and 40 of girls) who had no fluoride mouthrinsing were analysed by cohort study from 1983 to 1989. The cariostatic effect was evaluated by DMFT index and DMF rate for each tooth type in each erupted school grade. The increment of DMFT index was less than that of the control group. There was a clear cariostatic effect with the advance in the school grade. DMF rate for each tooth type of 1 in 2nd grade and 2 in 3rd grade students showed a statistically significant difference. Both that of upper and lower first molars in 1st and 2nd grade also showed the same result as that of upper incisors. In conclusion, a high cariostatic effect was obtained by introducing the use of fluoride mouthrinsing with a solution of 100ppmF- to the school dental health program, and the observation of DMF rate for each tooth type classified with each erupted school grade was a useful method to evaluate the cariostatic effect of fluoride mouthrinsing.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Effects of supervised daily dental plaque removal by children: first-year results.

In September 1973, a three-year school-based study was initiated in East Hampton, Connecticut, a rural nonfluoridated community. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect on dental decay, gingival inflammation and oral hygiene of removing dental plaque through supervised daily toothbrushing and flossing in school during a three-year period. To establish baseline data, three indexes were used: the DHC Index to evaluate gingivitis; the DMF Surface Index to quantify dental caries and the PHP Index to measure dental plaque. The examinations for dental caries, including radiographs, are scheduled annually in September, whereas the plaque and gingival examinations are done biannually, in September and June. After the baseline examinations the 481 children were blocked according to grade and sex and then were randomly assigned to either a treatment group or to a control group. In November, the treatment group was provided 10 sessions of instruction in plaque removal. For the remainder of the year (six months) they practiced daily plaque removal, supervised by a dental hygienist and a nurse. The control group was not instructed in oral hygiene procedures. In the treatment group, mean plaque and gingival scores at the June (first follow-up) examination were 14 percent and 29 percent lower, respectively, than at baseline. No change was seen in the control group. At the second follow-up examination in September (after summer vacation), the same indexes were nearly at baseline levels in the treatment group. There was no treatment effect on dental caries increments after one year of study. Considering the nature of the treatment regimen and the few treatments during the first year of the study, it is not surprising that there were no caries-preventive benefits demonstrated among children in the treatment group after one year. The total number of the plaque removal sessions will be greater during the second year of the study. Therefore, the possibility of detecting a caries preventive effect at the twenty-four month examinations, should one exist, will be enhanced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Study on the frequency of caries and associated factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prone to certain disturbances of oral cavity but there are controversies concerning caries. This cross-sectional study investigated the frequency of caries and associated factors, in a sample of population with or without type 1 DM, including non-diabetic (53 women, 31 men) and 30 diabetic subjects (19 women, 11 men) aged 17-28 years. Diagnosis of dental caries was based on the DMF-T index (D= decay; M= miss; F= fill; T= teeth); in addition, a plaque control record (PCR) was obtained. A preponderance of female sex was found within the groups studied but such proportions did not differ when comparing diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Mean ages were 21.0 +/- 2.2 and 19.5+/-1.8 years, respectively for subjects without and with DM (p< 0.05). Education level was higher in the non-diabetic group as well as the DMF-T index (10.5 +/-5.8 vs. 6.7+/-5.7, p< 0.01). Linear regression analysis (n= 114) showed significant associations of DMF-T with age, sucrose intake, daily frequency of tooth brushing, of dental floss use, PCR and of visits to the dentist. By ANOVA model with age as a covariate the non-diabetic condition (p= 0.047), sucrose index and PCR (r(2)= 0.820) were independently associated with the DMF-T. In the diabetic-specific model, with only the diabetic subjects included and sucrose index as a covariate, DM duration, fundus abnormality and PCR were significantly associated with the presence of caries (r(2)= 0.816). The sample of type 1 diabetic subjects suggest that they are less prone to caries than non-diabetics, despite having a higher frequency of meals, less tooth brushing and dental floss use. We speculate that DM duration may contribute to the occurrence of caries and restricted sucrose consumption to lower frequency of caries in diabetic subjects.

Adolescent↗