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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The course of schizophrenia: some remarks on a yet unsolved problem of retrospective data collection.

The retrospective assessment of symptoms and syndromes is a basic measure in research of the longitudinal course of schizophrenia. In spite of its importance there have been few studies evaluating the standard of quality of instruments for retrospective data collection. Combining retrospectively and cross-sectionally collected data on schizophrenic symptomatology in a cohort study over a period of 5 years revealed a significant underestimation of symptoms when assessed in retrospect. The need for studies on the validity of instruments for the retrospective assessment of symptoms is stressed.

Delusions↗
PubMed1998

An analysis of the effectiveness of focus groups as a method of qualitative data collection with Chinese populations in nursing research.

Although there has been a significant increase in the use of focus groups as a qualitative method of data collection in health and nursing research, literature on the use of this method with Chinese populations is limited. This study was therefore undertaken to explore the contribution of focus groups as a method of data collection amongst Hong Kong Chinese women. The study involved the comparison of the data obtained from two concurrent research studies which both employed case study design and focus groups as a major method of data collection. In both studies the samples involved Chinese women. The findings demonstrate that factors such as recruitment to the groups and interaction of group members did not adversely affect the quality of the data. Indeed the depth of data obtained on a range of sensitive topics suggests that the use of focus groups provides an effective method of collecting qualitative data with the Chinese populations in the described studies. However, a particular issue to emerge from this method of collection relates to the complexity of transcription and translation of the Chinese data which in the author's view has implications for the quality of the data. This finding indicates the importance of undertaking data analysis in the language of the interview, rather than that of the translated data, to avoid compromising the quality of data obtained from non-English speaking populations.

China↗
PubMed2001

Training consumers to collect data in mental health service system evaluation research.

Consumer satisfaction with services is an outcome measure. This report describes The Consumer Satisfaction Research Associate Training Program, which was designed for the education and supervision of recovered consumers who collected data during four studies at three psychiatric hospitals. The educational program had didactic and laboratory components. Consumer research associates collected quantitative and qualitative data using a survey tool for face-to-face interviews. Participant recruitment and management of confidential records were included in the role. Data collected by research associates from consumers who are in treatment can enhance the validity and trustworthiness of satisfaction surveys. Nurses can play an important role in the research process by serving as staff resources for consumers who collect data in various service system settings.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

The use of the diary as a data collection technique.

The initiation of a research project requires many decisions, not the least of which is the selection of a method for data collection. This decision is, in large measure, guided by the nature of the research question which generally prescribes the selection of a strategy for data collection from among an array of possible alternatives. This article addresses the use of a diary for data collection. Although diaries have traditionally been used in social science and health research, their use in nursing research is more recent. The article begins with a brief discussion of the rationale for using the diary to gather data in a study of personal and professional caregiving. A brief review of the use of diaries in previous studies follows, along with a description of the use of a diary in the caregiving study and a discussion of the possible threats to high quality data as well as measures used to ensure the collection of high quality data. The article concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the diary and makes recommendations regarding its use in nursing research.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed1988

New high-resolution 2-deoxyglucose method featuring double labeling and automated data collection.

A new approach to high-resolution 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) emulsion-autoradiography which combines improved retention of 2DG labeling, staining with immunohistochemical and other specific markers, and automated data collection and analysis of local silver grain and stain densities is described. The Durham et al. (J. Neurosci. 1:519-526, '81) procedure for fixation of 2DG with periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP, McLean and Nakane: J. Histochem. Cytochem. 22:1077-1083, '74) was adapted to increase retained label roughly tenfold. Phenobarbital anesthesia is induced 45 minutes after 2DG injection. Barbiturate anesthesia increases brain glycogen (Nelson et al.: J. Neurochem. 15:1271-1279, '68) and presumably increases the incorporation of intracellular 2DG from 2DG-6P into brain glycogen and other molecules (Nelson et al.: J. Neurochem. 43:949-956, '84; Pentreath et al.: Neuroscience 7:759-767, '82). Iodoacetate is added to cold fixative to prevent glycogen breakdown (Cammermeyer and Fenton: Histochemistry 76:339-356, '82). This high-resolution 2DG protocol is directly compatible with many other neuroanatomical techniques. We demonstrate 2DG emulsion autoradiography combined with cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry, markers for axonal pathway tracing, plastic embedding for semithin sections, and immunohistochemical staining for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). The method should be compatible with antibodies for other antigens and with other neuroanatomical stains. To collect the data directly from microscope slides, a computer-controlled microscope was integrated with image-processing software to eliminate the need for manual counting and scoring of autoradiograms. Regions of interest are scanned automatically at high resolution to map regional labeling and/or stain density. There is excellent correspondence between computer-enhanced two-dimensional maps of the data and the original autoradiograms. Automated counts for five specimens were compared to counts of labeled cells by trained observer. The correlation between the two sets of measurements is high (r = .93). Automated data collection has been generalized to measure regional stain densities on the autoradiographed sections for direct comparison with silver grain density. The method is extremely flexible, especially since new image-processing strategies can be developed in software to extract the desired information from materials labeled by other methods (e.g., HRP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Interobserver variability in data collection of the APACHE II score in teaching and community hospitals.

OBJECTIVES: To examine interobserver reliability of the Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and identify major causes of variability in data collection. DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative analysis. SETTING: Nine intensive care units in two teaching and six community hospitals SUBJECTS: A random sample of 342 patient records selected from a network database. INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were reabstracted and compared with the original records. Individual physiologic points derived from the APACHE II scoring system (instead of the actual physiologic values) were compared using the kappa statistic. Paired measurements of the continuous variables were compared using the interclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. Excellent agreement was found in most demographic, admission, and discharge data. The system failure requiring intensive care unit admission was consistently identified by both data collectors in 88% of cases, but only 66% agreed on the exact admitting diagnosis. For APACHE II score components, the kappa statistic ranged from 0.315 for the Glasgow Coma Scale point to 0.976 for the age point. Significant disagreement regarding the probability of death derived from the APACHE II model was evident in some patient records. Overall agreement among groups of patients regarding the APACHE II score was good, however, with no significant difference in the mean score (20.2 vs. 20.1; p = .758). The predicted mortality from the reabstracted data was 30%, similar to the 27% predicted mortality from the original data (p = .380). CONCLUSION: Reliability of data collection varied widely in different components of the APACHE II probability-of-death model. Significant discrepancies in some components suggested a lack of explicit definitions and timing for consistent data collection between institutions or between data collectors. Nonetheless, variability resulting from data collection appears to be randomly distributed, so that comparisons of group means are valid.

APACHE↗
PubMed1997

Don't rely on MCOs--take systems approach to physician practice data collection.

Physician practices can thrive under capitation with proper data collection. Practices should take a systems approach to managing the financial, operations, and clinical aspects of their businesses--and this requires data. While some of it may be acquired from MCOs, most physicians will have to rely on IPAs or PHOs to do the dirty work. Here's a laundry list of data to collect, plus report templates.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2001

Integrating baseline health status data collection into the process of care.

BACKGROUND: Health status data are an increasingly important component of outcomes assessment and can be used to facilitate quality assessment and improvement efforts. An enormous challenge to the use of health status data among hospitalized patients, however, is collecting baseline data at the time of treatment, an essential component for risk-adjusting subsequent outcomes. The Mid America Heart Institute of Saint Luke's Hospital (Kansas City, Mo), attempted to integrate the collection of health status assessments within the process of performing coronary revascularization. THE DATA COLLECTION STRATEGY: The data collection strategy was developed for each admission portalelective outpatients (admissions for same-day procedures), inpatients, and emergent cases. Health status data were collected on all patients with coronary artery disease who were receiving a percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft with no disruption to physician scheduling or nursing staff. RESULTS: In general, patients were agreeable to completing the health status survey. Despite initial efforts to educate the hospital staff about the goal and purpose of health status assessment, staff members who were unaware of the uses of these data seemed to minimize their value. Providing examples of how to use these data relative to the staff member's specific occupational role facilitated buy-in for this project. EPILOGUE: After the pilot study, which lasted until June 1999, data were continually collected for 18 months, through August 2000, even with the cessation of external grant funding for this project. Baseline data collection finally stopped, primarily because of a failure to accommodate data collection into the routine flow of patient care by existing nursing staff.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1998

Structure refinement against synchrotron Laue data: strategies for data collection and reduction.

The synchrotron Laue technique has been applied to high-resolution structure refinement of the ribotoxin, restrictocin [Yang & Moffat (1996). Structure, 4, 837-852]. By employing carefully designed data-collection strategies and the data-reduction algorithms incorporated in the software system LaueView [Ren & Moffat (1995a). J. Appl. Cryst. 28, 461-481; Ren & Moffat (1995b). J. Appl. Cryst. 28, 482-493], a set of high-resolution Laue data with a completeness and accuracy comparable to excellent monochromatic data was obtained. Through detailed comparison with the monochromatic data and electron-density maps derived from the Laue data, optimum data-collection and reduction strategies were identified and the application of Laue diffraction techniques to conventional crystallographic refinement was demonstrated.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variability, reproducibility, and data-collection time of pulmonary bedside monitoring.

Breath-by-breath pulmonary function testing at the bedside is now available both with special-purpose stand-alone equipment and with the new generation of ventilators. The authors studied the variability of, reproducibility of, and ideal length of data collection for nine indices of pulmonary function that may be useful for ventilatory management, weaning, and patient comfort. Work of breathing (as both J/L and J/min), pressure-time product, rapid shallow breathing index, respiratory time fraction, respiratory drive, change in esophageal pressure during inspiration, expiratory airway resistance, and dynamic compliance were measured in ten normal subjects and in eight patients being weaned from mechanical ventilation. All nine indices were reproducible when compared by paired t-test with two separate sets of data collected in normal subjects. Repeated measures in the normal subjects allowed calculation of 95% confidence intervals for the nine variables. There was no statistically significant difference between data collections of 5 minutes compared with those of 10 and 15 minutes. Breath-by-breath variability ranged from a coefficient of variation of 3% for the shallow breathing index in one patient to 131% for the work of breathing in J/min in another. Population variability ranged from values reported previously for other pulmonary parameters to nearly double for some parameters. The authors conclude that a 5-minute data collection time is sufficient to obtain reliable breath-by-breath data at the bedside. While taken together these indices may provide clinically useful information, their usefulness individually remains to be demonstrated because of their large variability.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The LEDTOX Necropsy System: an interactive protocol driven gross postmortem examination data collection system.

The LEDTOX Necropsy System consists of a series of programs which provide for the real time collection of gross postmortem data while interacting with the LEDTOX Protocol, Animal Weighing/Clinical Observation, Palpable Mass, Clinical Pathology, Histopathology and Animal Colony Management Systems. Special procedures and lists of tissues specified in the protocol for various necropsy activities drive to data collection routines. Key system features include: system generated gross findings menu to facilitate data entry; designation of key phrases to be used for data summarization; online confirmation of palpable masses identified during life; online review of clinical observation and clinical pathology data. Outputs include: incidence summary of gross postmortem findings; tissue examination/sampling summary; correlation of antemortem and postmortem mass/neoplasm data; organ weight statistical summary. With completion of this module, 90-100% of the routine tables for postmortem reports are immediately available to pathologists for data interpretation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Breast cancer data collection for surgical audit.

Data are available about the mortality, the incidence, the stage, the survival, and the treatment of breast cancer. In this country mortality data are published by the OPCS and HIPE and evidence exists to show that there is a considerable shortfall in both these sources. The incidence of breast cancer is recorded by the Regional Cancer Registries and published by OPCS. The registries supply OPCS with a minimum data set which does not include the stage of the disease, which is important, and does include the quadrant, which is not. Audit shows marked regional variations in completeness of registration. International comparisons with Scandinavia are unfavourable and show what can be achieved. Patients who develop breast cancer but do not die from it may be cured. The discrepancy between incidence and mortality, which varies both geographically and historically, should therefore provide a valuable insight into changing survival, but does not do so because the data are unreliable. Wide variations in survival figures in the medical literature are probably due to variations in staging conventions rather than different treatments. It is clear that cancer stages carry a more favourable prognosis, but it still cannot be proved that earlier diagnosis in a particular individual prolongs the life of that individual. This unproven hypothesis is the rationale for mammographic screening. Data on treatment in hospitals do not link diagnosis to operation, so that it is impossible to separate operations for benign breast disease from those for cancer. The OPCS classification of operations is complex with many open-ended choices. Doctors do not participate in the coding process and clerks cannot make up for this. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy data are not collected nationally and the four regional registries who do collect it also rely on their clerks' interpretation of medical notes. Data on the use of tamoxifen are consistent and of high quality.An extensive data gathering mechanism is in place for breast cancer. A huge body of information exists about the disease which should form a valuable database. The poor quality of this information reduces its usefulness. It is the responsibility of doctors to agree on a data set and to ensure its collection. They do it in Scandinavia.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Data collection frequency effect in the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey.

The National Medical Care Expenditure Survey (NMCES) was characterized by a longitudinal survey design, with data collection targeted to five points in time covering the survey year. Field conditions did not allow for all interviews to be conducted over the targeted time periods. A subset of sampled households (holdovers) were not contacted for a particular wave of the survey and data were gathered at the subsequent time period for the two time intervals that were spanned. National estimates for a representative set of health care utilization and expenditure measures were derived from the sample of holdovers and compared with estimates derived from the respondents with five complete waves of data collection. Controlling for relevant predispositional factors in the estimation of health care utilization and expenditure measures, a test for data collection frequency effect is also considered.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1981

A keyboard data collecting device for behavioural recordings.

A keyboard data collecting device which makes it possible to record the duration, frequency and latency of ten different forms of behaviour simultaneously via direct observation, is presented. The device is simple to operate and easily built even in laboratories without advanced electronic knowledge. It makes the handling of extensive amounts of data easy, since a punched tape output of ASCII-coded data is available for rapid computer processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Routinely collected data in national and regional databases--an under-used resource.

Regional and national databases of routinely collected data contain large quantities of health information, usually covering whole populations and often spanning prolonged time periods. Using routine data involves identifying useful sources, assessing the quality of the data and deciding whether what is available is 'fit for purpose'. As long as adequate care is taken, these data may be used in a number of different ways beyond their traditional uses for population health assessments and health service planning.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1994

A study of home care quality management data-collection systems.

A recent study reveals that home care agencies have inconsistent standards for quality management and inefficient data-collection systems. Are currently available data-collection systems suited for home care needs, or should they be redesigned?

Data Collection↗
PubMed1985

Improvements in data collection through physician use of a computer-based chemotherapy treatment consultant.

The impact of a computer-based data management system on the completeness of clinical trial data was studied before and after the system's introduction in an oncology clinic. Physicians use the system, termed ONCOCIN, to record data during patient visits and to receive advice about treatment and tests required by experimental cancer protocols. Although ONCOCIN does not force the user to enter all data expected by the protocol, after its introduction there was improvement in the recording frequency of such data. The percentage of expected physical findings recorded increased from 74% to 91% (P less than .05), toxicity history from less than 1% to 45% (P less than .01), general chemistry results from 36% to 82% (P less than .01), x-ray results from 44% to 73% (P less than .01), and physicians' assessments of overall disease activity and Karnofsky performance status from 73% to 91% (P less than .05). Analysis of the steps in data collection and their contribution to loss of data suggests that observations or test ordering which are dependent on the physician are most improved by the system. Furthermore, analysis of post-ONCOCIN visits when the system was unavailable suggests that the recording of physician-dependent data (physical findings and assessments of disease activity and performance status) is likely to revert to pre-ONCOCIN levels if the system is not used routinely. The results show that ONCOCIN can greatly enhance recovery of those data expected for chemotherapy protocol patients. The program's interaction with the physician is central to its effectiveness in data collection, especially for data that arise directly from the patient-physician encounter.

Antineoplastic Agents↗