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Results for “Dermatitis, Exfoliative”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Exfoliative dermatitis in an infant. Association with enterotoxin F-producing staphylococci.

A 2-month-old premature infant had an extensive exfoliative dermatitis with flaccid bullae, mucous membrane involvement, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated creatinine kinase level. A subepidermal cleavage plane with numerous necrotic epidermal cells and a polymorphonuclear cell infiltrate were present on a skin biopsy specimen. The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained at the onset of her disease had a 29/52 bacteriophage lysis pattern and produced enterotoxins C and F and epidermal toxin, but no exfolliatins. In toxic shock syndrome (TSS), subepidermal blister formation has been described and a new toxin, epidermal toxin, which causes subepidermal cleavage in the newborn mouse model, has been identified. In some infants, exfoliative dermatitis may be a variant of the well-described TSS in older children and adults.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1977

Exfoliative dermatitis from Chinese herbs (decoction)--an example of purely epidermal contact-type hypersensitivity to ingested medicines.

A patient, aged 78, with exfoliative dermatitis due to the ingestion of Chinese herbs (decoction) was presented. Provocative medication showed that he was sensitive to 4 composite materials (Radix angelicae acutilobae, Rhizoma zingiberis, Radix paeoniae and Radix glycyrrhizae). Patch tests were positive to each of these materials while the intradermal test was negative. These results indicate that systemic contact-type hypersensitivity to the ingested medicines is involved in evoking the exfoliative dermatitis lesion and that, in addition, purely epidermal contact sensitivity as defined by S. Epstein and Baer plays an important role.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Diltiazem-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a patient with psoriasis.

We present a patient with psoriasis who developed exfoliative dermatitis with concomitant fever, malaise and liver enzyme elevations, two days after the introduction of the new calcium antagonist diltiazem. The symptoms rapidly resolved after discontinuation of diltiazem and treatment with prednisone. Three years previously, this patient developed a similar reaction after 12 days of treatment with chloroquine. Diltiazem and chloroquine have a structural resemblance, which suggests that cross-reactions between these drugs may occur.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Exfoliative dermatitis during cefoxitin therapy.

An 84-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a diabetic foot ulcer and osteomyelitis of the calcaneum. While being treated with cefoxitin sodium, he experienced generalized exfoliative dermatitis, which subsided on discontinuation of therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of exfoliative dermatitis with a cephalosporin or related drug.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Omeprazole-induced exfoliative dermatitis.

A 41-year-old man being treated for severe esophageal reflux disease developed red, exfoliative scaling on his back, trunk, and legs after taking omeprazole 20 mg twice/day for 3 months. He also had redness and extreme sloughing of the skin on his hands. Even after he discontinued omeprazole and after several courses of topical and systemic steroids, symptoms continued to occur 18 months after treatment, mostly localized to the hands. Exfoliative dermatitis is associated with many drugs, but omeprazole has been implicated only once before in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Decompensation of chronic stable alcoholic liver disease by severe exfoliative dermatitis.

Of the numerous precipitants of hepatic decompensation in chronic liver disease, there are no reports in the literature documenting an acute decompensation following an acute episode of severe dermatitis. This case highlights the haemodynamic consequences of a severe flare up of exfoliative dermatitis in a patient with stable chronic alcoholic liver disease, speculates on the mechanism by which this may provoke clinical decompensation and the impact this may have upon liver failure.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1985

Ampicillin-induced interstitial nephritis with generalised exfoliative dermatitis.

Drug induced renal failure is a serious, potentially, fatal illness that is preventable. Hypersensitivity reactions involving the kidneys can occur with any of the penicillin groups. However, there are few reports in the literature of ampicillin as a cause of acute interstitial nephritis. In the following case report, a patient developed acute interstitial nephritis with renal failure and exfoliative dermatitis following ampicillin therapy. The diagnosis was based on the rapid onset of renal failure, presence of eosinophilia, skin rash, and characteristic renal biopsy finding, following the administration of ampicillin. Renal function returned to normal eventually, but she continued to have relapses of exfoliative dermatitis up to a year later.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1980

Behavior therapy techniques in treatment of exfoliative dermatitis.

We report here a case study in which behavior therapy techniques were used to treat the persistent and severe scratching of a patient with long-standing exfoliative dermatitis. A multiple-baseline clinical design across different body areas was used to evaluate the behavioral treatment program. This program consisted of (1) training the patient to monitor his scratching behavior and to use an incompatible response and distraction procedure contingent on the occurrence of scratching, and (2) differential attention by the therapist, so that the therapist's attention was contingent on intervals of nonscratching, and the therapist ignored the patient when he did scratch. The results indicated that the program was effective in almost completely eliminating scratching when a variety of therapists were and were not present. This suggests that the procedures used might easily be taught to the nursing staff.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Generalized exfoliative dermatitis from ethylenediamine.

A patient with a history of allergic reaction to an antibiotic cream (Mycolog [mixture of nystatin, neomycin sulfate, gramicidin, and triamcinolone acetonide]) was treated with aminophylline. A generalized exfoliative dermatitis resulted. The reaction was attributable to ethylenediamine hydrochloride, which is a component of both agents. Recognition of the potential for systemic medications to induce similar reactions in patients who are allergic to related topical preparations is important when prescribing systemic agents.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed2005

Cellular immunophenotyping of exfoliative dermatitis in canine leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum).

Lymphocyte subsets, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II expressing cells and number of amastigotes in the epidermis and dermis were investigated immunohistochemically in 48 dogs with patent leishmaniosis, with or without exfoliative dermatitis (ED) to study the immunopathogenesis of this common cutaneous form of the disease. Skin biopsies were obtained and compared for ED sites (group A, n = 26), normal-appearing skin from the same animals (group B, n = 24), and leishmanial dogs not exhibiting ED (group C, n = 22), and normal controls (group D, n = 22). The CD3+, CD45RA+, CD4+, CD8+ (CD8a+), CD21+, and MHC-II+ cells and leishmania amastigotes were identified immunohistochemically and counted with the aid of an image analysis system. Pyogranulomatous to granulomatous dermatitis, expressed in various histopathological patterns, was noticed in all groups A and B and in half of group C dogs. In the epidermis, the low number of T-cells and their subsets did not differ significantly between groups A and B, but CD8+ outnumbered CD4+ lymphocytes in both groups. MHC-II+ expression on epidermal keratinocytes was intense in the skin with and without lesions from dogs with ED but not in group C dogs. CD3+, CD8+ and MHC-II+ cells were fewer in group C compared to group A and B dogs. In the dermis, CD3+ cells in group A animals were mainly represented by the CD8+. CD45RA+ and CD21+ cells were also seen in high numbers. MHC-II expression, potentially in lymphocytes, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and macrophages was intense. The numbers of all cellular subpopulations in the dermis were significantly different between the groups, being highest in group A and lowest in group D. In sebaceous adenitis sites, CD4+ outnumbered CD8+ cells in contrast to the neighbouring dermis and the epidermis. The number of CD21+ and CD45RA+ cells was much lower in the inflamed sebaceous glands compared to the dermis. Finally, the number of amastigotes in the normal-appearing skin was significantly higher in the ED dogs (group B) than in those not exhibiting this cutaneous form of the disease (group C).

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Resolution of exfoliative dermatitis and Malassezia pachydermatis overgrowth in a cat after surgical thymoma resection.

A four-year-old, male neutered domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a two-week history of nasal and ocular discharge, generalised exfoliative dermatitis, intense pruritus, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, intermittent hindlimb ataxia and lethargy. Cutaneous populations of Malassezia pachydermatis yeast organisms were found to be elevated. The generalised nature of the disease prompted survey radiography which revealed the presence of a cranial mediastinal mass which was subsequently resected and found to be a thymoma. Within six months of surgery, systemic and cutaneous signs had resolved and yeast counts had returned to normal, suggesting a causal relationship between the thymoma and the skin disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Severe exfoliative dermatitis associated with hand ischemia during cisplatin therapy.

BACKGROUND: Platinum is one of the most widely used agents in clinical oncology today. Serious toxic effects are well recognized. FINDINGS: To our knowledge, the current report describes the first case of severe allergic exfoliative dermatitis associated with ischemia and necrosis of the hands in a patient who had received multiple doses of this agent. We postulate that the tissue damage was caused by vasospasm of small vessels from the initial injury triggered by platinum or its associated immune complexes. CONCLUSION: Platinum has become an integral part of combination chemotherapy for various solid tumors. Clinicians must recognize its toxic side effects and control them within tolerable limits.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1988

Vancomycin-associated exfoliative dermatitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Vancomycin is commonly prescribed to patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for catheter-related infections and acute episodes of peritonitis. Although adverse dermatological reactions have been reported secondary to the rapid intravenous infusion of vancomycin, the intraperitoneal route of administration has been used routinely during CAPD without these effects. This case report describes a CAPD patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed erythema multiforme that progressed to exfoliative dermatitis during intermittent intraperitoneal vancomycin therapy for a catheter-related exit-site/tunnel infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Exfoliative dermatitis secondary to tobramycin sulfate.

We report a case of exfoliative dermatitis clearly linked to intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of tobramycin. Despite the complicated drug regimen with which the patient was treated, tobramycin was implicated by rechallenge with the drug once before its role was understood and again at an outside hospital.

Drug Eruptions↗
PubMed1989

Captopril-related exfoliative dermatitis.

A patient with congestive heart failure and mild renal impairment developed exfoliative dermatitis following the addition of captopril to her therapy. The skin reaction responded to drug withdrawal and the administration of corticosteroids, though the patient subsequently succumbed to the complications of an incidental myocardial infarction. Recognition and prompt treatment of this potentially fatal dermatological crisis is stressed. The newer generation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may have a lesser propensity for cutaneous complications.

Captopril↗
PubMed2005

Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a rabbit.

A 5-year-old rabbit with generalized scaling is presented. Multiple skin scrapings and acetate tape impressions were negative for mites and Malassezia. Culture for dermatophytes was also negative. Skin biopsies showed similarities with sebaceous adenitis described in rabbits (absence of sebaceous glands, perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate at the level of the absent sebaceous glands, lymphocytic mural folliculitis, interface dermatitis). The owners refused any treatment and 2 months later the rabbit was euthanized due to anorexia. At necropsy a mass was found in the anterior mediastinum. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of thymoma. A possible paraneoplastic skin disease was suspected, based on similarities with thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Severe combined immune defect. Presentation of exfoliative dermatitis with eosinophilia and lymphadenopathy].

BACKGROUND: We report on 9 infants with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), who additionally showed signs of Omenn syndrome with an exfoliative dermatopathy, alopecia, enlarged lymph nodes, a hepatomegalia and a striking blood eosinophilia. The immunological evaluation revealed the characteristic abnormalities of SCID with cellular and humoral immunodeficiency. All patients however had the unusual finding of mature T cells in the peripheral blood. By HLA typing these cells were noted to be of maternal origin in 5 patients. In the other 4 patients the T cells were of host origin. We asked for additional differences between both patient groups. METHOD: Both patient groups were analyzed and compared with regard to case histories, clinical, laboratory and histopathological parameters. RESULTS: No clinical or laboratory differences could be detected. The histomorphologic analysis of patients with or without maternal T cells was identical. The skin biopsies showed dense cell infiltrations of lymphocytes, histiocytes and eosinophils, in the enlarged lymph nodes the latter two cell types predominated. Therefore the only difference between the 2 patient groups was the presence or absence of maternal T cells. CONCLUSION: Since the Omenn syndrome is found in association with maternal as well as patient derived T cells, we postulate that the peculiar symptoms of this syndrome are the result of a T cell induced inflammatory reaction, similar but not identical to a graft versus host reaction, occurring on the basis of an inborn SCID.

Bone Marrow↗