[Breast carcinoma: its descriptive epidemiology and risk factors].
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Adult↗
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Results for “Descriptive factors”
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FDA's Factored Food Vocabulary for food product description.
The Food and Drug Administration's Factored Food Vocabulary (FFV) uses standardized language to describe characteristics of food products that are important for food safety and nutritional quality. Each food product is described by a set of descriptors from the following factors: product type; food source; part of plant or animal; physical state, shape, or form; degree of preparation; cooking method; treatment applied; preservation method; packing medium; container or wrapping; food contact surface; and user group. The purpose of the vocabulary is to facilitate retrieval of food composition, food consumption, food contamination, and other food-related data relative to these factors. The major advantages of this system are flexibility with specificity, enhanced searchability with economy, and ease of change and updating.
Classification↗
The analysis of descriptions of parents: identification of a more differentiated factor structure.
The analysis of spontaneous descriptions of parents has proven to be a valuable procedure for assessing an individual's perceptions of caring experiences with their parents. The procedure has been useful in a number of research investigations. Blatt, Chevron, Quinlan, Schaffer, and Wein (1988) revised the scoring procedures in a new manual for this procedure. This study examined aspects of the reliability and validity of this new scoring system. The parental descriptions of 134 female and 79 male students from two universities were scored using the revised manual. An analysis of ratings from the new scoring procedures lead to a differentiation of negative punitive items from positive ambitious items. Three factors and a Length factor emerged; the four factors accounted for 71% of the variance. Three factors-Benevolent, Punitive, and Ambitious-were correlated in meaningful ways with relevant scales of the Semantic Differential, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung, 1972), and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976). The results provide construct validity for this new factor solution for evaluating the descriptions given by individuals of significant figures in their lives.
Journal Article↗
[Differential indications in the clinical field. Empirical study of management of indications for analytic individual and group psychotherapy respectively in a psychotherayp clinic ].
This study aims at a systematic description of factors which influence the practice of differential indication between psycho-analytic individual and group-therapy in apsychotherapeutic clinic. The self-description of inclinic patients for who individual therapy was indicated, was compared to the self-description of those who were expected to join a therapeutic group. Two personality-tests (Giessentest "GT" and Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar "FPI") and a symptom-questionnaire (Beschwerdenliste"BSB") were applicated. If the self-description fo patients is an important factor influencing differential indication, then a difference should be found in comparison of the self-description of both samples. The result is , that important differences are not to be found, and that, moreover the little differences are variable by the time. In conclusion, patient-centered explorations give no sufficient explanation, why group therapy was indicated in some cases and individual therapy in others. Basing on these results, differential indication in clinical psychotherapy is defined as an interactional process which is influenced by specific cognitive factors of the therapist and his clinical socialisation on the background of variable institution-bound experience.
Humans↗
Description of pain and the relationship with psychological factors in patients with low back pain.
Description of pain and the relationship with psychological factors was studied in 82 patients with low back pain. Both description of pain and psychological factors were found to have high loadings on one dimension, without being identical variables. A relationship was found between psychological factors and the duration of back pain but not to a degree to which the back pain is found to be explained somatically. The description of pain bore no relationship to the duration of back pain nor to the degree to which back pain can be somatically explained.
Adult↗
[Laboratory thyroid disease diagnosis--interdisciplinary cooperation. International consensus in Swedish perspective].
In 2003, The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry published a consensus monograph on thyroid tests (available via Internet from 2002). The document, a result of international collaboration, describes the pathophysiological background and clinical application of the measurements as well as principles for their technical performance. Of value, and of definite clinical relevance, is the detailed description of factors affecting the results in health and disease. However, we lack a description of the sometimes large differences in values obtained with different generally available methods, as well as a presentation of the occurrence and evaluation of analytical interference and related technical factors affecting results. Readers with little experience from quantitative measurement in the clinical laboratory, therefore, are not stimulated to obtain a better understanding of causes and evaluation of unexpected results.
Autoantibodies↗
Is the human amygdala critical for the subjective experience of emotion? Evidence of intact dispositional affect in patients with amygdala lesions.
It is thought that the human amygdala is a critical component of the neural substrates of emotional experience, involved particularly in the generation of fear, anxiety, and general negative affectivity. Although many neuroimaging studies demonstrate findings consistent this notion, little evidence of altered emotional experience following amygdala damage has been gathered in humans. In a preliminary test of the amygdala's role in phenomenal affective states, we assessed the extent of experienced positive and negative affective states in patients with amygdala damage and age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. To assess chronic changes in experienced affect, all groups were administered the Positive and Negative Affect Schedules (PANAS, Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). In the first study, we examined the effects of amygdala lesions on affective traits in 10 left and 10 right amygdala-damaged patients, 1 patient with bilateral amygdala damage (SP), and 20 control subjects. Subjects were asked to indicate the typicality of different experiential states of positive (e.g., inspired, excited) and negative (e.g., afraid, nervous) valence. In a second study, we examined more closely the effects of bilateral amygdala damage on the day-to-day generation of affective states by administering the PANAS daily for a 30-day period to patient SP and age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. In both experiments, no differences in the magnitude and frequency of self-reported positive or negative affect were found between control subjects and patients with amygdala damage. Moreover, principal components analyses of the covariation among different affects (across individuals in Study 1 and within individuals across days in Study 2) confirmed a two-factor (positive vs. negative) description of experienced affect in controls. A highly similar two-factor description of experienced affect was found in patients with amygdala lesions. This suggests that the underlying structure of affective states was intact following amygdala damage. It is concluded that the human amygdala may be recruited during phenomenal affective states in the intact brain, but is not necessary for the production of these states.
Adult↗
Methods for using narrative text from injury reports to identify factors contributing to construction injury.
BACKGROUND: Several methods exist for classifying injuries from written text, thereby identifying possible points of intervention. We describe an innovative method for such classification. METHODS: Using Haddon's matrix as a framework, two independent reviewers coded text from over 4,000 injury reports into a qualitative software package to identify factors contributing to injuries sustained during construction of Denver International Airport (DIA). We compared our classification scheme with three others. RESULTS: This process created a coded data set, an expanded version of Haddon's matrix adapted for construction injury, and coding rules for interpreting narrative text. Haddon's matrix provides a flexible theoretical framework for coding information about a spectrum of contributing factors. CONCLUSIONS: Narrative descriptions from injury reports can provide detail on circumstances surrounding injuries and identify factors contributing to injury. Forms guiding investigators to explicitly consider human, organizational, and environmental factors could foster more complete descriptions of factors contributing to construction injury.
Accidents, Occupational↗
Inulin-induced activation of factor B in whole serum: description of structural modifications in the Ba fragment.
The investigation of inulin-induced conversion of human factor B in serum by isoelectrofocusing revealed physiological modifications in the primary structure of the Ba fragment. Evidence has been obtained that a nascent Ba, generated by the hydrolytic action of the D component on B in serum, was a short-lived product and that a fast release of carboxy-terminal arginine and lysine residues occurred involving a serum carboxypeptidase B enzyme.
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid↗
Hospital falls: development of a predictive model for clinical practice.
A retrospective case-control study related to falls was conducted at an 1,120-bed acute care tertiary hospital. The case (fall) sample consisted of 102 falls and 236 control (nonfall) charts during a 1-month period. An instrument developed by Hendrich (1988) was modified for use in the study. Demographic data and risk factors were recorded. Descriptive statistics included risk factor percentages for each sample and the corresponding univariate relative risks. Logistic regression was used to develop a multivariate risk factor model with seven risk factors. The significant risk factors were recent history of falls, depression, altered elimination patterns, dizziness or vertigo, primary cancer diagnosis, confusion, and altered mobility. The adjusted relative risks were converted to risk points to be used to assess a patient's level of fall risk. Within the data set, a sensitivity of 77% (79 of 102) and specificity of 72% (169 of 236) were calculated. The model was cross-validated in a 1987 data set with a sensitivity of 83% (59 of 71) and specificity of 66% (106 of 161).
Accidental Falls↗
Perceptions of determining factors in athletic achievement: an addendum to Hyllegard, et al. (2003).
In Hyllegard, et al.'s recent study (2003) on the importance of training and talent in athletic achievement, athletes rated only two factors for relevance. This description of relevant factors is too limited, as is indicated in studies with Dutch coaches and athletes. Athletic achievement is determined by more factors than just talent and training.
Achievement↗
Effect of seasonality on abomasal helminth community in alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex).
Abomasal helminths of 81 adult female ibex (Capra ibex ibex) from Piz Albris colony (CH) culled monthly from December 1989 to May 1991 were analyzed. Subjects were divided into six quarterly groups (I: December 1989-February 1990; II: March-May 1990; III: June-August 1990; IV: September-November 1990; V: December 1990-February 1991; VI: March-May 1991) in order to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of helminth community parameters (abundance, richness, sex-ratio, Berger-Parker dominance index, importance index, overall association between species by Schluter's variance test). All parameters showed considerable seasonality. Abundance was highest in group III, while richness was highest and Berger-Parker index lowest in group IV. Overall associations between species were positive in winter-spring groups and negative in summer-autumn. The importance index of the two dominant species (Teladorsagia circumcincta and Marshallagia marshalli) showed a symmetrical and opposite seasonal development. A significant negative correlation (Spearman r = -.30; p < .01) has been demonstrated between the Berger-Parker dominance index and factor scores descriptive of age and weight of the subjects. These results suggest that seasonal factors determine the community composition while host control can act as a filter maintaining a stable community structure.
Abomasum↗
A six-factor structure of personality-descriptive adjectives: solutions from psycholexical studies in seven languages.
Standard psycholexical studies of personality structure have produced a similar 6-factor solution in 7 languages (Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Polish). The authors report the content of these personality dimensions and interpret them as follows: (a) a variant of Extraversion, defined by sociability and liveliness (though not by bravery and toughness); (b) a variant of Agreeableness, defined by gentleness, patience, and agreeableness (but also including anger and ill temper at its negative pole); (c) Conscientiousness (emphasizing organization and discipline rather than moral conscience); (d) Emotionality (containing anxiety, vulnerability, sentimentality, lack of bravery, and lack of toughness, but not anger or ill temper); (e) Honesty-Humility; (f) Intellect/Imagination/Unconventionality. A potential reorganization of the Big Five factor structure is discussed.
Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
[Decrease in coronary heart disease mortality in 1974-1992 largely explainable by changes in cholesterol and smoking risk factors].
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain to what extent the dramatic decrease in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality from 1972 to the present can be attributed to a change in risk factors. DESIGN: Descriptive study based on literature data. SETTING: The Netherlands. METHODS: Changes in four risk factors were assessed: a survey on trends in average systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol from three national screening projects, conducted 1974-1980, among 30,000 men and women aged 37-43 years, 1981-1986 among 80,000 men aged 33-37 years, and 1987-1992 among 42,000 men and women aged 20-59 years, and the percentage of smokers observed by the Foundation on Public Health and Smoking in yearly surveys among 20,000 people from the age of 15. Using a preventable proportion calculation, the effect on mortality was estimated of the observed changes in these risk factors, applying published relative risks and regression coefficients for these risk factors for men. The estimated curves were compared with the coronary mortality curves observed by the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS: From 1974 to 1992 a substantial decrease in the percentage of smokers and in men a moderate decrease in average serum cholesterol level were observed. Serum cholesterol decreased little in women. Changes in blood pressure were not consistent. The calculations predicted a 33% decrease in CHD mortality; the decrease actually observed was 48% for men aged 20-69 and 42% for women. CONCLUSION: It appears that by far the largest proportion of the decrease in CHD mortality can be explained by a decrease in the values of relevant risk factors (cholesterol and smoking) and only a small part by improved therapy.
Adolescent↗
Polymorphism of factor H (beta 1H globulin) in Japanese: description of a new allele.
Polymorphism of factor H (HF) was investigated in 1060 unrelated Japanese individuals using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. Besides 6 different HF types a null type and an unusual type were observed. The family analysis suggested the hereditary occurrence of a new variant allele HF*C. The population data fitted the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, assuming that the null allele HF*QO occurs commonly. The allele frequencies were HF*A = 0.407 +/- 0.011, HF*B = 0.491 +/- 0.011, HF*A1 = 0.011 +/- 0.002 and HF*QO = 0.091 +/- 0.006. The HF polymorphism in Japanese was shown to be controlled by the above 4 common alleles.
Alleles↗
Factors associated with back pain in nursing staff: a survey in Athens, Greece.
Factors associated with self-reported back pain were investigated using questionnaire data on 407 female nurses from a large hospital in Athens, Greece. Factor analysis was used to construct indices of pain and its impact on normal life, and also to summarize work load descriptions. Pain factors were examined in relation to work load and personal characteristics by logistic regression. Statistically significant items, in relation both to pain and impact, were the existence of previous back injury, self-reported headaches and the 'carrying and lifting' factor of work load which principally included moving equipment. Age, height and weight were not associated with back pain. Compared to a similar study by Harber and colleagues in California, United States of America, the factors associated with back pain were quite similar in this study even though the prevalence of back pain was much higher among Greek nurses and their work load was physically much more demanding.
Back Pain↗
Prognostic factors in aggressive malignant lymphomas: description and validation of a prognostic index that could identify patients requiring a more intensive therapy. The Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes Agressifs.
The objectives of this study were to determine prognostic factors for response to treatment, freedom-from-relapse (FFR) survival, and overall survival of 737 aggressive malignant lymphoma patients treated with the doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, methylprednisolone, methotrexate with leucovorin, ifosfamide, etoposide, asparaginase, and cytarabine (LNH-84) regimen; to construct a prognostic index with factors isolated by multivariate analyses; and to validate this prognostic index with another set of patients. Complete response (CR) was reached in 75% of LNH-84 patients, and 30% of them relapsed. With a median follow-up of 36 months, median FFR survival and median overall survival were not reached. Low serum albumin level, high tumoral mass, weight loss, bone marrow involvement, greater than or equal to 2 extranodal sites, and increased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level were associated with a low response rate. Advanced stage, increased LDH level, and nonlarge-cell histologic subtypes (diffuse mixed, lymphoblastic, and small non-cleaved) were statistically associated with a high relapse rate and short FFR survival. Increased LDH level, low serum albumin level, tumoral mass larger than 10 cm, greater than or equal to 2 extranodal sites, advanced stage, and age older than 65 years were statistically associated with short overall survival. Four of these parameters, namely, LDH level, stage, number of extranodal sites, and tumoral mass, were put together to construct a prognostic index. This index partitioned LNH-84 patients into three subgroups of good, intermediate, and poor prognosis (P less than .00001): CR rates of 93%, 83%, and 61%; relapse rates of 12%, 25%, and 45%; 3-year FFR survival of 87%, 73%, and 53%, and 3-year survival of 88%, 71%, and 41%, respectively. This prognostic index was applied to a test set of patients: 155 patients treated on protocols of the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group. Using this index, these patients had 3-year FFR survival of 70%, 40%, and 22% (P = .0002) and 3-year survival of 79%, 52%, and 31% (P = .005). In patients with aggressive lymphomas, this simple prognostic index could distinguish between patients requiring intensive treatment such as autologous bone marrow transplantation in first complete remission and those who could be treated with standard regimens.
Adolescent↗
[Difficulties in conceiving. Discussion about methodology concerning the INED-INSERM survey carried out in France in 1988 on 3,181 women aged between 18 and 49].
Different types of enquiries can be carried out in the field of infertility: descriptive ones (to find out the "frequency" of difficulties in conceiving and their causes) or analytical ones (to show and quantify the risk factors). A descriptive one was conducted on a representative national sample of women ages 18 and 49 years by INED and INSERM in 1988. The results shown here deal with the proportions of women who had had difficulties in conceiving as well as those who had consulted doctors for this reason. One notes that 27% of the women who were questioned had had difficulties and of those who had been waiting for more than one year, 62% had consulted a doctor. On the other hand, from the knowledge that has been gained from this enquiry, some methodological points are discussed, as far as the precise definition of infertility, the sample on which the study is carried out as well as the measured variable (prevalence, annual incidence and cumulative incidence). A particular reference is made to another enquiry carried out on patients who consulted because of infertility in three departments of France in 1988-89.
Adolescent↗