Stereoscopic slant reversals: a new kind of 'induced' effect.
Data are presented from three experiments confirming an earlier finding that the stereoscopic slant perceived may be opposite to the geometrically predicted direction of slant (Gillam 1967). The stimulus for stereoscopic slant was created by imposing a disparity gradient on a frontal plane surface. Reversals are shown to occur readily for slants around a vertical axis but rarely for slant around a horizontal axis. Reversal frequency is greater for surfaces which have a regular pattern, providing good perspective information about slant. Cue conflict cannot explain reversals because adherence to perspective information predicts a perception of zero slant rather than reverse slant. A new explanation has been proposed attributing reversals to the ambiguity of horizontal disparity gradients and disambiguation of the disparity gradient by its relationship to the perspective gradient. It is shown that for any given disparity gradient there is a physical surface which would give rise to a slant reversed with respect to that normally predicted. Such a surface is eccentric in the field of view, with eccentricity given by the difference between the slants signalled by the disparity gradient and the perspective gradient. This explains why reversal responses to disparity gradients occur in the presence of perspective. It is proposed, on the basis of this analysis and the fact that reversals occur, that, like convergence and vertical disparity, perspective is a factor contributing to the correct scaling of disparity gradients in the horizontal meridian with respect to surface eccentricity.