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Results for “Drinking Behavior”

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PubMed1984

Relationship between reasons for drinking and customary drinking behavior.

In 80 subjects (28 women), a factor-analytic investigation of the relationship between the reasons for drinking and customary drinking behavior revealed that solitary drinking is associated with drinking in order to forget personal shortcomings, drinking to forget problems and disappointments, and drinking to be less concerned with what others think. Positive skewness proved to be a valid index of deviant drinking practices and motives. Some incidental findings indicated that heavy beer consumption occurs most among young men.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Correspondence between Interactive Voice Response (IVR) and Timeline Followback (TLFB) reports of drinking behavior.

This study compared reports of alcohol consumption using an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system and the Timeline Followback (TLFB). One hundred eighty-two daily smokers who were not alcohol dependent provided once daily reports of alcohol consumption using an IVR system and participated in a weekly TLFB interview. The reporting time period was 7 days after participants attempted to quit smoking as part of participation in a smoking cessation clinical trial. The results revealed moderate to high correlations between reports of drinking behavior as assessed by IVR and TLFB. Reporting biases for both IVR and TLFB were approximately equal, with a slight trend toward underreporting drinking on the TLFB. Compliance with the IVR system was poor. This study provides preliminary evidence that it is possible to use an IVR system for the assessment of alcohol use in smokers participating in a clinical trial, and IVR seems to adequately assess drinking behavior in those that use the system. However, future studies should focus on improving compliance with IVR in this population.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1998

Previous help seeking and motivation to change drinking behavior in alcohol-dependent general hospital patients.

To assess the suitability of implementing secondary prevention approaches for alcohol abuse and dependence in the general hospital, it is worth examining how many problem drinkers are detected in this setting for the first time and whether these individuals are motivated to change their drinking behavior. In a representative general hospital sample (N = 1167), subjects were detected by a two-step diagnostic procedure including screening instruments and a diagnostic interview during a period of 6 months on all medical and surgical wards. Of alcohol-dependent patients, 38.2% had received no help in their lifetime and 70.8% did not seek help in the year prior to admission. According to the stages of change model of Prochaska and DiClemente the minority (10.9%) of subjects detected as alcohol dependent for the first time were not considering changing their drinking behavior (precontemplation stage); 84.8% were either in the contemplation or action stage. Previous help seeking showed no significant relationship with the stages of change.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Plasma neuropeptide-Y levels, monoamine metabolism, electrolyte excretion and drinking behavior in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Against a background of (a) increased drinking behavior in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); (b) the parallel between some behaviors associated with ADHD and hypertension; (c) the use of the spontaneously hypertensive rat as a model for ADHD; and (d) similarities in the changes of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and catecholamine in studies of hypertension and drinking, NPY, catecholamines and electrolyte balance were compared in the plasma and urine of healthy children and those with ADHD. Drinking was monitored during 3 h of neuropsychological tests over 2 days in 14 ADHD and nine healthy children. Patients drank four times as much water and showed twice the levels of NPY found in controls. In controls there were positive and in patients there were negative relationships for NPY with drinking and restless behavior. Patients' plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine were slightly elevated, but urinary levels of NE and the serotonin metabolite were markedly increased. Urinary excretion rates for sodium (not potassium), phosphate and especially calcium were decreased in patients even after covarying for less urine production in the ADHD group. NPY levels were inversely related to calcium excretion and drinking was inversely related to circulating sodium. Increases of drinking and circulating NPY in ADHD children and decreased electrolyte excretion may reflect a common disturbance in metabolic homeostasis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Alcohol drinking behavior based on the neurochemical background. II. Alcohol preference and aging].

The present studies have investigated the relationship between alcohol behavior and aging in several strains of mice. First experiments have carried out whether a free choice of 10% (v/v) ethanol and tap water for 4 weeks changes the alcohol preference and the brain neurotransmitters in three inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6J, C3H/He and DBA/2Cr. Mice of these strains showed mean ethanol intakes of 4.41, 1.76 and 0.77 g/kg/day, respectively. Levels of the brain monoamines did not change in the alcohol preferring C57BL/6J mice, but in those with less preference of alcohol, C3H/He and DBA/2Cr, there were significant increases in dopamine and 5HT levels during the four weeks experiment. Second studies have reexamined if the factor of aging affects on the alcohol preference or drinking behavior in mice. Intake of 10% ethanol (ml/day) and alcohol preference (%) increased significantly with age. A further study was conducted in which groups of 16 week old mice were checked for alcohol preference along with a completely naive control group. The alcohol preference and alcohol intake were maximum in mice given free access to ethanol at 4 weeks of age. These results suggest that a) the mouse strain with a low preference of alcohol undergo neurochemical changes after exposure to 10% ethanol and water even be free choice, and b) alcohol drinking behaviors are not only affected on the general aspects but also the factor of aging and the conditions in which mice have expressed the accesses to alcohol.

Aging↗

PubMed2005

[Interrelationship among factors associated with drinking behaviors in dental students].

We analyzed the Kurihama Alcoholism Screening Test (KAST), the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (AAIS), the Fagerstroem Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), the Tokyo University ALDH2-Phenotype Screening Test (TAST), results of ethanol patch tests, the presence or absence of a smoking habit, and gender by "Hayashi's quantification theory, type II" in 415 senior students (232 males and 183 females) of a dental college between 2000 and 2003, and evaluated their relationships. When drinking education is given to dental students, both the prevention of acute alcohol intoxication by chugging and the prevention of alcohol dependence in students with drinking behavior suggesting this tendency are necessary. For acute alcohol intoxication, attention can be aroused in students with positive ethanol patch tests. However, there is no definite instruction method for the prevention of alcohol dependence. Therefore, we analyzed the relationships among drinking, smoking, and constitution based on data obtained during the 4 years when the above 3 types of surveys were performed. Plotting of the results of analysis showed that the students can be classified by the ethanol patch test and TAST into those with "alcohol-sensitive" constitution and those with "alcohol-tolerant" constitution. Most problem drinkers were "alcohol-tolerant". KAST showed plotting along the constitution axis from "normal drinking group" to "problem drinking borderline group" but a change in the angle to an L shape at the transfer point from "problem drinking borderline group" to "problem drinking group", showing more serious states along the smoking axis. These results suggest that drinking behavior is first regulated by alcohol- sensitive or alcohol-tolerate constitution, and alcohol-tolerate students with a smoking habit have alcohol dependence tendency, and tend to show serious problem drinking. Improvement in the drinking habit is necessary in alcohol-tolerate students with a smoking habit so that they will not develop alcohol dependence.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Intestinal Na+ and Cl- levels control drinking behavior in the seawater-adapted eel Anguilla japonica

To analyze drinking mechanisms in seawater teleosts, seawater-adapted eels were used as a model system. When the intestine of the eel was perfused with iso-osmotic mannitol, the eels drank sea water. However, when the perfusion medium was switched to iso-osmotic NaCl, seawater drinking was depressed. This depression was observed even after blocking NaCl absorption across the intestine by replacement of the perfusate with choline chloride or by treatment with furosemide, an inhibitor of NaCl and water absorption across the eel intestine. Furthermore, depression of drinking rate preceded an increase in urine flow by over 1 h. These results indicate that this depression is not due to a recovery of blood volume and suggest that intestinal Cl- itself inhibits drinking. Direct action of luminal Cl- on drinking behavior was further supported by the observation that perfusion with iso-osmotic NMDG-HCl, Tris-HCl, choline chloride and RbCl all inhibited seawater drinking. When NaCl in the perfusion medium was replaced with sodium acetate, sodium butyrate, sodium methylsulfate or NaSCN, the drinking rate was enhanced threefold, suggesting that Na+ itself stimulates drinking in the absence of Cl-. In the present study, concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the swallowed fluid were also measured simultaneously. As the drinking rate was enhanced, the Na+ and Cl- concentrations in the gastrointestinal fluid were increased. On the basis of these results, it seems possible that high concentrations of Cl- in the intestine reduce the drinking rate, thus lowering esophageal Cl- concentration due to desalination of the ingested sea water. When Cl- concentration in the intestine falls below a certain level, Na+ will stimulate seawater drinking again.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological correlates of drinking behavior in social drinker college students.

Psychological adjustment, cognitive functioning, and drinking behaviors have been shown to discriminate between alcoholic and control populations. Few data exist on the discriminatory power of such measures among social drinkers differing on alcohol intake level. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and psychological/cognitive functioning in a group of social drinker college students made up of equal numbers of males and females, matched on age and education, and varying on amount of alcohol consumed per drinking episode. Results indicate no relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning in this group of social drinkers. Drinking and psychological profiles of heavy social drinkers were very similar to those of diagnosed alcoholics and very dissimilar to light social drinkers. Such a finding suggests that these types of profiles may have predictive value for identifying at-risk social drinkers in the general population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Comparison of two techniques to obtain retrospective reports of drinking behavior from alcohol abusers.

Two different interview techniques, used to obtain retrospective reports of daily drinking behavior from alcohol abusers, were empirically evaluated for degree of consistency. Fifteen male alcohol abusers receiving outpatient treatment for alcohol problems participated in two different studies: an alcohol treatment outcome study conducted by the Rand Corporation, and an evaluation of the reliability and validity of a time-line follow-back interview technique. The degree of consistency of self-reports of certain demographic information as well as drinking and related behaviors occurring 30 days pretreatment was evaluated Correlational and scatterplot analyses showed a moderate to high degree of agreement between the two data sources, leading confidence to the information obtained from each of the interview methods. Limits on the generalizability of these findings are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed2006

Preliminary data on the association among the serotonin transporter polymorphism, subjective alcohol experiences, and drinking behavior.

OBJECTIVE: Individual differences in subjective responses to alcohol are believed to have a genetic basis and have been associated with increased risk of alcohol-related problems. There are, however, conflicting results from past studies, perhaps owing to differences in subjective alcohol effects by limb of the blood alcohol curve and the passage of time. The current pilot study evaluated relations among serotonin transporter (SERT) genotype, subjective alcohol responses, and drinking behavior across both the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol curve. METHOD: Participants (N=222; 68% male) were administered alcohol (target blood alcohol concentration of .06%) with a subsample (n=86) providing genetic data. Following a social stressor, participants were provided the opportunity to engage in ad libitum alcohol consumption. RESULTS: SERT transporter was not significantly associated with ad lib drinking or subjective alcohol effects at individual time points, although a trend toward a SERT by blood alcohol concentration limb interaction was observed for ad lib drinking. In addition, SERT genotype predicted acute tolerance to alcohol effects, with participants homozygous for the long SERT allele developing acute tolerance more rapidly than other genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Although SERT genotype was not reliably associated with ad lib drinking behavior, the results suggest that individuals with the long-long (LL) genotype may develop acute tolerance to alcohol effects more rapidly than heterozygotes or individuals homozygous for the short SERT allele.

Affect↗

PubMed1983

[Determination of mental dependence liability of drugs using small animals. 3. Selective drinking behavior of mice caused by dependence-liable drugs].

Using mice, drug solution-directed drinking behavior was investigated in the choice test between drug solution and tap water following various regimes of pretreatment. In the preliminary experiments, the concentration of the drug solution for the pretreatment and choice test and also the dose of injection was determined for each drug, depending on the amount of the drug to produce its CNS action without any undesirable toxic effect. The duration of pretreatment and the succeeding choice test was also settled as 6 days. Animals forcedly given morphine or cocaine as the drinking solution during pretreatment showed elevated preference for drug solution in the choice test. High grade preference was demonstrated for cocaine and amphetamine solution after pretreatment with injections of the drugs. Combined pretreatment potentiated the effect of these drugs. With barbital or ethanol, no appreciable reinforcing effect was found under the present experimental conditions. Thus, in addition to the experience with the drug solution, the injection of the drug facilitated the development of preference for the drug and demonstrates the positive reinforcing properties of the drugs which possess high grade psychic dependence liability. The validity of mice for the purpose of screening psychic dependence liable drugs and the restrictions on its application are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

IDN 5082, a standardized extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, delays acquisition of alcohol drinking behavior in rats.

Recent research demonstrated that extracts from the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a valued folk medicine in China, are effective in reducing voluntary alcohol intake in selectively bred Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats. These studies were conducted in alcohol-experienced sP rats, i.e. rats which had the opportunity to consume alcohol for several weeks before the test with Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts, reproducing the human "active drinking" phase. In contrast, the present study investigated the effect of IDN 5082, a standardized extract of S. miltiorrhiza, on the acquisition of alcohol drinking behavior in sP rats that had never experienced alcohol before the study. Consistently, the first administration of IDN 5082 (0, 25, 50 and 100mg/kg; i.g.) occurred immediately before alcohol presentation. Alcohol was offered under the two-bottle free-choice regimen with unlimited access for 24h per day. Treatment with IDN 5082 was repeated once daily for 10 consecutive days. IDN 5082 dose-dependently delayed acquisition of alcohol drinking behavior; IDN 5082-induced reduction in alcohol intake was compensated by an increase in water intake. These results add further support to the preclinical anti-alcohol profile of S. miltiorrhiza extracts.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed2005

Gene-environmental interactions between alcohol-drinking behavior and ALDH2 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and their impact on micronuclei frequency in human lymphocytes.

Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome p4502E1 (CYP2E1) and catalase. This metabolite is then detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme in the elimination of acetaldehyde, via further oxidation to acetic acid. The toxic effects of acetaldehyde are well documented and may be partially mediated by genotoxic damage. In the present study, we investigated the effects of alcohol-drinking behavior and genetic polymorphisms in two different genes (ALDH2 and CYP2E1) on the micronuclei (MN) frequency in 248 healthy Japanese men. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. The ALDH2 variant (deficient type) was significantly associated with an increased MN frequency in subjects drinking more than three times/wk, while habitual drinkers with wild-type CYP2E1 also had a significantly increased MN frequency. Furthermore, when the subjects were divided into eight groups according to their drinking frequency and genotypes of ALDH2 and CYP2E1, we found that habitual drinkers with homozygous CYP2E1*1/*1 and heterozygous ALDH2*1/*2 or homozygous ALDH2*2/*2 showed the highest mean MN frequency. In the present study, we found clear associations among ALDH2 and CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms, alcohol-drinking behavior and genotoxic effects in a healthy Japanese population. Therefore, analysis of the polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes may lead to elucidation of the mechanism(s) for individual susceptibilities to the toxicity of ethanol metabolites.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Ecological momentary assessment in a behavioral drinking moderation training program.

We assessed predictors of self-reported excessive drinking (> 5 drinks) in a sample of heavy drinkers. Participants were randomly assigned to moderation training or a waiting-list control condition. They were trained in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involving self-monitoring of drinking and other variables on a small hand-held computer, the electronic diary (ED). During the 8-week study, participants were compliant in their use of the ED for both random prompts and the entry of data related to specific drinking episodes. Generalized estimating equations were used to fit models involving predictors related to past history of drinking, aspects of the training program, drinking restraint, and episode-specific mood. The models indicated robust predictors of decreased and increased drinking. Our results suggest that EMA is a useful methodology for assessing drinking and related behaviors.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Factor structure of the drinking behavior interview in a private inpatient treatment program.

The 32-item Drinking Behavior Interview (DBI) was administered to 103 patients newly admitted to a private, inpatient, alcohol problems treatment unit. When intercorrelations among the 32 variables were subjected to factor analysis, DBI profiles of alcoholics in this population differed primarily along four major dimensions: close interpersonal relationships, physical symptoms, societal functioning and alcohol consumption. Whereas the DBI has previously been used to define a single composite alcoholism index, these results suggest the importance of considering differences in components of the DBI profile pattern.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1977

The neuroanatomy of eating and drinking behavior.

For a number of years, the hypothalamus has been assigned the central and virtually exclusive role in regulating eating and drinking behavior. Now this concept is being challenged by new experimental evidence showing that ingestive as well as other behaviors are profoundly influenced by several neural tracts, particularly the neuroamine pathways, that may pass through the hypothalamus.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Effects of cue prominence and palatability on the drinking behavior of obese and normal humans.

This study examines the effects of cue salience and palatability (water temperature) on the water drinking of obese and normal subjects. Obese subjects drink more than do normal subjects when the water cue is prominent but do not do so when this cue is remote. Palatability does not differentially affect the drinking behavior of obese and normal subjects. These results support the extension to nonfood stimuli of the hypothesis of the hyperreactivity of the obese to prominent cues.

Attention↗

PubMed1997

Relationship between the flushing response and drinking behavior among Japanese high school students.

In a study of the relationship between the flushing response and drinking behavior, the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale was used to survey 932 male and female Japanese high school students identified by the ethanol patch test as flushers (338; 36.3%) and nonflushers (594; 63.7%). The goal was to clarify whether the flushing response inhibits adolescent drinking. Students with the flushing response reported drinking significantly less than nonflushers with respect to both frequency and amount. Although the flushing response was associated with less drinking, the flushers and nonflushers had similar drinking partners and reasons for drinking, and their total Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale scores did not differ significantly. The survey showed that many flushers were seeking the pleasures of alcohol despite the discomforts it caused, suggesting that Japanese adolescents need more education on the risks of adolescent drinking.

Adolescent↗