Videotape cassette: use in dental education.
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Dental educators become vulnerable to student lawsuits if they ignore legislative changes and judicial decisions that affect all academic units in higher education. Issues involving contractual considerations, privacy and grading, and recent copyright revisions are of particular interest to those faculty actively engaged in teaching. Knowledge of these issues as they relate to the course director's daily responsibilities will better prepare the dental educator to avoid litigation and to know when to seek advice of institutional counsel.
BACKGROUND: The authors present the major findings from ADA-sponsored education summit meetings in 2001 and 2002 that addressed the issues of dental education costs, dental student debt levels at graduation and budgeted unfilled dental school faculty positions. OVERVIEW: The meetings included representation from the ADA, the American Dental Education Association, the American Student Dental Association, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and ADA-recognized dental specialty organizations. National experts on the three issue areas made formal presentations. State funds for dental education declined 22 percent from 1991 to 1998, after adjusting for inflation. Reductions in state budgets for 2002 and 2003 suggest further declines in state support. To cope with declining revenues, schools increased student tuition and fees 10 percent annually from 1991 to 1998, contributing to increasing levels of student educational debt, which in 2000 averaged dollar 87,600. Dental schools also have decreased their investment in physical plant and faculty numbers. Annual faculty salaries have increased 3 percent, while practitioner income has increased 7 percent. Academic income disparities with private practice have contributed to dental schools having almost 400 unfilled faculty positions. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Dental education is facing severe financial challenges that likely will increase. While there are no easy solutions, schools must make greater efforts to reduce operating expenses and seek more state and federal support for dental education. The ADA approved the summit reports, and the ADA House of Delegates adopted six resolutions that support the summits' recommendations.
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At the end of the revolution against the Tokugawa Shogun in 1868, the new Meiji government introduce Western medicine and science into Japan. Dental education, however, was neglected by the new regime. Dr. Kisai Takayama, a Samurai warrior turned dentist, realized this and established the first dental school in Japan in 1890. Meeting a definite need, the school expanded several times and introduced into the country standards which raised Japanese dental education to the level of that in the Western world. In 1990, the hundredth anniversary celebration of the school was held, following the completion of the school's magnificent new campus in 1981 and a new headquarters building in 1990.
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COPMED recommends the maintenance of effective educational networks, the development of PGMDE institutes, with each institute to be headed by a postgraduate dean and to have an education committee and a management board, and the establishment of regional strategic health care education boards.