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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Clearance of a persistent human enterovirus infection of the mouse central nervous system by the antiviral agent disoxaril.

Enteroviruses can cause persistent central nervous system (CNS) infections in agammaglobulinemic individuals. Because these infections are rarely cured by passive administration of antibody, a chemotherapeutic approach would be advantageous. In this study, the efficacy of the antienterovirus (and antipicornavirus) drug disoxaril was demonstrated in a murine model of persistent enterovirus infection. Disoxaril is a hydrophobic antiviral compound that blocks picornavirus uncoating. The W-2 strain of human poliovirus type 2 (PV2) persists in the CNS of immunosuppressed mice and causes late paralysis. Mice were inoculated intracerebrally with PV2, immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, and treated intragastrically with disoxaril at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg per day in two divided doses beginning on postinfection day 20. At 200 mg/kg per day, disoxaril significantly decreased the incidence of clinical disease, i.e., paralysis and death. Assays for virus revealed more rapid clearance of virus from the CNS in the drug-treated group. No drug-associated toxicity was observed. Residual isolates of virus were not drug-resistant, suggesting that the appearance of drug resistance during prolonged treatment may not be a clinical problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Enterovirus infections in Toronto during 1962.

Of 37 children from Toronto and surrounding districts who developed aseptic meningitis during summer 1962, 17 excreted Echo 9 virus in feces and/or cerebrospinal fluid, 12 of whom showed rising or elevated Echo 9 antibody levels in paired sera. A further two patients yielded Echo 14 virus from cerebrospinal fluid, one of whose feces also contained this virus, and both patients showed rising Echo 14 antibody titres. Morbilliform rashes without rhinitis or conjunctivitis were encountered in three Echo 9 excretors who had aseptic meningitis and in six patients without meningitis, three of whom yielded Echo 9 virus.Paralytic poliomyelitis was encountered in three patients, all of whom excreted polioviruses which showed aluminum marker characteristics of virulent strains. One Type III patient presented with twitching and left-sided hemiparesis.Febrile reactions accompanied by headache or other symptoms were observed in seven children who ingested Sabin trivalent poliovirus vaccine one to 17 days previously. All made complete clinical recoveries. Polioviruses with aluminum or temperature markers typical of attenuated vaccine strains were isolated from feces of all patients, including Type III from five patients, Type I from three patients and Type II from one patient.

Child↗
PubMed2003

[Enterovirus infections diagnosed in middle Norway during the period 1992-2001].

BACKGROUND: Enteroviruses comprise polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, ECHO viruses and the newer enteroviruses. Poliovirus is now declared eradicated from Europe, but viruses from the other three groups are still frequent causes of human diseases, ranging from mild upper respiratory infections to multi-organ failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a survey of 438 patients with enteroviral diseases diagnosed from 1992 to 2001. Enteroviral infections were diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction, isolation by tissue culture, and in a few cases by electron microscopy. Clinical information was gathered from referral forms and patient files. 172 of the isolates were typed. RESULTS: Meningitis, gastroenteritis, respiratory disease and fever were the most frequent diseases. ECHO virus 30, ECHO virus 6 and coxsackievirus A16 were the most common serotypes. 33 % of patients were younger than two years of age. INTERPRETATION: Our clinical data demonstrate the wide spectrum of diseases that enterovirus infections may cause. We have found a relatively high proportion of patients with encephalitis. The association between enterovirus and gastroenteritis is discussed. Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis; enterovirus polymerase chain reaction should be performed routinely when dealing with this disease. Our data also illustrate the superior sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction compared to culture, though culturing is still needed as a source of supplementary information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of enterovirus infection on susceptibility of HeLa cells to Shigella flexneri invasivity.

Invasiveness of Shigella flexneri M90T in HeLa cells was significantly increased when cells were preinfected with poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus B3 and echovirus 6. This effect was dependent on the dose of virus used, evident at early stages of viral infection and lasted hours before the appearance of a cytopathic effect. An increase of bacterial invasion ability was also noticed when HeLa cells were incubated with UV-inactivated enteroviruses. This enhancing effect obtained with both viable and UV-inactivated enteroviruses was not observed when in coinfection experiments HN555, a mutant of S. flexneri M90T which lacked invasive properties, was used. The data presented here suggest that the early steps of enterovirus infection induce some alterations of HeLa cells which are responsible for the enhancing of the invasiveness of S. flexneri M90T, but not sufficient to promote internalization of a non-invasive strain.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Protracted atypical course of enterovirus infection].

Two cases are presented of replication of enteroviruses over a long period of time, that caused a protracted atypical clinical course of infection. No typical clinical markers of infection can be seen in the wake of enterovirus replication; the replication itself can be of a protracted recurrent character. Replication of enteroviruses is capable of inducing a protracted recurrent subfebrile condition in adults that has no clinical signs of immunodeficiency state. Parallel activation of replication of a number of viruses, according to our data, is a widespread phenomenon, which fact is to be taken account of in planning examination and treatment strategies. Laboratory tests are needed for the activation of diseases of enteroviral etiology to be ascertained.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Outbreak of severe neurologic involvement associated with Enterovirus 71 infection.

Enterovirus 71 has been associated with several outbreaks, as well as sporadic cases, of central nervous system infection and has a worldwide distribution. Seven children with encephalitis and five with aseptic meningitis caused by Enterovirus 71 were seen at Otsu Municipal Hospital during the summer of 1997. The infections were confirmed serologically, although detection of the viral genome in cerebrospinal fluid was unsuccessful. Seven children were diagnosed as having hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome, two were diagnosed as having herpangina, and three patients younger than 12 months old developed no eruptions. The skin or mucosal manifestations of this outbreak demonstrated considerable variation. The Enterovirus 71 strain that caused the outbreak had a strong neurovirulent tendency. Among the patients with encephalitis, symptoms originating from the impairment of diencephalon were seen in four patients, and those originating from cerebellar impairment were seen in two patients. Brain magnetic resonance imaging in one patient revealed an abnormality in the pons. The neurologic manifestations associated with Enterovirus 71 infection may be characterized by involvement of the cerebellum, brainstem, and diencephalon. Enterovirus 71 is one of the pathogenic viruses that cause hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome, as well as a variety of other clinical manifestations. The most important of these is neurologic disease, especially in infants and young children.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1999

Pulmonary enterovirus infections in stem cell transplant recipients.

In recent years, it has been recognised that the community respiratory viruses are a frequent cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised hosts such as bone marrow transplant recipients. By contrast, infections by non-polio enteroviruses have rarely been reported after stem cell transplantation. We present four cases of acute respiratory illness with enterovirus isolated as the sole pathogen from bronchoalveolar lavage. All four patients developed pneumonia and three died of progressive pneumonia, which reflects the severity of this complication. We conclude that enteroviral pulmonary infections may be a cause of severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prognostic implications of myoclonic jerk in children with enterovirus infection.

To determine the prognostic value of myoclonic jerk in children with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, a retrospective study was conducted on 665 enterovirus culture-confirmed patients admitted to Chang Gung Children's Hospital from January 2000 to September 2001. The mean age was 35.0 months +/- 32.2 months, ranging from 1 day to 15 years and 416 (62.6%) of them were male. Among these patients, 140 (21.1%) had EV71 isolated, and 150 (22.6%) had myoclonic jerk. Fifty one percent (72/140) of EV71 cases and only 15% (78/525) of non-EV71 cases had myoclonic jerk (p<0.001). The age of enterovirus patients with myoclonic jerk was younger than that of patients without myoclonic jerk (23.2 +/- 17.6 vs 38.4 +/- 34.6 months, p=0.005). The hospitalization and fever durations were significantly longer in the EV71 group than in the non-EV71 group (8.3 +/- 13 vs 4.2 +/- 2.7 days, p<0.001; 5.9 +/- 4.8 vs 4.2 +/- 3.0 days, p=0.009, respectively). Patients with myoclonic jerk also had higher percentages of severe illness, and neurologic sequelae (20% and 9%, respectively) than those without myoclonic jerk (5% and 1%, respectively) [p<0.001]. The positive predictive values of myoclonic jerk for EV71 infection, severe cases, and neurologic sequelae were 0.48, 0.20, and 0.09, respectively; the negative predictive values for severe cases and neurologic sequelae were 0.95 and 0.99, respectively. This study demonstrated that myoclonic jerk and EV71 infection are both independently associated with more severe disease and higher incidence of neurologic sequelae.

Adolescent↗