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Results for “Expression of Concern”

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PubMed2000

Use of child reports of daily functioning to facilitate identification of psychosocial problems in children.

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of effective screening measures, physicians fail to identify and manage many children with psychosocial problems. Physicians are most likely to identify children with psychosocial problems when parents voice concerns about their child's functioning. However, few parents express concerns to their child's physician, and children's perspectives of their own functioning are rarely considered. This study evaluated the potential utility of children's reports of their own functioning. METHODS: The Child Functioning Scale (CFS) was completed by 107 parents and children and compared with the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) and physician reports on the psychosocial status of each child. RESULTS: Physicians identified 20% of the children identified by the PSC. Children's self-reported problems on the CFS would have identified 53.3% of these children. Additionally, 11.2% of children who did not meet criteria on the PSC self-reported problems in daily functioning. CONCLUSION: Collecting information about children's perceptions of their own daily functioning could provide physicians with an additional tool for the assessment of psychosocial problems.

Child↗

PubMed2002

Expression of galectins in cancer: a critical review.

A large body of literature has examined and described galectin expression in cancer. Discrepancies have been observed in the reported data, which hampered clear understanding of the expression profiles. This relates to the use of different types of methods that evaluate either global or specific gene expression in heterogeneous cancer tissue samples, type of antibodies used in immunohistochemistry and procedures of comparison of gene expression. In this manuscript, we review the main data concerning expression of galectins in human cancer. Only galectin-1 and galectin-3, the most abundant and examined galectins, will be examined here.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Genetic research and testing in critical care: surrogates' perspective.

OBJECTIVE: Genetic testing is increasingly a component of clinical research in critical illness and has potential for integration into routine care. This study explored the perspectives of surrogate decision-makers (SDMs) for acutely ill patients with respect to social, legal, and ethical aspects of genetic testing. SETTING: Medical and surgical intensive care units in an urban tertiary care hospital. INTERVENTION: Questionnaires administered to SDMs for critically ill patients over a 12-month period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A majority of eligible SDMs participated (117/146; 80.8%). SDMs were more likely to permit genetic testing for purposes of diagnosing a treatable life-threatening disease (114/117; 97.4%) or chronic disease (111/117; 94.9%) than for an untreatable life-threatening illness (95/117; 81.2%) (p < .001). SDMs were receptive to testing to explain familial traits (112/117; 95.7%) or ethnic traits (105/117; 89.7%) (p = .131). SDMs were concerned about potential for economic discrimination, with a majority expressing reluctance to permit testing if employers (93/117; 79.5%), health insurers (90/117; 76.9%), or life insurers (92/117; 78.6%) could access results. There was a greater willingness to allow participation in studies in which data were collected anonymously (90/117; 76.9%) vs. nonanonymously (75/117; 64.1%) (p = .04). Finally, SDMs placed greater trust in universities and nonprofit organizations (107/117; 91.4%) than either the federal government (75/117; 64.1%) or pharmaceutical companies (46/117; 39.3%) to perform genetic research (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: SDMs expressed concerns regarding economic discrimination, confidentiality of data, and trust in entities conducting clinical investigation that may represent barriers both to performing studies in which genetic information is collected and to implementation of gene-based technologies in the critical care environment.

Biomedical Research↗

PubMed1977

Persistent themes: a naturalistic study of personality development in the family.

This pilot longitudinal study of normal children and their families examines the associations noted between behaviors appearing in early childhood and concerns expressed by the same youngster fifteen years later. These concerns were seen to be related to continuing transactions around a particular issue within the family system. A case description of the evolution of the particular patterns of one of the family systems studied and the details of their recurring negotiations includes an examination of two subsystems of the family unit: the mother-infant pair and the parenting couple. The impact of this family system's struggle upon the developing youngster and her personality as a late adolescent is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Patterns of pesticide usage by cereal crop farmers in Western Australia.

In Western Australia there has been an increase in the use of herbicides in recent years due to a change in farming practices. This change, together with more general public concern over exposure to chemicals, has resulted in farmers expressing concern over the possible long term health effects from exposure to herbicides. As part of a long term study of the possible health effects from such exposure, a survey was carried out to establish the extent of pesticide use within the cereal farming community of Western Australia. Of the 9,408 properties surveyed, 2,921 responses were received which represents a 32.2% response rate. The results indicate that a wide range of chemicals are used as insecticides, fumigants, seed dressings, seed pickles, herbicides, and rodent poisons. At the time of the survey in 1985, products containing prespruf and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) were the most popular insecticide, and products containing diquat, diclofop-methyl, chlorsulfuron and glyphosate as active ingredients represented the four most popular herbicides.

Agriculture↗

PubMed1999

At what cost? The social impact of American Indian gaming.

American Indian gaming has been called the "new buffalo." It has the potential to greatly influence cultural traditions on American Indian reservations. This study looks at the social impact that American Indian gaming is having on one reservation in northern Minnesota. Tribal members share strong feelings, both positive and negative, about the issue. Concerns about gaming include an increase in gambling abuse and addiction; a lack of appropriate child care; and concern that gaming is replacing traditional social activities. Some express concern that American Indian values are being replaced by materialism. Supporters of gaming point out that gaming provides tribal members with an opportunity to learn job skills and have gainful employment. Implications for social policy are given.

Cultural Characteristics↗

PubMed2004

Expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 and their clinicopathological significance in primary gastric malignant lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 in malignant lymphoma of the stomach and explore their role in progression of primary gastric malignant lymphoma. METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues from 56 cases of primary gastric malignant lymphoma and their adjacent non-tumor mucosa were evaluated for PTEN and Caspase-3 protein expression by streptavidin-biotin-complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry. Their expression was compared with clinical tumor parameters with the relationship between PTEN and Caspase-3 expression concerned as well. RESULTS: The positive rate of PTEN expression in primary gastric lymphomas (50.0%, 28/56) was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-tumor gastric mucosa (96.4%, 27/28) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 43 of 56 (76.8%) gastric lymphomas indicated Caspase-3 expression, less than that in adjacent non-tumor mucosa (93.5%, 29/31) (P < 0.05). The expression of PTEN was negatively correlated with invasion and lymph node metastasis of gastric lymphoma (P < 0.05), while the Caspase-3 expression was negatively associated with the latter one (P < 0.05). Additionally, the PTEN expression was positively correlated with Caspase-3 expression in the primary gastric malignant lymphoma (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The down-regulated expression of PTEN and Caspase-3 played an important role in progression of primary malignant gastric lymphoma. PTEN, as a molecular marker of pathobiological behaviors of tumor, contributes to tumor progression by increasing cell mobility and angiogenesis, as well as decreasing cell adhesion and apoptosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Malaria control in East Africa: the Kampala Conference and the Pare-Taveta Scheme: a meeting of common and high ground.

The 1950 Malaria Conference in Equatorial Africa, held in Kampala, Uganda, has been remembered primarily for its decision to control malaria '...by modern methods as soon as feasible, whatever the original degree of endemicity, and without awaiting the outcome of further experiments.' This decision was far from conclusive and, indeed, reflects only one side of the argument which brought two groups of malariologists into direct opposition on the wisdom of malaria control in equatorial Africa, using modern methods such as DDT. Through an examination of the unpublished verbatim transcript of the Kampala Conference, we are able to document the 'furious debates' which took place at Kampala in 1950. We highlight, in particular, the adamant concerns expressed by some of the delegates that intervention in areas of high malaria transmission might lead to a loss of naturally acquired immunity which, in turn, could give rise to a resurgence of malaria, should the control strategies fail to be sustained. As we show, this concern had been expressed by a number of malariologists working in East Africa in the first half of the twentieth century, but it was only with the advent of DDT, as a residual insecticide, that the implications of wide-spread control, in the absence of any knowledge of the long-term consequences, became a serious possibility. While the Kampala Conference gave the 'go ahead' to control malaria in Africa without awaiting the outcome of 'further experiments', a number of participants insisted that a field trial should be set up to evaluate the impact of malaria on areas of high transmission both before and after spraying: to this end, a field trial in Pare-Taveta was carried out in 1954-59. In this paper we look at the Kampala Conference for its scientific debates and the Pare-Taveta Scheme for its field applications. In the final part of the paper, we address a number of questions raised at Kampala which have, once more, become contentious issues, following the recent successful trials of ITBNs. We believe that an understanding of the historical foundations of these issues should provide an important component of the new WHO campaign to Roll Back Malaria.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Platelet-derived growth factor.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent activator for cells of mesenchymal origin. Two different PDGF chains termed A and B encoded by different genes have been identified leading to three different PDGF isoforms, the AA and BB homodimers and the AB heterodimer. All three forms have been observed in vivo and possess biological activity in vitro with the AA homodimer being the poorest cellular mitogen. The availability of highly purified recombinant PDGF isoforms was the initial basis for comparative studies in order to specify the different spectra of activity of the various PDGF species. This review is particularly focused on AB heterodimer as from the standpoint of heterologous gene expression, this species is the one with the highest demands concerning expression and purification protocols. This explains the fact that, in comparison to PDGF-BB, only very limited data on the in vivo application of PDGF-AB are available so far.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Development and evaluation of a measure of concerns related to raising a child with a physical disability.

Developed a measure of perceived disability-related stress, the Parents of Children with Disabilities Inventory (PCDI). A content analysis of concerns expressed by mothers identified four primary domains: Medical and Legal Concerns, Concerns for the Child, Concerns for the Family, and Concerns for the Self. Item analysis performed on an initial item pool administered to 48 mothers recruited from area spina bifida and cerebral palsy clinics identified 40 items for further investigation. Psychometric evaluation of this final version was, performed based on additional data collected from 63 mothers from the same clinics. The organization and reliability of the PCDI were confirmed through traditional measures of internal consistency and test-retest reliability over a 2-month interval. Preliminary support for the construct validity of the PCDI was provided through the confirmation of several hypothesized relationships. Scores on the PCDI were significantly related to maternal mental and physical health. Concerns for the Self scale made a significant unique contribution to these prediction models. Findings provide preliminary support for the PCDI being an appropriate and informative measure of perceived disability-related stress to be used with mothers of children with physical disabilities.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Attitudes about genetics in underserved, culturally diverse populations.

OBJECTIVE: New medical discoveries regarding genetic susceptibility to common chronic diseases, and the decoding of the human genome have increased public attention to genetics. What information is understood and what attitudes exist towards genetics and genetic research have not been well examined in underserved, culturally diverse communities. METHODS: To better understand attitudes and beliefs towards genetics and genetic testing in these groups, we conducted eight focus groups with 55 patients and health care workers in New York City and Westchester, N.Y., in English, Spanish, and Chinese. RESULTS: Focus group participants had limited understanding about genetics or genetic testing. Newborn screening was the least-known genetic issue, even among health care workers. Regardless of their cultural group, most participants expressed a desire for more information about genetics and genetic tests. Latinos and Chinese participants generally expressed positive attitudes towards genetic studies and genetic testing, with the possibility of preventing diseases cited as the main advantage. Black Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites reported mixed feelings about genetic research and genetic testing. Concerns expressed included: anxiety before receiving test results or waiting for a disease to develop, fear of genetic discrimination by health and life insurance companies and employers, not having the financial means to deal with genetic diseases in themselves or a sick child, concern that children and adults are having too many tests. Black Americans expressed the most concern for possibly harmful use of genetic information. CONCLUSIONS: Minority populations of diverse cultures have limited knowledge about genetics and genetic testing, would like to have more information, and are not well reached by the current educational approaches. Participants knew the least about newborn screening, a test that is mandatory in the New York State. While genetic knowledge by minority populations was perhaps not different from the level of knowledge of consumers in general, minority populations are at particular risk of being left behind because of historically poor access to information and services.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Mesodermal expression of the chicken erg gene associated with precartilaginous condensation and cartilage differentiation.

The ets gene superfamily encodes a class of transcription factors that bind to a purine rich sequence through a 85 amino-acid ETS domain. Among them, the human erg gene has been found to be involved in Ewing's sarcoma, primitive neurectodermal tumour of childhood and acute myeloid leukaemia. Nevertheless, little is known about human erg expression. Northern blot analyses have shown a human erg expression restricted to few cell lines and thymus, but the status concerning expression during development remains unknown probably because no homologue of this gene has yet been isolated and studied in other vertebrates. We thus choose to clone the chicken erg gene (ck-erg) and to study its expression during chicken development. We obtained a bona fide clone of ck-erg and defined the transcriptional modulating properties of its product. The ck-Erg protein acts as a transcriptional activator through a conventional consensus ETS binding site. Northern blot studies on various chicken tissues, in situ analyses and comparison with the well-characterised c-ets-1 expression show that ck-erg is expressed in mesoderm- and, to a lesser extent, in ectoderm-derived tissues. During chicken development, two salient features could be observed. From stage E1 to E3.5, ck-erg expression was widely distributed in mesodermal derivatives and neural crest, resembling c-ets-1 expression. However, by E6, the expression of ck-erg exhibited, unlike c-ets-1, a drastically new and strong signal in precartilaginous condensation zones and cartilaginous skeletal primordia. These stages are the first steps of bone formation during skeletal elaboration. Our results show for the first time a possible specific involvement of ck-erg in cartilage morphogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

Upregulation of thrombomodulin antigen levels in U937 cells by combined stimulation with estradiol-17beta and vitamin K2 (menaquinone 4).

The expression of thrombomodulin (TM) and tissue factor (TF) antigens by estradiol and vitamin K2 were studied in human leukemic cell lines including U937 (monoblastic leukemia), NB4 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), and HL60 (acute myeloblastic leukemia). Combined stimulation with estradiol-17beta and menaquinone 4 (MK4), homologue of vitamin K2, showed a remarkable increase of total TM antigen level only in U937 cells among these leukemic cell lines, whereas a single treatment of each agent showed a modest or a moderate increase. A synergistic effect of cotreatment with estradiol-17beta and MK4 was observed in an optimum concentration of 1.0 micromol of estradiol-17beta and 1.0 micromol of MK4. Estrogen receptors were detected only in U937 cells among these cell lines, and the competitive assay with an antiestrogenic agent showed a suppression on TM expression in a dose-dependent manner. In the mean time, concerning expression of TF antigens, if at all, only a very slight decrease was observed by costimulation with estradiol-17beta and MK4 in U937 and NB4 cells, whereas all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) showed a remarkable decrease in surface TF antigen levels in NB4 cells and also a modest decrease in U937 cells. These findings suggest that estradiol-17beta would up-regulate TM antigen expression via estrogen receptors and in cooperation with MK4, showing a different mechanism from ATRA.

Antigens↗

PubMed1999

Criminal victimization of persons with severe mental illness.

OBJECTIVE: The types and amounts of crime experienced by persons with severe mental illness were examined to better understand criminal victimization in this population. METHODS: Subjects were 331 involuntarily admitted psychiatric inpatients who were ordered by the court to outpatient commitment after discharge. Extensive interviews provided information on subjects' experience with crime in the previous four months and their perceived vulnerability to victimization, as well as on their living conditions and substance use. Medical records provided clinical data. RESULTS: The rate of nonviolent criminal victimization (22.4 percent) was similar to that in the general population (21.1 percent). The rate of violent criminal victimization was two and a half times greater than in the general population--8.2 percent versus 3.1 percent. Being an urban resident, using alcohol or drugs, having a secondary diagnosis of a personality disorder, and experiencing transient living conditions before hospitalization were significantly associated with being the victim of a crime. In the multivariate analysis, substance use and transient living conditions were strong predictors of criminal victimization; no demographic or clinical variable was a significant predictor. (Given the relatively high crime rates, subjects' perceived vulnerability to victimization was unexpectedly low; only 16.3 percent expressed concerns about personal safety. Those with a higher level of education expressed greater feelings of vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS: The study found a substantial rate of violent criminal victimization among persons with severe and persistent mental illness. Results suggest that substance use and homelessness make criminal victimization more likely.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

School age children: are their needs recognized and met in the hospital setting?

School age children are relatively self-sufficient and independent. With this in mind the question arose as to whether their concerns were recognized in the hospital setting or whether it was taken for granted they would verbalize their needs. A preliminary survey was done to see if there were specific concerns in this age group and if the concerns were realized and met. It was felt that hospitalization generates anxiety and needs that health team members do not always recognize or take into consideration. The survey demonstrated some definite concerns. After an inservice program the questionnaire was administered a second time. There was a decrease in the needs and concerns expressed. Care givers need to be aware of the threats and concerns of children in order to alleviate them.

Anxiety↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing the emergence of pediatric vaccination concerns: recommendations from a Canadian policy analysis.

Ever since the advent of pediatric vaccination, individuals have expressed concerns about both its risks and benefits. These concerns have once again resurfaced among some segments of the population and could potentially undermine national vaccination programs. The views of the public, however, must be considered and respected in the formulation of vaccination policy. We have conducted an analysis of the pediatric vaccination "debate" in the Canadian context. We believe that there is common ground between those who support pediatric vaccination and those who are concerned about these programs. Based on our findings, we believe that the goal of public health authorities should be to maintain trust in vaccines by continuing to meet certain reciprocal responsibilities. To do so, we recommend the following: 1) increased investment in adverse event reporting systems; 2) request for proposals for consideration of a no-fault compensation program; 3) developing pre-emptive strategies to deal with potential vaccine risks; 4) further examination of mechanisms to improve communication between physicians and parents concerned about vaccination. All of these approaches would require additional investment in pediatric vaccination. However, such an investment is easy to justify given the benefits offered by pediatric vaccination and the ramifications of failing to maintain confidence in vaccination programs or missing a vaccine-related adverse event.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates and retrospectively reported antecedents of alexithymia.

Two experiments were conducted in order to examine the relationship between alexithymia and: 1) family environment; 2) discomfort and ambivalence experiencing and expressing emotion; and 3) dissociation. Research participants in both experiments were college students. We examined the ability to identify and communicate emotion using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. In Experiment 1, we found that alexithymia was significantly correlated with ambivalence concerning expression of emotion (measured using the Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire) and with discomfort concerning negative emotional states (measured using a new instrument called the Emotional Experience Discomfort Scale). Higher levels of alexithymia were associated with retrospective reports of diminished family expressiveness (measured using the Expressiveness subscale of the Family Environment Scale) and with feeling less emotionally safe during childhood (measured using a new instrument called the Childhood Experiences Questionnaire). In Experiment 2, we found that alexithymia was significantly correlated with dissociative experiences (measured using the Dissociative Experiences Scale). However, alexithymia and dissociation differed in the way they were associated with retrospective reports of different aspects of family expressiveness (measured using the Family Expressiveness Questionnaire). High levels of dissociation were associated with increased negative dominant family communication. In contrast, high levels of alexithymia were associated with low levels of positive family communication.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Gender differences in cigarette smoking and quitting in a cohort of young adults.

BACKGROUND: Smoking among young women is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Gender specific influences on smoking, quitting and attempting to quit are hypothesized to occur and may have implications for cessation programs. METHODS: Telephone surveys were conducted in a large (n = 6,711) cohort of young men and women (average age 19.2 years) which was first established in 1979 and has been resurveyed several times since then. Questions concerned smoking, successful and unsuccessful attempts to quit, withdrawal symptoms during quit attempts, and concerns about quitting. RESULTS: More women than men reported current smoking (26.5 vs 22.6 percent), but quitting attempts, successful and unsuccessful, were equally common. Withdrawal symptoms were reported equally, except for wanting to eat more than usual and weight gain, both of which were reported more often by women than men. Women smokers reported substantially more concern about weight gain if they quit smoking (57.9 vs 26.3 percent expressing concern). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted programs are needed to address issues of concern to young women smokers, particularly fear of gaining weight.

Adult↗