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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

How to find a wombmate: validation of an algorithm to identify twin pairs in Linked Birth/Infant Death Files.

Linked Birth/Infant Death Files available from the National Center for Health Statistics identify an infant as a twin, but do not identify twin pairs. An algorithm based on maternal, paternal, and infant characteristics has been used to identify twin pairs, but the validity of this algorithm has never been tested. The Missouri linked birth/infant death file from 1980 to 1990 identifies twin pairs by a sequence number. The authors tested the rate and accuracy with which the algorithm identified true pairs in the Missouri file and whether estimates of risk and possible risk factors calculated from pairs of twins identified by the algorithm agreed with these characteristics as calculated from known twin pairs. The algorithm identified 96% (8,273 of 8,620) of true pairs and one false pair. Despite incomplete pair identification, and even identification of a false pair, estimates from the subset identified by the algorithm generally agreed well with characteristics measured from all twin pairs. Nonetheless, incorporation of a multiple birth sequence number into Linked Birth/Infant Death Files would enhance their utility.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1998

Agreement between administrative files and written medical records: a case of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the reliability of Department of Veterans Affairs' health information databases concerning patient demographics, use of care, and diagnoses. METHODS: The Department of Veterans Affairs' Patient Treatment files for Main, Bed-section (PTF) and Outpatient Care (OCF) were compared with medical charts and administrative records (MR) for a random national sample of 1,356 outpatient visits and 414 inpatient discharges to Department of Veterans Affairs' facilities between July 1 and September 30, 1995. Records were uniformly abstracted by a focus group of utilization review nurses and medical record coders blinded to administrative file entries. RESULTS: Reliability was adequate for demographics (kappa approximately 0.92), length of stay (agreement=98%), and selected diagnoses (kappa ranged 0.39 to 1.0). Reliability was generally inadequate to identify the treating bedsection or clinic (kappa approximately 0.5). Compared with medical charts, Patient Treatment Files/Outpatient Care Files reported an additional diagnosis per discharge and 0.8 clinic stops per outpatient visit, resulting in higher estimates of disease prevalence (+39% heart disease, +19% diabetes) and outpatient costs (+36% per unique outpatient per quarter). CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of pilot work validating key data elements, investigators are advised to construct health and utilization data from multiple sources. Further validation studies of administrative files should focus on the relation between process of data capture and data validity.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Shaping of simulated root canals in resin blocks using the step-back technique with K-files manipulated in a simple in/out filling motion.

A total of 60 simulated root canals in clear resin blocks of various lengths and degree of curvature were prepared by hand with K-files using a step-back enlargement technique. The instruments were manipulated exclusively with a simple in/out filing or rasping motion with no attempt at rotation or twisting. The preparation technique was assessed by instrumentation time, deformation and fracture of instruments, and loss of working distance. The shape of the prepared canals was assessed by direct inspection and from composite photographic prints produced by superimposing negatives of the canals obtained before and after preparation. In general, the preparations were time-consuming and tedious to complete. Deformation and separation of instruments occurred mainly in those canals with short, severe curves. Loss of working distance was a universal finding and was associated to a degree with the straightening of curved canals inherent in their preparation. Prepared straight canals displayed a continuously tapering form being narrowest at their end-point. On the other hand, prepared curved canals were invariably hourglass in shape. Under the conditions of this study the manipulation of K-files in a simple in/out filing motion proved an unsatisfactory method of preparing simulated curved root canals in resin blocks.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗

PubMed1996

Intra-canal cutting ability of MM1500 files.

The aims of this study were to develop a model system capable of monitoring lateral forces during root canal preparation and to measure the cutting ability of files activated by the MM1500 sonic handpiece. Forces were monitored by a calibrated model system which utilized a combination of spring steel beams fitted with strain gauges, these were interfaced through two strain gauge amplifiers to an x-y recorder. Single rooted canine teeth (n = 36; 32 experimental, four control) were mounted in a two-part acrylic mould (which was an integral part of the model system) prior to sectioning horizontally 11 mm from the tooth apex. A 2(4) full factorial experiment with two replications was performed. Four variables were selected for evaluation, load (50 and 100 g), power (air inlet ring half or fully open), file type (Heliosonic or Shaper) and stroke rate (1 or 2 cycles per second). A new file (size 25) was used for 1 min in each canal with water irrigation. The control group was not instrumented. The cross-sectional root canal area was measured before and after instrumentation using image analysis and increase in area was used as an indication of cutting ability. The results showed that the increase in load, power and the Shaper file all produced a significant increase in cutting ability (ANOVA, P < 0.001). However, stroke rate was not found to have a significant effect (P > 0.05). None of the interactions between the variables were significant and there was no significant difference in the control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this work has developed a model system to monitor lateral forces and has shown that instrument design and operator usage affect dentine removal from a root canal wall.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1997

Shaping ability of the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files in simulated root canals.

The aim of this study was to assess the shaping ability of the M4 reciprocating handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files in simulated canals. A total of 40 simulated canals of various angles and positions of curvature were prepared with an M4 handpiece using Safety Hedstrom files oriented with the ground, flattened surface towards the inner aspect of the curve. A standard regimen was adopted throughout. Pre- and post-operative longitudinal images of the canals were taken with a video camera and stored and manipulated in a computer with image analysis software. The presence of canal aberrations and the amount and location of resin material removed as a result of preparation were determined from composite images of superimposed pre- and post-operative views. Preparation time varied significantly (P < 0.001) between the canal types; overall, 20 degrees canals were prepared more quickly than 40 degrees canals. Zips and elbows were observed in 16 out of the 40 canals with most (11) being created in 40 degrees specimens. Ledges were found in 19 canals and perforations in only 1. There were no significant differences between canal shapes for these aberrations. Excessive removal of material from the inner aspect of the canal at the curve to create a danger zone was found in 20 canals, but only in those with 40 degrees curves. Significant differences in total canal width between the canal types were seen at the zips (P < 0.05), elbows (P < 0.05) and danger zones (P < 0.001). Transportation at the danger zones varied significantly (P < 0.001) between canal types. Under the conditions of this study, the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files created hour-glass preparations in a substantial proportion of canals. In reality, the Safety Hedstrom file with its one flattened surface was ineffective at reducing removal of material along the inner aspect of canal curves in severely curved specimens and clearly has the potential to create strip perforations in teeth.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1995

Identification of atrial fibrillation episodes in ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings: validation of a method for obtaining labeled R-R interval files.

Current systems for analyzing ambulatory electrocardiograms (ECGs) are unable to distinguish precisely between sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes, and are unable to produce RR interval listings that distinguish AF from sinus rhythm on a beat-to-beat basis. We describe a method for obtaining such a computerized listing ("Composite Rhythm" file) from ambulatory recordings containing episodes of AF. The file lists the rhythm of each beat, its real time, and the QRS complex morphology. A visual inspection is made of a full printout of the recording to identify the precise time of onset and termination of each episode of AF. These times are entered into a computer and identified with the corresponding beats on a conventional RR interval file generated by Holter analysis. The method was validated using 1-hour segments from 20 ambulatory ECGs containing 145 episodes of AF. These were visually identified by four independent observers with a mean sensitivity of 99.1%. The first beat of AF was identified concordantly in 96% of episodes, with a discrepancy of < or = 3 beats in the other episodes. The times of 200 selected QRS complexes were then entered into the computer by each observer; 91.1% of these complexes were identified exactly and 100% were identified to within one beat. The Composite Rhythm files have several potential applications for testing AF detection algorithms and studying the mode of onset of AF.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1985

Use of Hedstrom file for removal of fractured root tips.

The foregoing case report describes a procedure that can be used to remove newly fractured roots. It is recommended that a Hedstrom file be used in cases in which the roots are loosened before they are fractured and provided that proper visibility and sufficient space in the root canal in which to introduce the file exist. This method, used alone or in combination with closed or open procedures, can be helpful for removing roots that are close to the maxillary sinus or mandibular canal. In the aforementioned case, the Hedstrom file's being threaded into the root tip was a safeguard against pushing the root tips into the surrounding anatomic structures. A method of using a Hedstrom file has been described for the removal of newly fractured root tips. If conditions are adequate, this method is simple and effective.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

The optimal design of MUMPS global file.

This paper presents the basic consideration of global file design on MUMPS language. The major goal of global design is to reduce the number of disc accesses made over the long-term use of a file. To attain this goal, the procedure for finding the global file which minimizes the average number of disc blocks accessed to obtain a data node is proposed. Furthermore, the total number of blocks in use with file design are demonstrated by simple examples.

Computers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

ADL: an integrated database for filing and study of malignant lymphoma patients.

The filing of clinical data must comply with purposes of logical organization for comparisons and evaluations. ADL (Archives of Data on Lymphomas) is an application program of dBASE III plus (Ashton-Tate) for personal computers, especially suitable for filing and studying patients afflicted with malignant lymphoma. It is subdivided into four data files: general data (private data, stage, therapy); disease data (sites of disease by tests and body area); immunological data (lymphocyte subpopulations, globulin and immunoglobulin dosage, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests); lost patients (register of patients not seen for at least 1 year). It has many utilities (descriptive statistics, clinical report, export service). Congruence checks and verification of names and dates input are included. This program stands as a valuable alternative to more traditional filing systems.

Archives↗

PubMed1990

Electronic determination of root canal length by newly developed measuring device. Influences of the diameter of apical foramen, the size of K-file and the root canal irrigants.

A new electronic root canal measuring device called "ENDEX" which is able to determine the root canal length under moistened conditions using a relative value of different alternative electric currents is discussed in this study. This study is designed to investigate the efficiencies of the new device, in vitro, with respect to change in the root canal environment; namely the influence of the size of K-file, the diameter of the apical foramen and the various root canal irrigants. According to the present study, it was confirmed that the location of the apical foramen was clearly detected under moistened root canal with saline solution using any size of K-file. The locations of the tip of K-files were 0.5 mm inside the apical foramen when the relative value displayed 0.3 Volt, so that the apical constriction could not disturb during root canal measurement. One of the big problem with prior electrical measurement devices was not being able to determine the canal length under moistened conditions. However with this improved device, intracanal irrigants, such as saline, 5% NaOC1, 14% EDTA and 3% H2O2 did not interfere in detecting apical foramen irregardless of the size of K-file and the size of the apical foramen.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗

PubMed1993

[Digital library for archiving files of radiology and medical imaging].

The Conseil des Enseignants de Radiologie de France in collaboration with the Ilab-TSI company and Schering laboratories has developed a computer programme allowing the storage and consultation of radiological teaching files. This programme, developed on Macintosh from standard Hypercard and Quicktime applications, allows, in consultation mode, the multicriteria search and visualisation of selected radiological files. In the author mode, new files can be included after digitalizing the author's own images or after obtaining images from another image library. This programme, which allows juxtaposition of digitalised radiological files, is designed to be extremely open and can be easily combined with other computer-assisted teaching or computer-assisted presentation applications.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed1996

Quantitative comparison of planar and SPECT normal data files of thallium-201, technetium-99m-sestamibi, technetium-99m-tetrofosmin and technetium-99m-furifosmin.

UNLABELLED: In recent years, several of 99mTc-labeled myocardial perfusion imaging agents have been developed, such as 99mTc-sestamibi, 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-furifosmin. Although images obtained with these new tracers have a general similar appearance, there are differences in the myocardial kinetics, body distribution, general quality of images and imaging protocols. The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare normal exercise planar and SPECT data files obtained with 201TI and 99mTc-labeled agents. METHODS: Lower-limit-of-normal curves were generated for each specific radiopharmaceutical from normal subjects with low (< 3%) pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease using circumferential count distribution profiles from planar and SPECT exercise images. Lower-limit-of-normal curves were statistically compared using the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: Planar and SPECT lower-limit-of-normal curves generated for each radiopharmaceutical showed general similarities. Statistically significant differences among the lower-limit-of-normal curves were found in the planar left anterior oblique view and in the planar left lateral view (p < 0.05 for each). No statistically significant differences existed between lower-limit-of-normal curves of various radiopharmaceuticals on the planar anterior view and on SPECT imaging. CONCLUSION: For quantitative analysis of planar images, radiopharmaceutical-specific normal data files are mandatory. Although SPECT normal data files of various radiopharmaceuticals are not statistically different, they are not identical. It appears, nevertheless, prudent to use radiopharmaceutical-specific normal data files for quantitative analysis of SPECT images.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Extraction and anonymity protocol of medical file.

To carry out the epidemiological study of patients suffering from a given cancer, the Department of Medical Informatics (DIM) has to link information coming from different hospitals and medical laboratories in the Burgundy region. Demands from the French department for computerized information security (Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés: CNIL), in regard to abiding by the law of January 6, 1978, completed by the law of July 1st, 1994 on nominal data processing in the framework of medical research have to be taken into account. Notably, the CNIL advised to render anonymous patient identities before the extraction of each establishment file. This paper describes a recently implemented protocol, registered with the French department for computerized information security (Service Central de la Sécurité des Systèmes d'information : SCSSI) whose purpose is to render anonymous medical files in view of their extraction. Once rendered anonymous, these files will be exportable so as to be merged with other files and used in a framework of epidemiological studies. Therefore, this protocol uses the Standard Hash Algorithm (SHA) which allows the replacement of identities by their imprints while ensuring a minimal collision rate in order to allow a correct linkage of the different information concerning the same patient. A first evaluation of the extraction and anonymity software with regard to the purpose of an epidemiological survey is described here. In this paper, we also show how it would be possible to implement this system by means of the Internet communication network.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1998

[Quality of data acceptable for perinatal epidemiology surveillance: assessment of the health certificate at birth and the national obstetrics medical file. Study in three Seine-Maritime maternal wards].

Data from several sources could be used for perinatal epidemiology surveillance aimed at an assessment of regional programs such as those proposed by the Superior Committee for Public Health. A retrospective study of 561 births was conducted in three maternity wards in the French Seine Maritime department in order to evaluate the reliability of two data sources: the national obstetrics medical file and the health certificate at birth. The delivery room records were used as the gold standard. The sensitivity of the obstetrics file was better than that of the health certificate. With the obstetrics file, it was possible to identify almost all the vaginal route interventions, almost all the premature births and all the cesareans. With the health certificate, 39-58% of the vaginal route interventions, 61% of the premature births and 61-72% of the cesareans performed in the three wards studied were identified. The quality of data in the obstetrics file appears to be better than that in the health certificate but only concerns 40% of births in the geographical area studied. Inversely, the health certificate is theoretically delivered for all births (actually delivered for 93%). Integrating these two information systems could be an optimum solution.

Bias↗

PubMed1993

A study on the development of a filing system for funduscopic images with a personal computer for Twin AMHTS.

A filing system for ocular funduscopic image data was developed by using a personal computer for the Twin AMHTS. The development of the system was tried as one of the data transfer system including image data between two similar AMHTSs named the Twin AMHTS through the information network system. The filing system is capable of storing 26782 data of ophthalmoscopic pictures with a data compression mode by using a magneto-optical disk (MOD) whose storage capacity of both sides is 616 MB. It takes no long time for retrieval and display of the image data in the filing system. Good quality of compression and decompression obtained and reproducibility of the ocular fundus picture is favorable regardless of normal or abnormal cases. As a result, it is suggested that the developed system has practical utility although it requires more improvement.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1976

The who, why and how of radiology teaching files.

A variety of teaching files in diagnostic radiology is needed to serve a broad spectrum of purposes and students. A method of acquiring a simplified teaching file to be used for and by medical students, non-radiology house staff, first-year radiology residents and senior staff members is described. The medical student, as a learning experience, acts as the procurer of this file.

Filing↗

PubMed1976

The who, why and how of radiology teaching files.

Filing↗

PubMed1978

Powder data file as a tool for identification of dental gold alloys.

In order to obtain data for a prospective powder data file for dental gold alloys X-ray diffraction photograms of 75 different gold alloys were taken using a Guinier-Hägg camera and CuKalpha1 radiation. Before the X-ray photograms were taken the alloys had been heat treated at 700 degrees C, 800 degrees C or 900 degrees C depending on the solidus temperatures of the alloys. The lattice parameters of the samples were determined from the X-ray photograms. These data were supplemented by a specification of the interplanar spacings of the three strongest lines on the diffraction patterns and also by the relative intensities and Miller indices of these lines. An extensive library of reference films is to be collected and this and other details of the file are discussed. It is not intended that the file be used to identify a particular alloy but merely to identify the type of alloy. Thus it can serve as a guide to facilitate the proper selection of gold alloys within practical clinical dentistry.

Filing↗