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PubMed1989

Glossodynia in patients with nutritional deficiencies.

Various types of nutritional deficiencies can produce glossodynia and associated signs of inflammation. Changes such as swelling of the tongue, papillary atrophy, and surface ulceration are possible in most of the deficiency states. To further complicate the clinical picture, the patient commonly will suffer from multiple nutritional deficiencies [29]. Therefore, it is not advisable to diagnose a specific nutritional deficiency on clinical impression alone. To establish iron, folate, or vitamin-B12 deficiency, a hematologic screening that includes complete blood count, red-cell, serum iron, B12, and folate levels should be performed [30]. Although they are rarely required, specific tests for suspected niacin, pyridoxine, and riboflavin deficiency are available. Although glossodynia related to nutritional deficiency is statistically uncommon, it is easily curable with replacement therapy. Identification of a vitamin deficiency through early oral symptoms can forestall development of serious and irreversible systemic and neurologic damage.

Deficiency Diseases↗

PubMed1989

Drug-induced xerostomia as a cause of glossodynia.

Severe xerostomia may be a primary cause of glossodynia. If radiation therapy and systemic disease are ruled out as causes of xerostomia, the wide variety of pharmacologic agents found in prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, common dietary components, and recreational drugs must be considered. The xerostomic side effect of a medication may be unavoidable; however, it may be minimized by alterations in diet, environment, or elimination of optional concurrent medications. When evaluating the patient with glossodynia, the practitioner must be aware of the many types of offending agents that contribute to a decrease in salivary flow. A clinical referral to a dentist to manage the oral complications of xerostomia is appropriate, although the patient's physician is the one who may make any changes in prescribed medications.

Glossalgia↗

PubMed1989

Glossodynia as an oral manifestation of diabetes mellitus.

The oral signs and symptoms of glossodynia and xerostomia present a diagnostic problem for the clinician. One of the etiologic considerations in the differential diagnosis should be diabetes mellitus. When diabetes mellitus is suspected, appropriate blood tests should be ordered. If diabetes mellitus is the cause, proper control of the disease will minimize these and other complications and improve the patient's quality of life.

Diabetes Complications↗

PubMed1989

Glossodynia as an oral manifestation of sex hormone alterations.

Oral inflammation occurs during puberty, pregnancy, menses, and therapy with hormones (especially oral contraceptive agents), and other medications such as phenytoin. Alterations of the oral environment result from fluctuations of plasma and salivary sex steroids. The ratio of the sex steroids to one another, and their absolute concentration, determine the amount of prostanoid and peroxidase production and salivary flow. These relationships are complex and are not readily predictable; however, they are reproducible in both humans and animals. The sex steroids exert profound effects on the function of many nonsexual organs; particularly the skin, bone, liver, salivary glands, and oral tissues. We reviewed the currently available information concerning sex steroid action on salivary glands and oral epithelium. In light of the dramatic drop in sex steroid levels at menopause, the purely psychogenic nature of glossodynia or burning mouth (stomatopyrosis), first manifested at menopause, requires further consideration and study.

Glossalgia↗

PubMed1989

Xerostomia and glossodynia in patients with autoimmune disorders.

Xerostomia presents a difficult challenge for the clinician to manage and a serious problem for the afflicted patient. Patients with dysfunctional or hypofunctional salivary or lacrimal glands suffer considerably both emotionally and physically. Because of the ever-increasing geriatric population, health practitioners can expect to encounter a substantial number of patients with xerostomia or salivary gland disorders. Early detection and appropriate management will improve the quality of these patient's lives.

Aging↗

PubMed1989

The diagnosis and treatment of psychogenic glossodynia.

The symptoms of patients with psychogenic glossodynia are presented and discussed in the context of psychosomatic manifestations of psychiatric illnesses. The majority of patients with psychogenic glossodynia can be treated effectively by focusing on diagnosis and then initiating antidepressant medication or anxiolytics and other psychological treatments as needed.

Glossalgia↗

PubMed1977