SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Geographic distribution”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

[The geographical distribution of ribotypes of Yersinia pestis in China].

OBJECTIVE: To type and group the Yersinia pestis strains isolated in China to clarify the geographical distribution of ribotypes of Yersinia pestis. METHODS: Genomic DNA of Yersinia pestis were digested with EcoR I, then hybridized with 16s-23s-5s rRNA gene probe. RESULTS: These tested strains were divided into 3 ribotypes, the profiles obtained were relatively homogeneous, with most of them differed only by the presence or the absence of 1 - 2 restriction fragments. Ribotype A and B were the most common types, which distributed in a large area in China while ribotype C was the least, only limited to a small area. There was certain correlation between the ribotypes and the plague foci, usually only one ribotype was found in one plague foci. CONCLUSION: The ribotypes were stable in the plague foci. Correlation between the ribotypes of Yersinia pestis strains and their geographical origins was noticed. All 3 ribotypes had different origins, however ribotype A and ribotype C seemed to be closer related.

China↗

PubMed2002

Prevalence and geographical distribution of Usher syndrome in Germany.

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of Usher syndrome in Heidelberg and Mannheim and to map its geographical distribution in Germany. METHODS: Usher syndrome patients were ascertained through the databases of the Low Vision Department at the University of Heidelberg, and of the patient support group Pro Retina. Ophthalmic and audiologic examinations and medical records were used to classify patients into one of the subtypes. RESULTS: The database of the University of Heidelberg contains 247 Usher syndrome patients, 63 with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) and 184 with Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2). The USH1:USH2 ratio in the Heidelberg database was 1:3. The Pro Retina database includes 248 Usher syndrome patients, 21 with USH1 and 227 with USH2. The total number of Usher syndrome patients was 424, with 75 USH1 and 349 USH2 patients; 71 patients were in both databases. The prevalence of Usher syndrome in Heidelberg and suburbs was calculated to be 6.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. There seems to be a homogeneous distribution in Germany for both subtypes. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the high prevalence of Usher syndrome, with up to 5,000 patients in Germany, should lead to increased awareness and timely diagnosis by ophthalmologists and otologists. It should also ensure that these patients receive good support through hearing and vision aids.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Religious climate and geographical distribution of depressive symptoms in older Dutch citizens.

This study examines whether the degree of conservatism of the religious climate affects the geographical distribution of late life depressive symptoms. A U-shaped relationship is hypothesized: high levels of depressive symptoms at the extremes (both a-religious and hyperconservative), and a low level in the middle (moderate-conservative). Subjects are 3051 older Dutch citizens (55-85 years), living in 11 municipalities. Depressive symptoms are assessed using the CES-D. Religious climate is estimated on the municipality level, using percentages votes on political parties with a Christian background (moderate-conservative versus hyperconservative). Using multi-level analysis, the results support the U-curve hypothesis.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Geographic distribution of pediatric dentists in private practice in the United States.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the geographic distribution of pediatric dentists in private practice across the United States; and (2) compare state-based pediatric dental practitioner-to-children ratios. METHODS: Enumeration of pediatric dental practitioners was derived from the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's 2000-01 Membership Directory by including all active and fellow members who were in private practice in the United States. Population information for the 50 states and District of Columbia was obtained from Census 2000 data available on the US Census Bureau's Web site. RESULTS: A total of 2,913 pediatric dentists were in private practice in the United States, with the largest number located in California (333), Texas (238), and New York (202), and the smallest number located in Maine (3) and North Dakota (4). There were 4.03 pediatric dental practitioners for every 100,000 US children younger than 18 years of age. Connecticut and Massachusetts had almost twice (7.7) as many pediatric dental practitioners per 100,000 children as the national average. On the other hand, Maine had only one fourth (1) the number of pediatric dental practitioners per 100,000 children as the national average. CONCLUSIONS: Marked differences exist between the various states in their pediatric dental practitioner-to-children ratio.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Analysis of the geographic distribution of the incidence of diabetes mellitus type I in Catalonia].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the geographic distribution of the incidence of diabetes mellitus type I (DMI) in Catalonia from 1987-1990. METHODS: The base of the study is the Catalonian registry of incidence of DMI in the period from 1987-1990. The definition criteria were: diagnostic criteria of diabetes (WHO norms 1985), age of diagnosis under 30 years, residence in Catalonia in the period of diagnosis and exclusion of other types of diabetes. The population at risk was estimated according to the general census of the population of 1986. The total incidence of Catalonia was calculated by provinces and counties according to the Poisson distribution. RESULTS: The incidence of DMI observed in Catalonia was of 11.5/100,000 inhabitants per year (CI 95%, 10.6-12.4) in the age group from 0-14 years and 10.7/100,000 inhabitants per year (CI 95% 10.1-11.3) in the age group from 0-29 years. The exhaustivity in the detection of the cases was of 90.3%. No differences were found in interprovincial incidence in the 0-14 age group: Barcelona 11.6 (10.6-12.7), Girona 10.2 (7.2-13.4), Lleida 11.7 (7.7-15.8), Tarragona 10.5 (7.6-13.5). In the 15-29 age group a lower incidence was observed in Tarragona. The incidence by counties varied between 2.9 and 15.0/100,000 inhabitants per year with those of greatest incidence being observed in the Vallés Oriental (15.0/100,000 inhabitants/years), Alt Penedés (14.5/100,000 inhabitants/year), Segrià (15.0/100,000 inhabitants/year) and the Priorat (13.7/100,000 inhabitants/year). CONCLUSIONS: No differences were found in the incidence of diabetes mellitus type I in the four Catalonian provinces. Distribution by counties was more heterogeneous without defining zones with a much higher incidence to that observed in the whole of Catalonia.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence and geographic distribution of spina bifida aperta in West Germany].

In a national study the prevalence of open meningocele and myelomeningocele as well as the geographical distribution in the Federal Republic of Germany was determined among the life-born infants during 1982 and 1983. The prevalence rates of the single districts and states and the federal territory were established based upon standardized reports of nearly all Children's Hospitals, Departments of Child Surgery and the major Centers of Neurosurgery. In Hamburg the study was extended by establishing the number of abortions because of medical indications after the prenatal diagnosis of a myelomeningocele. In 1982 and 1983 there were 354 resp. 342 infants born with an open myelomeningocele, thus the prevalence rate was 0.569 and 0.575/1000 live births. The average prevalence rate was 0.57/1000 live births. Compared with international studies our data are corresponding with reports from countries with a relative low frequency. The prevalence rates of the states in the federal territory differ between 0.42/1000 live births in Hamburg and 0.78/1000 in Bremen; these differences are not statistically significant. In 9 from 247 districts, the reported rates were significantly higher than the average rate. Because of the small number of children born with this malformation in the single districts, any conclusions from these results are not warranted. Quite different from reports of other countries (Great Britain, United States of America) this study did not show essential geographic differences in the federal territory. Prenatal diagnosis and subsequent termination of pregnancy lowered the prevalence rate of open meningomyelocele at birth in Hamburg from 0.61/1000 to 0.42/1000.

Abortion, Eugenic↗

PubMed2001

Geographical distribution of cardiac arrest in Nottinghamshire.

BACKGROUND: to analyse the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Nottinghamshire; to ascertain its geographical distribution; and to determine whether the geography of coronary heart disease mortality and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are the same. METHODS AND RESULTS: population based, retrospective study in the County of Nottinghamshire with a total population of 993,914 in an area of 2183 km2 divided into 191 electoral areas. In the 4 years from 1 January, 1991 to 31 December, 1994, 1634 patients sustained a cardiac arrest attributed to a cardiac cause (International Classification of Diseases codes 390-414 and 420-429) and were attended by the Nottinghamshire Ambulance Service. The overall crude mean incidence rate of community cardiac arrest per electoral area was 40.2 per 100,000 population (range 0-121.2). Thirteen electoral areas, relatively deprived according to the Townsend score, had a significantly greater than expected incidence rate of cardiac arrest (median of 75.6/100,000 per electoral area; interquartile range (IQR) 65.3, 83.8). Twelve relatively affluent electoral areas had a significantly lower than expected incidence rate (median of 18.5/100,000 per area (IQR 13.0, 28.7). After adjusting for deprivation index, there were no differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and community cardiac arrest in urban and rural electoral areas. Apart from response times by ambulance crews, the events that follow the cardiac arrest such as bystander resuscitation, ventricular fibrillation found as the presenting rhythm and survival were similar in all electoral areas. CONCLUSIONS: increasing level of deprivation is associated with areas of increased incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Nottinghamshire, and the effect is apparently different from that on CHD mortality. There is scope for reducing incidence rates of community cardiac arrest and to introduce strategies to improve survival in areas identified as having high rates of community cardiac arrest.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed2006

Enhancing the transfer of computer-assisted training proficiency in geographically distributed teams.

The authors examined factors that determine whether knowledge gained from computer-assisted (i.e., technology-based) team training in a geographically distributed team (GDT) context transfers to organizational results. They examined the moderating effects of team trust, technology support, and leader experience on the relation between teams' average individual training proficiency on a computer-assisted (i.e., CD-ROM-based) training program and team performance as assessed by team customer satisfaction ratings. Using data collected from 40 GDTs in a high-technology company, the authors found that the relation between teams' average training proficiency and team performance was complex and moderated by several factors. In particular, teams' average training proficiency had a positive association with customer satisfaction when GDTs were higher, rather than lower, in both trust and technology support and when team leaders had longer, rather than shorter, levels of tenure with their specific team.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Geographic distribution of physicians in Brazil: an analysis based on a locational choice model].

The primary aim of this study was to analyze the geographic distribution of physicians among the Regions and States of Brazil using a locational choice model. Our individual data analysis showed a positive relationship between the number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants in a State and the number of places in residency programs. Thus, the concentration of residency programs in some States has contributed to the unequal distribution of physicians in Brazil. There are also significant differences in physicians' income between Regions.

Brazil↗

PubMed1997

Geographical distribution and dramatic increases in incidences of malaria: consequences of the resettlement scheme in Gambela, SW Ethiopia.

The spatial distribution of malaria results from the interaction between vector, parasite, host, physical and human environments. This basic geographical approach provides an illustration of the geographical distribution of malaria in the world, particularly in the tropical regions. Due to the global climate change and population movements, it is predicted that malaria could have a greater impact on the non-immune or unprepared populations in the Northern Hemisphere in the coming decades. Presently, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the most adversely affected region in the world. Like any other SSA country, Ethiopia suffers from both epidemic (unstable) and endemic (stable) malaria in the high and lowland regions, respectively. Gambela is one of the areas with stable malaria in the humid tropical region of the country. This study is based on observations, unpublished data, interviews and discussions with settlers and officials in Gambela. It is found that a degree of diverse malaria prevalence is associated with altitudinal, temperature and rainfall variations. Owing to the settlement and land-use changes, unexpected rainfall patterns, temperature increase, unstable political system and poverty, malaria has gone beyond its geographical limits. As a result, the number of malaria affected people has increased in the last 12 years. It is suggested that proper physical and social planning, understanding the geography, entomology, epidemiology, behaviour and life-cycle of malaria parasite, cooperation between the policy-makers, malaria specialists, neighbouring countries and international communities are urgent, if malaria has to be controlled and eradicated.

Altitude↗

PubMed1985

[Studies on the intestinal fluke, Metagonimus yokogawai Katsurada, 1912 in Korea Geographical distribution of sweetfish and infection status with Metagonimus metacercaria in south-eastern area of Korea]

The present survey was undertaken to observe the geographical distribution of metacercaria among the sweetfish, Plecoglossus altivelis, the most important second intermediate host of Metagonimus yokogawai, which were collected during the period from 1983 to 1984 in south-eastern coastal areas of Korea. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A total of 668 sweetfish collected from 70 chons (=streams) in the above coasta1 areas was examined for the metacercariae, and 432(64.7 percent) among them were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai. The mean number of metacercariae in a fish was in the range from 0 to 29,604 and the mean number of the metacercariae in a fish was 640.3. 2. It was observed that the mean infection rate showed 46.4 percent in Gangweon-Do (=province). The infection rates varied from stream to stream showing 100 percent in Namdae stream(Gangnun-city), Obsib-stream(Samchok-gun) and Dongmak, 95.0 percent in Hosan stream, 90.0 percent in Gungchon stream, and Namdae stream (Yangyang-up), 80.0 percent in Hwasang stream, 50.0 percent in Daebong stream, 45.0 percent in Yonghwa stream, 30.0 percent in Sangchon stream and Sachon stream, 20.0 percent in Munam stream and Okgyoe stream, 15.0 percent in Imweon stream, 10.0 percent in Namchon stream. And no metacercarial infections in their fish host were found in the areas of Mulchi stream, Sangun stream, Gosamun stream, Jonchon stream snd Gagok stream. 3. It was observed that the mean infection rate showed 50.9 percent in Kyongsangbuk-Do(=province). The infection rates also varied from stream to stream showing 100 percent in Songchon stream, Osib stream (Yongdok-gun) and Daejong stream, 60.0 percent in Pyonghae stream snd Gunmu stream, 50.0 percent in Buhwung stream, 25.0 percent in Nagok stream, 20.0 percent in Oangbi stream, 10.0 percent in Namhodong stream. And no metacercarial infections in their fish host were found in the areas of Namdae stream (Uljinup) and Choksan stream. 4. It was observed that the mean infection rate showed 67.6 percent in Kyongsangnam-Do(=province). The infection rates varied from stream to stream showing 100 percent in Taehwa river, Hwiya river, Inchon stream, Miryang river, Nam river, Hwagae stream, Koha stream, Sosang stream, and Tongchon stream, 90.9 percent in Yoncho stream, 90.0 percent in Hoihwa stream, 80.0 percent in Chindong stream, 66.7 percent in Chingyo stream, 40.0 percent in Hoyam river. And no metacercarial infections in their fish host were found in the areas of Chinjon stream, Sanchon stream and Jukchon stream. 5. It was observed that the mean infection rate showed 94.6 percent in Chollanam-Do(=province). The infection rates varied from stream to stream showing 100 percent in Dongchon stream, Isachon stream, Somjin river (Goksong-gun), Somjin river (Kurye-gun), Sosi stream, Gokchon stream, Kohung stream, Kwansan stream, Youi stream, Unjon stream and Apnae stream, 92.3 percent in Tamjin river, 90.9 percent in Okkok stream, 84.6 percent in Songgun stream. And no metacercarial infections in their fish host were found in the area of Yongok stream. 6. On the other hand, the infection rate showed 100 percent in Inchon river of Chollabuk-Do (=province) and Kangon stream of Cheju-Do (=province).

Journal Article↗

PubMed1983

The geographical distribution of mortality by cause in Chile.

Standardised mortality ratios for 19 causes of death are computed for the provinces of Chile. All have a particular geographical distribution in common: they are either positively or negatively associated with the availability of health services. This is likely to be the result of the propinquity of health services to populations of higher socio-economic status and also the differences in recording accuracy between urbanised provinces and provinces where access to health services is especially difficult. By holding the effects of health service variability constant, other geographical patterns in mortality rates emerge. For lung cancer, two northern provinces have death rates ten times those of central Chile.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of Whitewater Arroyo virus in the southwestern United States.

The purpose of this study was to extend our knowledge of the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the arenavirus(es) associated with Neotoma species (woodrats) in the southwestern United States. Infectious arenavirus was recovered from 14 (3.3%) of 425 woodrats. The virus-positive species included N. albigula in New Mexico and Oklahoma, N. cinerea in Utah, N. mexicana in New Mexico and Utah, and N. micropus in Texas. Analyses of viral nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data indicated that all the isolates were strains of the Whitewater Arroyo virus, an arenavirus previously known only from northwestern New Mexico. Analyses of the sequence data also indicated that there can be substantial genetic diversity among strains of Whitewater Arroyo virus from conspecific woodrats collected from different localities and substantial genetic diversity among strains from different woodrat species collected from the same locality.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Main features of helminth parasitism in cattle in Ituri (Haut-Zaire). III. Geographic distribution and prevalence of the main helminths].

A necropsic survey, carried out in eleven slaughterhouses in Ituri (Haut-Zaïre), has permitted to define the geographic distribution and prevalences of the main cattle helminths. Trematodes, except the paramphistomes, had a very heterogeneous distribution. Prevalence of Fasciola gigantica ranged from 9 to 72% according to the sites, but these variations were not linked to topographic or climatologic parameters. The infection with Schistosoma bovis was much variable as well (12.5 to 72%) and seemed absent from the central high altitude area. The occurrence of Dicrocoelium hospes was restricted to the northern part of Ituri with a moderate prevalence of about 35%. By contrast, nematodes had a fairly homogeneous distribution in Ituri. Prevalences were high for gastro-intestinal strongyles of the following genera, Haemonchus, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum (over 60%). Cysticercosis (Cysticercus bovis) occurred in 10 to 14% of cattle in the middle and south areas of Ituri whereas the north areas were nearly free.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Geographical distribution and identification of methyl sulphone PCB and DDE metabolites in pooled polar bear (Ursus maritimus) adipose tissue from western hemisphere arctic and subarctic regions.

The geographical distribution of methyl sulphone (MeSO2-) PCB and DDE metabolites is unknown for any species in any region. In this study, pooled male polar bear (Ursus maritimus) adipose samples from 12 arctic and subarctic regions from the Bering Sea to the Greenland Sea were analyzed for PCBs, DDE, and their MeSO2-metabolites. Each adipose pool contained from three to 27 lipid extracts prepared on an equal fat basis. The total (S-) MeSO2-PCB and MeSO2-DDE levels were generally higher in the east (Greenland) and south (Hudson Bay) and ranged from 138 to 633 ng/g lipid and 0.8-11 ng/g lipid, respectively. Five new MeSO2- compounds were identified and/or quantitated, 3M-DDE, 4M-CB64, 3M- and 4M-CB70, and 3M-CB149. The congeners 3M- and 4M-CB101 and 3M- and 4M-CB87 consistently accounted for ca. 50% of the S-MeSO2-PCBs. The MeSO2-PBC congener pattern was independent of geographic variation among the regions, implying that the pattern of atmospheric input and subsequent biomagnification of precursor PCBs is homogeneous in the western hemisphere. The ratio of S-MeSO2-PCBs to accumulating PCBs decreased very gradually (average value of .056 +/- .012) from west to east reflecting the proportion of higher chlorinated PCBs that are not major precursors of MeSO2-PCBs. The 3-MeSO2-DDE/DDE ratio fluctuated among regions with an average value of .033 +/- 0.017 [corrected].

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1998

Epidemiology of childhood brain tumours in Yorkshire, UK, 1974-95: geographical distribution and changing patterns of occurrence.

From a high-quality population-based register of children with cancer, 455 cases diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) tumours were analysed to examine patterns of occurrence and geographical distribution. There was a significant increase of 1.8% (95% CI 0.5-3.1, P < 0.01) in average annual incidence for all CNS tumours, mainly accounted for by a 3.1% rise (95% CI 0.1-6.1, P < 0.05) in primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs) over the 22-year period 1974-95. These increases were not explained by an increase in the proportion of histologically verified tumours. In the most recent time period (1986-95), astrocytomas occurred more commonly than previously in 0 to 4-year olds. Geographical differences in incidence were evident at a large scale, between counties, for all tumours and astrocytomas, with lower rates in the most urbanized areas. At the level of census district and electoral wards, no association between incidence of CNS tumours and socioeconomic group, person-based population density or ethnicity was observed using Poisson regression modelling. Based on small-scale census geography, the patterns of distribution of CNS tumours do not suggest strong associations with geographical determinants of risk. This study finds a rising incidence of all CNS tumours and particularly primitive neuroectodermal tumours and shows that astrocytomas appear to be occurring at a younger age, most probably because of improved diagnosis with non-invasive technology.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Geographical distribution and alti-latitudinal dispersion of some genera and species of the tribe Triatomini Jeannel, 1919 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)].

With the currently known distribution of genera and species of the tribe Triatomini Jeannel, 1919, maps and diagrams were prepared, showing the geographical area occupied by the species and their respective dispersion in grades of latitude and altitude. Two genera are not treated: Panstrongylus Berg, 1879, already published and Triatoma Laporte, 1832, that is being published partially in several articles. Genus Eratyrus Stal, 1859, has two species, while Dipetalogaster Usinger, 1939, Mepraia Mazza, Gajardo & Joerg, 1940, Paratriatoma Barber, 1938 and recently created genus Hermanlentia Jurberg & Galvão, 1997, have only one each. The study of these maps and diagrams permits a better knowledge about some ecological requirements of Chagas' disease vectors and detects gaps in the geographical distribution, where the species were not found but probably they could be prevalent.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

The surgical treatment of carcinoma of the colon and rectum: an index of quality care and sociologic and geographic distribution.

A comparative experience of 474 patients with primary carcinoma of the colon and rectum has been evaluated in several hospital settings, with particular respect to patient populations, geographic distribution, and surgical characteristics. The differences and similarities are interpreted with caution but may provide a format by which significant objective determinants become the basis for subsequent assessment of quality care in an illness which is prevalent and amenable to relatively standardized operative management. No difference in quality of medical care provided was detectable across the sociologic and geographic boundaries studied. Notable increases in extent of neoplasm and severity of co-existent illness in the urban, "indigent" population adversely influenced both short and long-term mortality rates.

Aged↗