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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Building a digital library for the health sciences: information space complementing information place.

In 1990, the University of California, San Francisco, dedicated a new library to serve the faculty, staff, and students and to meet their academic information needs for several decades to come. Major environmental changes present new and additional information management challenges, which can effectively be handled only through the widespread use of computing and computing technologies. Over the next five years, a three-pronged strategy will be followed. We are refining the current physical, paper-based library through the continuous application of technology for modernization and functional improvement. At the same time, we have begun the planning, design, and implementation of a "free-standing" Digital Library of the Health Sciences, focusing on the innovative application of technology. To ensure complementarity and product integrity where the two libraries interface, we will look to technology to transform these separate entities into an eventual, integral whole.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1980

A quality assurance process in health sciences libraries.

A goal of libraries is to assure the improvement of library services. Many organizations have attempted to use standards as a method to assure quality services, but often standards have failed through a lack of individual commitment to those standards and to the methodology used in establishing the standards. Many segments of the health care field have adopted the concept of quality assurance and are applying it to the service and care they provide. This process has the potential to raise or assure quality of service in health sciences libraries. The process involves: selecting a subject for review; developing measurable criteria; ratifying the criteria; evaluating existing services using the criteria; identifying problems; analyzing problems; developing solutions; implementing solutions; and reevaluating services. Two pilot quality assurance studies conducted in the Midwest Health Science Library Network during 1978 are described. Plans are under way to use this process on a regional basis.

Libraries, Medical↗
PubMed1995

Reconciling science and policy in setting federal drinking water standards--four states' perspectives.

After almost 20 years of experience with implementing the Safe Drinking Water Act and eight with Amendments to the Act, the individual states within the United States have gained valuable experience while trying to reconcile the legal mandates provided by the statutes with the science underlying them. This paper presents four different topics illustrating the problems of reconciling these two issues in the regulation of toxic chemicals in drinking waters. It presents these from the perspectives of the states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Jersey and offers suggestions for improved program efficiency based on considerations of comparative human health risks. The approach and schedule for controlling toxic chemicals used through 1994 are first examined and a recommendation is made for more flexibility in the rate at which chemicals are regulated. Recent U.S. EPA proposals to more stringently control radon in drinking waters are presented in the context of all sources of radon exposures, illustrating the intersection of science, laws, and economic consequences of regulatory initiatives. Inhalation and dermal exposures as a result of using chemically contaminated drinking waters are then discussed with the suggestion of the possible underprotectiveness of some present standards. Finally, the difficulty faced by the states and federal government in the control of naturally occurring arsenic exposures through drinking water is also presented and an argument is made for more local flexibility in the application of health-based standards.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

MELVYL MEDLINE: reference service implications of an end-user search system.

The implementation of MELVYL MEDLINE, a successful online end-user system in the University of California (UC) health sciences libraries greatly enhanced the capabilities of reference desk service by providing immediate access to current medical literature from the MEDLINE database. With these enhancements, the extent of the impact on the delivery of reference service was not anticipated. Concurrent with providing traditional reference service requests, there was a constant need for individualized end-user instruction by MELVYL MEDLINE users, and continual maintenance of workstation equipment and supplies. This paper describes the experiences at the UC Irvine (UCI) Biomedical Library and compares these experiences with other UC health sciences libraries. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the issues which must be considered when planning for the implementation of an end-user system within the reference service function.

California↗
PubMed1991

The potential use of expert systems to enable physicians to order more cost-effective diagnostic imaging examinations.

Educating physicians to order diagnostic imaging examinations more cost-effectively is a difficult and time consuming task, which may be assisted significantly by the use of an expert system. This report is based on a study undertaken at the Health Sciences Centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to determine the feasibility of implementing an expert system to aid physicians in selecting appropriate imaging studies. The report reviews the potential benefits, requirements, and limitations of expert systems under development, and highlights the major issues to be considered in choosing such a system for implementation. An extensive literature search was done and is included to aid the reader interested in pursuing this opportunity for improving the cost-effective utilization of expensive diagnostic imaging resources.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1990

Hypermedia and randomized algorithms for medical expert systems.

KNET is an environment for constructing probabilistic, knowledge-intensive systems within the axiomatic framework of decision theory. The KNET architecture defines a complete separation between the hypermedia user interface on the one hand, and the representation and management of expert opinion on the other. KNET offers a choice of algorithms for probabilistic inference. We and our coworkers have used KNET to build consultation systems for lymph-node pathology, bone-marrow transplantation therapy, clinical epidemiology, and alarm management in the intensive-care unit. Most important, KNET contains a randomized approximation scheme (RAS) for the difficult and almost certainly intractable problem of Bayesian inference. Our algorithm can, in many circumstances, perform efficient approximate inference in large and richly interconnected models of medical diagnosis. In this article, we describe the architecture of KNET, construct a randomized algorithm for probabilistic inference, and analyze the algorithm's performance. Finally, we characterize our algorithms' empiric behavior and explore its potential for parallel speedups. From design to implementation, then, KNET demonstrates the crucial interaction between theoretical computer science and medical informatics.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Lee-Goldburg solid-state imaging.

A new approach to solid-state imaging (SSI) is presented. The method relies on narrowing the resonance line using the Lee-Goldburg sequence. The technique is easy to implement in practice and may find widespread applications in materials science.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1976

A formative and summative evaluation model for special educational programs.

During the past two decades the problems of recruiting minority students into careers in the health fields have been addressed by many educators and various special study groups. Recent efforts by schools of medicine and allied health sciences to find viable solutions to the problem have facilitated implementation of career exploration and study-skills programs. Although the focus and sophistication of evaluation designs vary substantially among educational programs of this type, all share some common problems. The positions taken by the authors is that evaluation, both during and at the end of a program, is an essential aspect of the program and that the use of a systematic evaluation model is central to this effort. Data are presented which illustrate the utility of a systematic evaluation model when applied in a realistic test situation (an operational program for minority students). Several advantages of using this model are discussed.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1997

Health, Society and Alcohol.

The European Conference, Health, Society and Alcohol held in Paris, 12-14 December 1995, was a meeting point between science and policy. Science informed the policy process. As a tool for policy implementation, the Conference adopted the European Charter on Alcohol, a set of ethical principles and strategies for action. Of a number of important issues that frame policy, three deserve mention. First, market forces, as opposed to health and social policy decisions are increasingly influencing the policy debate. Second, existing policy options to reduce alcohol-related harm are unlikely to lead to an increased risk of coronary heart disease among older age groups. And third, policy developments and changes in drinking patterns in countries of southern Europe are an important driving force in European policy on alcohol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

Subjects' rights, freedom of inquiry, and the future of research in the addictions.

Since the recent passage of regulations concerning subjects' rights and freedom on inquiry, opposition by the public and others to some areas of research in the addictions has prevented its implementation or continuation. Research investigators in the biomedical and behavioral sciences have been placed in the position of defending their work in an adversary climate. The author points out the importance of transmitting to the public, the scientific community, and legislators the investigators' concern that "subjects' rights" not be viewed only in a legalistic context, but also in the context of not harming the patient.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adaptive radiofrequency hyperthermia-phased array system for improved cancer therapy: phantom target measurements.

A computer-controlled adaptive radio-frequency hyperthermia system for improved therapeutic tumour heating is experimentally investigated. Adaptive array feedback techniques are used to modify the electric-field and temperature distribution in hyperthermia experiments with homogeneous and heterogeneous phantom targets. A commercial hyperthermia phased-array antenna system at the SUNY Health Science Center in Syracuse, New York, has been modified to implement adaptive nulling and adaptive focusing algorithms. The hyperthermia system is the BSD Medical Corporation Model BSD-2000 with Sigma-60 annular phased-array antenna applicator. The transmit phased array system is made adaptive by software modifications which invoke a gradient-search feedback algorithm. The gradient-search algorithm implements the method of steepest descent for adaptive nulling (power minimization) and the method of steepest ascent for adaptive focusing (power maximization). The feedback signals are provided by electric-field short-dipole probe antennas. With an adaptive hyperthermia array using real-time measured data, it may be possible to maximize the applied electric field at a tumour position in a complex scattering target body and simultaneously minimize or reduce the electric field at target positions where undesired high-temperature regions (hot spots) occur. The measured phantom-target data indicate that adaptive nulling can reduce the electric field at one or more target positions while simultaneously focusing the electric field at a deep-seated position within the target.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

HUBNET: Wide Area Network utilization of Local Area Network medical reference and communication resources.

The State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and its associated teaching sites have developed and partially implemented a regional Wide Area Network (WAN) in Buffalo and Western New York. The school wishes to use this WAN to deliver reference and communication resources to students, residents and faculty. The richest pool of easy to use reference and communication resources are PC software programs that are intended for individual workstations or at best, client-server, Local Area Network (LAN) implementation. HUBNET (Hospitals and University at Buffalo Library Resource Network), a project of the School of Medicine and the Library Consortium of Health Institutions in Buffalo offers integrated presentation of many such LAN resources over this regional WAN. The system crosses many institutional boundaries and reaches physically remote sites in a complex mix of information systems environments with few issues related to performance. The system design provides a level of ease of use that has brought many new users into active computer use while addressing integration into diverse information systems settings and networking environments.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points): is it coming to the dairy?

The risks and consequences of foodborne and waterborne pathogens are coming to the forefront of public health concerns, and strong pressure is being applied on agriculture for immediate implementation of on-farm controls. The FDA is considering HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) as the new foundation for revision of the US Food Safety Assurance Program because HACCP is considered to be a science-based, systematic approach to the prevention of food safety problems. In addition, the implementation of HACCP principles permits more government oversight through requirements for standard operating procedures and additional systems for keeping records, places primary responsibility for ensuring food safety on the food manufacturer or distributor, and may assist US food companies in competing more effectively in the world market. With the HACCP-based program in place, a government investigator should be able to determine and evaluate both current and past conditions that are critical to ensuring the safety of the food produced by the facility. When this policy is brought to the production unit, the impact for producers and veterinarians will be substantial.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Implementing change: the installation of an integrated library system at UTHSCSA.

The implementation of the Library Information System (LIS) and the distributed PHILSOM system at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Library is described. These systems were installed over a ten-month period in 1982-1983. Aspects of the implementation, including equipment, staffing, scheduling, data preparation, and public relations, are reviewed. Evaluation of LIS and its costs are discussed.

Computers↗
PubMed1992

Collecting, communicating and using information: the educational issues. A report from the Royal College of Physicians Committee on Medical Information Technology.

Few of the major advances in information science and technology have yet been successfully introduced in health care. Their implementation could improve both quality of care and the working environment of clinicians, but this will not be achieved by investing in hardware and software alone. Investment in education is also required.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organizing and implementing an Ilizarov program.

The Ilizarov external fixator has made a profound impact on orthopaedic science. With its circular design, it allows correction of three-dimensional deformities including rotation, angulation, translation, shortening, and widening, as well as lengthening and soft tissue defects. Because this device is largely patient centered and patient operated, it has presented a new challenge and career investment for the orthopaedic nurse. A comprehensive Ilizarov program is necessary to address the total patient and his multiple needs in any facility where the Ilizarov method of treatment is adopted. The Ilizarov program is a multidisciplinary team approach that provides a structure for administering and providing total patient care for the Ilizarov patient and his significant other(s).

External Fixators↗
PubMed1987

Measuring productivity in quality assurance.

In a climate of financial viability in early 1986, productivity measurement and analysis were implemented as major components of the quality assurance program at University Medical Center at the Arizona Health Sciences Center. The purpose was basically to balance the benefits of conducting an integrated quality assurance program with the operational costs. A fully integrated quality assurance program was implemented at University Medical Center during June, 1985. Comprehensive, 100 percent chart screening is conducted utilizing occurrence screening criteria and criteria for all required JCAH clinical monitors. The quality assurance program is based on the Medical Management Analysis (MMA) system established by Joyce W. Craddick, M.D. Since the immediate plan of the hospital administration's financial sector was to develop units of service for nonrevenue-producing cost centers, the QA director was obligated to develop standards that would demonstrate effective management of the QA department's resources and would project revenue requirements for program development. The QA director elected to conduct a productivity study which resulted in the establishment of performance standards that are currently utilized in budget development to determine staffing needs; to appraise employee performance; and to perform trend analysis.

Arizona↗