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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Dyssynchrony, conflict, and resolution: positive contributions to infant development.

While most psychological research has emphasized the importance of conflict-free mother-infant interactions, a review of recent research suggests that dyssynchrony, conflict, and their successful resolution are also integral to normative mother-infant interactions and optimal infant outcomes. Theory and research incorporating these concepts are described, areas for research suggested, and clinical applications noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Infant development following the use of intravenous nutrition to women with persistently low urinary oestriol excretion.

During the 6-year period 1971 to 1976, 10,545 patients had urinary oestriol determinations during pregnancy and 333 (3.2%) had persistently low values. Of the 335 resultant infants 206 were from patients treated with intravenous dextrose and/or amino-acids (treated group) and 129 from nontreated patients (nontreated group). The stillbirth rate was 2.4% in the treated group and 11.6% in the untreated group (p greater than 0.001), and the neonatal death rates were 2.9% and 4.7% respectively (p = NS). Assessment of the surviving infants to 7 years of age revealed no significant differences in growth between treated and nontreated groups. There was no increase in the incidence of major neurological abnormalities in the treated infants (2.9%) when compared to those from nontreated pregnancies (1.3%) (p = NS), nor was there a significant difference in the incidence of minor neurological abnormality or findings on psychological assessments. We conclude that dextrose and/or amino-acid infusions given to pregnant women with low oestriol excretion reduced the perinatal mortality rate without significant compromise to subsequent development of surviving infants.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Influence of prolonged pregnancy on infant development.

Although prolonged pregnancy has been associated with a twofold to sevenfold increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality, few investigators have addressed the question of long-term outcome for postterm infants. The existing information, spanning several decades, is confounded by several factors, such as different treatment eras, different population demographics, limited predictive value of testing preschool children, absence of term controls, retrospective nature of many surveys and unreliable criteria used to define prolonged pregnancy. At the University of Toronto a prospective, controlled study to determine the extent and frequency (if any) of developmental disturbances associated with prolonged pregnancy in both eutrophic and dysmature neonates is nearing completion. The results obtained could be important when one is faced with a decision on how to manage a postterm pregnancy.

Child Development↗
PubMed1979

The discriminative efficiency of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.

This study was designed to determine the discriminative efficiency of the Bayley Mental and Motor Scales for classifying infants as neurologically suspicious and neurologically normal. The two groups employed in the study were formed on the basis of the results from comprehensive neurological examinations performed at ages 1 and 7. Three discriminant function analyses were conducted, one for each scale separately and a third incorporating both scales using a stepwise procedure. Efficiency was measured in terms of number of correct and incorrect classifications, false positive and false negative errors, and validity coefficients. Comparisons among the analyses were examined by means of relative discrimination power and incremental validity. The findings suggested that the Motor Scale provides the most accurate identification of infants with suspected neurological impairments. A statistically significant likelihood discriminant function derived from both scales yielded some additional discriminative power. The law of parsimony, however, dictated the use of the single Motor Scale.

Child↗
PubMed2002

S100B protein is increased in asphyxiated term infants developing intraventricular hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether S100B protein may be useful in the early detection of intraventricular hemorrhage in asphyxiated term infants. DESIGN: Case-control study. PATIENTS: Twenty full-term newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage, 20 asphyxiated infants without intraventricular hemorrhage, and 80 normal newborns. INTERVENTIONS: Routine laboratory variables and neurologic patterns were assessed at birth after 12 and 72 hrs. Ultrasound imaging and middle cerebral artery Doppler velocimetry pulsatility index were recorded at 12 and 72 hrs after birth. S100B protein blood concentrations were determined at 12 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: S100B protein levels were significantly higher in samples collected from newborns who developed intraventricular hemorrhage (1.87 +/- 0.60 microg/L) than from those who did not develop intraventricular hemorrhage (0.72 +/- 0.39 microg/L) or from normal infants (0.66 +/- 0.31 microg/L). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation between circulating S100B protein concentrations and the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that elevated S100B protein represents a useful tool for the early detection of intraventricular hemorrhage in the postasphyxia period when clinical examination and cerebral ultrasound might still be silent.

Asphyxia↗
PubMed1995

Maternal distress and perceptions of infant development following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and conventional ventilation for persistent pulmonary hypertension.

Neurodevelopmental outcome and concurrent maternal distress were examined for infants who suffered persistent pulmonary hypertension at birth and were treated with either extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (n = 19) or conventional ventilation (CV) (n = 15). Mothers were asked to complete inventories assessing their infant's (mean age 8.74 months) developmental growth as well as their own psychological health. Relevant sociodemographic and treatment parameters were also entered into the analysis. The results indicated that ECMO and CV infants did not differ on developmental indices and impairment rates were 15-23% respectively, similar to previous reports. In addition, ECMO and CV mothers did not differ in their reports of psychological distress. Correlational analyses revealed that length of treatment for ECMO but not CV infants significantly predicted developmental delay and maternal distress. For CV mothers, maternal distress was associated with the perception of delayed language. The results are discussed in terms of the limited morbidity associated with ECMO and CV interventions and the possible role of a 'vulnerable child syndrome' in understanding the maternal-infant relationship following ECMO therapy.

Child Development↗
PubMed1986

The influence of prolonged pregnancy on infant development at one and two years of age: a prospective controlled study.

Isolated reports of developmental disturbances following prolonged pregnancy led us to compare, prospectively, at 1 and 2 years of age, infants born after normal term gestations with those born after prolonged pregnancies (exceeding 294 days). The infants were subgrouped according to their physical condition at birth, that is, normal or dysmature (mild or advanced dysmaturity). Infant assessments included: (1) height and weight, (2) hospitalizations, and (3) mental development by the Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Follow-up testing was obtained on 130 term control infants and 89 infants of prolonged pregnancies at 1 year of age and 111 term control infants and 76 infants of prolonged pregnancies at 2 years of age. At 1 and 2 years the general intelligence quotient, physical milestones, and intercurrent illnesses for normal infants and those of prolonged pregnancies were not significantly different.

Body Height↗