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Results for “Information Storage and Retrieval”

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PubMed1990

A review of the CLIP system for the quantitative analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis gels.

This paper reviews the CLIP image processing system for the complete analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis images. The analysis problem for two-dimensional gel images can be broken down into three issues: segmentation of individual gel images, alignment and comparison of pairs of gel images, and information storage and retrieval. This paper describes these problems and reviews how the CLIP system handles each of them. Segmentation is the location and isolation of each protein spot on an individual gel image and also the extraction of individual spot data such as position, area and volume. There are three basic stages: background field correction, noise filtering, spot detection and information extraction. Alignment and comparison of gel images involves matching protein spots between two gels. This can be quite difficult because there is not a simple relationship which can transform one gel image onto another. The database issues concern storing all the information which has been obtained from the above operations such that retrieval of this information can be readily performed. The advantage of the CLIP system over others is speed of processing. CLIP series computers use one processor for every pixel of the camera image such that image processing algorithms run in parallel. The main disadvantage is in the cost of these machines. With the declining trend in the cost of parallel processors, these machines will become more and more viable alternatives. This papers reviews the algorithms for the analysis of two-dimensional gels. It is shown that CLIP is flexible enough to perform more than one type of algorithm for a particular operation.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2000

[Archives of environmental health digital maps and their delivery by the Internet].

Geographic Information System is becoming a very important tool for environmental health research. We have produced various digital maps for different scales for different purposes. The burst of E. Coli O-157, distribution of hazadarous chemicals in East Asia, and coastal resin pellets are some examples. It now becomes a problem how to archive these digital maps and how to retrieve these maps according to user's request. We have developed a computer system that can store various types of digital maps and can retrieve them from WWW client machines. The key concept of this archive system is to classify every digital maps according to their region of interest.

Environmental Health↗

PubMed1976

Methods for detecting teratogenic agents in man.

At a multidiscipline international meeting sponsored by L'Institut de la Vie held at Guadeloupe in January 1974, current methods for detecting teratogenic agents were outlined and discussed. Recommendations of the participants of the conference were: recognize the limitations of the present defenses against teratogenic agents; educate the public and medical profession about the known human teratogenic agents; select for animal teratogenicity screening among new and existing agents by emphasizing substances to which the entire population will be exposed, agents to which pregnant women are exposed, viruses which are found to persist in the human fetus, and agents which have become suspect from clinical experience; recognize that nearly all compounds have a fetotoxic dose but that this does not imply teratogenicity; encourage the development of new, quick in vitro testing methods for detecting teratogenic agents; monitor for sudden increases in the frequency of specific malformations in newborn infants and in aborted fetuses; assure that expert multidiscipline committees are available to evaluate the threat when suspected teratogens are reported; improve teratology information storage and retrieval systems by record linkage of clinical data, linkage between computer systems, and universal identifier system for chemical compounds and congenical malformations; foster the exchange of data, particularly those held by the pharmaceutical industry.

Amniocentesis↗

PubMed1996

Knowledge retrieval as one type of knowledge-based decision support in medicine: results of an evaluation study.

We report on a prospective, prolective observational study, supplying information on how physicians and other health care professionals retrieve medical knowledge on-line within the Heidelberg University Hospital information system. Within this hospital information system, on-line access to medical knowledge has been realised by installing a medical knowledge server in the range of about 24 GB and by providing access to it by health care professional workstations in wards, physicians' rooms, etc. During the study, we observed about 96 accesses per working day. The main group of health care professionals retrieving medical knowledge were physicians and medical students. Primary reasons for its utilisation were identified as support for the users' scientific work (50%), own clinical cases (19%), general medical problems (14%) and current clinical problems (13%). Health care professionals had accesses to medical knowledge bases such as MEDLINE (79%), drug bases ('Rote Liste', 6%), and to electronic text books and knowledge base systems as well. Sixty-five percent of accesses to medical knowledge were judged to be successful. In our opinion, medical knowledge retrieval can serve as a first step towards knowledge processing in medicine. We point out the consequences for the management of hospital information systems in order to provide the prerequisites for such a type of knowledge retrieval.

Computer Systems↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An information system for analyzing census data on microcomputers.

The authors describe a software program called CeDAR, for Census Data Analysis and Retrieval System, which is "a microcomputer-based census information system that can be used to retrieve, display, manipulate and analyze published data from the 1980 U.S. Census and other geographic databases." General characteristics, sequence of operation, and availability of CeDAR are discussed.

Americas↗

PubMed1997

[Performance and cost transparency as quality assurance measures].

The use of a Hospital Information System--Network Configuration, Information--Storage and Retrieval, Medical-Administration and -Documentation--lead in the Department of Surgery to positive effects concerning transparency and consciousness of costs and allowed an accurate budget planing and controlling of proceeds.

Budgets↗

PubMed1996

The project ARIANE: conceptual queries to information databases.

As information databases we consider all the collections of data records indexed by key-words, stored and delivered by computer systems. In previous research works we demonstrated the interest to design a conceptual model, in the conceptual graphs formalism, and to implement a computational model for information retrieval in large information databases. These models are based on the UMLS knowledge sources. This paper reminds briefly these models and describes tests done in querying a patients database and a bibliographical database.

Databases, Bibliographic↗

PubMed1999

Analysis of information needs of users of the Stanford Health Information Network for Education.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the information needs of users of the Stanford Health Information Network for Education (SHINE), an integrated information retrieval (IR) system. METHODS: A subset of queries from the SHINE log were categorized into one or more of 33 categories. RESULTS: Drugs and infectious disease accounted for 25% of categorizations, and otherwise the distribution of categorizations was quite broad. CONCLUSIONS: Attention should be paid to the selection of drug information resources in medical knowledge information retrieval systems. The distribution of query categorizations also suggests that IR systems include a wide range of knowledge resources.

California↗

PubMed1993

Using the Internet Gopher Protocol to link a computerized patient record and distributed electronic resources.

At Duke University Medical Center, we are developing a prototype clinical application for automated patient care plans with integrated links to electronic documents and other electronic resources. These links are implemented using the Internet Gopher Protocol, an emerging standard for distributed document search and retrieval. Use of this protocol permits storage of electronic documents in an open, nonproprietary manner. This paper discusses the architecture of the link mechanism and presents some of the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1998

Use of guidelines in primary care--practitioners' perspectives.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Concern about the inadequate take-up of guidelines in general practice has concentrated on problems arising from the process of their development and implementation. However, these perspectives fail to take account of the needs, attitudes and problems of GPs themselves. In this study we aimed to identify barriers to the use of guidelines and opportunities for tackling them, from the point of view of the GP, so that future guideline development and policy could be more sensitive to the needs of GPs in the environment in which they work. METHOD: Twenty in-depth semi-structured interviews were audiotaped with GPs from within the Avon Health Authority area, representing GPs with different backgrounds and working environments. The transcribed data collected were analysed using a grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Utilization of guideline information is complex. GPs' appraisals of the value of guidelines interact with prior knowledge and beliefs, practicalities of existing information storage and retrieval systems, and individual working practices. Conditions where guidelines are most likely to be referred to may be those either very rarely or very commonly presenting in general practice. Key issues for the uptake of guidelines in the consultation are: general preference for certain formats of presentation; reputability and ownership; use of guidelines in shared decision-making; scope for computer-based systems; and GPs' attitudes to time pressures on information-seeking in relation to tolerance of uncertainty. CONCLUSION: Local initiatives might usefully explore the possibilities of supporting development of guideline-retrieval systems customized for individual GPs or practices. Novel means of stimulating 'ownership' and demonstrating reputability should be sought. The analysis provides a framework for understanding the complexities of the processes of GPs' use of guidelines in practice which can be useful in explaining the results of trials of guideline effectiveness. Guideline implementation occurs in the context of conflicting pressures for clinical autonomy and professional standardization and quality improvement.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1997

Organizing, storing, and analysing qualitative research information in a computer database.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a method to handle data in qualitative research. DESIGN: Description of the data handling process in a personal computer database. SETTING: The method was used in a Danish qualitative study with more than 100 interviews on quality of care. OUTCOME MEASURES: The author's own description and assessment of the system. RESULTS: Storing information in a database makes it possible to store and retrieve information from qualitative research divided in themes and subthemes. The themes and subthemes are based on an interview guide and the succeeding development of theory and new themes. The comprehensive sorting systems in a database enable the researcher to keep an overview of his data while analysing and reporting. CONCLUSION: Storing, analysing, and retrieving data from qualitative research demands careful planning. A computer database may be a good help in this process if the researcher will not use more complex and comprehensive software for his analysis.

Denmark↗

PubMed1994

Introduction to smart card technology and initial medical application.

Smart card technology is the name applied to the use of a plastic card with an embedded computer chip. Recent development of smart card software has allowed storage and retrieval of medical information, affording the opportunity to provide a standardized, portable, accessible medical record for use in prehospital and emergency department patient encounters. We describe the smart card concept and its initial deployment in a section of a large Midwestern urban area.

Emergencies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CliniWeb: managing clinical information on the World Wide Web.

The World Wide Web is a powerful new way to deliver on-line clinical information, but several problems limit its value to health care professionals: content is highly distributed and difficult to find, clinical information is not separated from non-clinical information, and the current Web technology is unable to support some advanced retrieval capabilities. A system called CliniWeb has been developed to address these problems. CliniWeb is an index to clinical information on the World Wide Web, providing a browsing and searching interface to clinical content at the level of the health care student or provider. Its database contains a list of clinical information resources on the Web that are indexed by terms from the Medical Subject Headings disease tree and retrieved with the assistance of SAPHIRE. Limitations of the processes used to build the database are discussed, together with directions for future research.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed2005

YeastHub: a semantic web use case for integrating data in the life sciences domain.

MOTIVATION: As the semantic web technology is maturing and the need for life sciences data integration over the web is growing, it is important to explore how data integration needs can be addressed by the semantic web. The main problem that we face in data integration is a lack of widely-accepted standards for expressing the syntax and semantics of the data. We address this problem by exploring the use of semantic web technologies-including resource description framework (RDF), RDF site summary (RSS), relational-database-to-RDF mapping (D2RQ) and native RDF data repository-to represent, store and query both metadata and data across life sciences datasets. RESULTS: As many biological datasets are presently available in tabular format, we introduce an RDF structure into which they can be converted. Also, we develop a prototype web-based application called YeastHub that demonstrates how a life sciences data warehouse can be built using a native RDF data store (Sesame). This data warehouse allows integration of different types of yeast genome data provided by different resources in different formats including the tabular and RDF formats. Once the data are loaded into the data warehouse, RDF-based queries can be formulated to retrieve and query the data in an integrated fashion. AVAILABILITY: The YeastHub website is accessible via the following URL: http://yeasthub.gersteinlab.org.

Biology↗

PubMed2004

Context-sensitive medical information retrieval.

Substantial medical data such as pathology reports, operative reports, discharge summaries, and radiology reports are stored in textual form. Databases containing free-text medical narratives often need to be searched to find relevant information for clinical and research purposes. Terms that appear in these documents tend to appear in different contexts. The con-text of negation, a negative finding, is of special importance, since many of the most frequently described findings are those denied by the patient or subsequently "ruled out." Hence, when searching free-text narratives for patients with a certain medical condition, if negation is not taken into account, many of the retrieved documents will be irrelevant. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for automated learning of negative context patterns in medical narratives and test the effect of context identification on the performance of medical information retrieval. The algorithm presented significantly improves the performance of information retrieval done on medical narratives. The precision im-proves from about 60%, when using context-insensitive retrieval, to nearly 100%. The impact on recall is only minor. In addition, context-sensitive queries enable the user to search for terms in ways not otherwise available

Algorithms↗

PubMed1993

Perusing the literature via citation links.

While MEDLINE searching is recognized as the single most effective means to identify relevant items to solve clinical and research problems, the clinician should also consider the complementary strategy to search for relevant items citing a known key paper. This study reports on the usefulness of citation searching based on the analysis of 89 searches. For each topic, the citations linked to an average of 24% additional relevant materials. At least one relevant item was added to 85% of the searches. The additional effort of scanning another printout is minimal since citation searching for 42% of the searches produced less than 7 additional items, half of which were judged to be useful. Duplicate retrievals were mostly of definite relevance. This alternate strategy appeared to be effective in interdisciplinary topics. Furthermore, the online version of the citation index is known for short turn-around time in processing, a feature important for many rapidly developing specialties.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗

PubMed1992

Incorporating knowledge to databases--a solution to complex domains.

This paper describes the design of an integrated environment to handle information on congenital heart disease patients. A three-layer model that integrates a database, a knowledge-base and a graphical user-interface is presented. The role of each layer and its connections is discussed. The advantages of using a hypertext front-end system to present and retrieve complex data are also addressed. The current status of the project and its future developments are described in the final section.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2002

A one-step approach to data retrieval, analysis and documentation.

In this paper we propose a system architecture to support data retrieval from patient records, together with data analysis, and report generation. Moving from retrieval all the way to documentation should be done as in a pipeline, and computer support must minimize manual steps in this knowledge refinement scenario. A case study is drawn from urology for surgery on patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Computer Systems↗