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PubMed1987

Intestinal colonization of laboratory rats with Oxalobacter formigenes.

Six strains of Oxalobacter formigenes (anaerobic oxalate-degrading bacteria) were examined for their ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of adult laboratory rats. These rats did not harbor O. formigenes. Strain OxCR6, isolated from the cecal contents of a laboratory rat that was naturally colonized by oxalate-degrading bacteria, colonized the ceca and colons of adult rats fed a diet that contained 4.5% sodium oxalate. Five days after rats were inoculated intragastrically with 10(9) viable cells of strain OxCR6, oxalate degradation rates in cecal and colonic contents increased by 19 and 40 times, respectively. Viable counts of strain OxCR6 from these rats averaged 10(8)/g (dry weight) of cecal contents. Strain OxCR6 was not detected in the cecal contents of inoculated rats fed diets that contained less than 3.0% sodium oxalate. Strains of O. formigenes isolated from the cecal contents of swine, guinea pigs, and wild rats and from human feces also colonized the ceca of laboratory rats; a ruminal strain failed to colonize the rat cecum.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Molecular and phenotypic analysis of the CS54 island of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium: identification of intestinal colonization and persistence determinants.

The shdA gene is carried on a 25-kb genetic island at centisome 54 (CS54 island) of the Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium chromosome. In addition to shdA, the CS54 island of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strain LT2 contains four open reading frames designated ratA, ratB, sivI, and sivH. DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the CS54 island is comprised of two regions with distinct phylogenetic distribution within the genus Salmonella. Homologues of shdA and ratB were detected only in serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. I. In contrast, sequences hybridizing with ratA, sivI, and sivH were present in S. enterica subsp. II and S. bongori in addition to S. enterica subsp. I. Deletion of the ratA and sivI genes did not alter the ability of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium to colonize the organs of mice. Insertional inactivation of the sivH gene resulted in defective colonization of the Peyer's patches of the terminal ileum but normal colonization of the cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Deletion of the shdA gene resulted in decreased colonization of the cecum and Peyer's patches of the terminal ileum and colonization to a lesser degree in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen 5 days post-oral inoculation of mice. A strain containing a deletion in the ratB gene exhibited a defect for the colonization of the cecum but not of the Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. The shdA and ratB deletion strains exhibited a shedding defect in mice, whereas the sivH deletion strain was shed at numbers similar to the wild type. These data suggest that colonization of the murine cecum is required for efficient fecal shedding in mice.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Seropositivity for and intestinal colonization with Entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in individuals in northeastern Brazil.

In a slum community in northeastern Brazil 20% of a sample population was colonized with Entamoeba histolytica or Entamoeba dispar and 10.6% was colonized with E. histolytica alone. No correlation between seropositivity for anti-Ga1NAc lectin antibody and colonization was found. These results suggest that colonization does not necessarily produce immunity to reinfection.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control of established Salmonella typhimurium intestinal colonization with in vivo-passaged anaerobes.

Broiler chickens were inoculated orally with 10(6) Salmonella typhimurium on the day of hatch. Twenty-four to 72 hr after challenge, the chicks were inoculated orally with cecal microflora that had been repeatedly passed through lactose-fed broiler chicks. In vivo passage proved to be a convenient and practical method for preserving protective anaerobic flora. These organisms effectively reduced S. typhimurium concentrations in the cecal contents by 4-5 orders of magnitude, even when given 24 to 72 hr after Salmonella challenge inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Intestinal colonization of young chicks with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other verotoxin-producing serotypes.

The susceptibility of chicks to colonization with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other verotoxin-producing serotypes was studied. The E. coli colonized the caeca of both broilers and layers after oral administration of the challenge. The extent of colonization was dependent on challenge dose, age of chicks at the time of challenge, breed of chicks and length of time after exposure. A rapid increase in caecal colonization and a decrease in crop colonization was evident during the first few hours after challenge, with a maximum in the caeca at 6 h. Escherichia coli persisted in caecal contents as well as on caecal walls throughout the course of the experiments (14 d), but at much lower levels compared with the 6 h post-challenge.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

"Small intestinal type" and "colonic type" intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach, and their relationship to the histogenetic types of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Intestinal metaplasia in the non-tumour bearing parts of the gastric mucosa was demonstrated in 24 cases in a material consisting of 27 consecutive patients operated for carcinoma of the stomach. Two mucin histochemical types of intestinal metaplasia could be identified. 1) "Small intestinal type" which was present in all 24 cases, and which was by far the most dominating type. 2) "Colonic type" which occurred in small foci in the gastric mucosa of 11 cases, and which was significantly more frequent in stomachs bearing tumours of presumed intestinal histogenesis, than in those bearing tumours of presumed non-intestinal histogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morpho-functional adaptation and motility of the small intestine and colon after extensive intestinal exclusions].

Recent advances in anesthetic and surgical techniques have increased the survival of patients after extensive bowel exclusions. This, in addition to the increased use of intestinal bypass for the treatment of obesity, has substantially increased the number of persons living with a short bowel. Proper management of these individuals is based on a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of the shortened gastrointestinal tract.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Absorption of ACE inhibitors from small intestine and colon.

The intestinal absorption of two ACE inhibitors was studied to determine the potential for colonic delivery of small peptides. In addition, studies were also performed to assess intestinal tissue uptake and evaluate a canine intestinal-access-port model as techniques for screening absorption. To evaluate the impact of differences in the contributions of passive permeation and carrier-mediated peptide transport on in vitro uptake and in vivo absorption, an esterified prodrug, benazepril, and a free diacid non-prodrug, CGS 16617, were selected for study. Potential colonic absorption enhancement utilizing coadministration of Intralipid was also investigated. Studies in rat everted intestinal rings verified that jejunal benazepril uptake included a carrier-mediated component while that of the diacid did not. Uptake of both drugs was purely passive in colonic rings. Equilibrium uptake and uptake rate of the more lipophilic prodrug was 2-fold greater than the diacid. Benazepril and CGS 16617 jejunal uptake rate at 0.01 mM was 3.5 and 2.5 times higher, respectively, than from colonic rings. Following jejunal administration in dogs, maximum benazepril plasma levels (Cmax) and area under the plasma level versus time curve (AUC) were 5.5 and 3.0 times higher, respectively, than following colonic administration. Maximum benazepril plasma levels following colonic administration in dogs was 2-fold greater than for CGS 16617, consistent with in vitro results. Colonic coadministration of the poorly-absorbed CGS 16617 with 2 mL of Intralipid (within dietary range for fecal fat content) enhanced Cmax and AUC 2.5- and 3.5-fold, respectively, in the dog and AUC 1.5-fold in the rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Laboratory findings in four cases of adult botulism suggest colonization of the intestinal tract.

There was laboratory evidence of intestinal colonization in four cases of adult botulism confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control. No performed toxin was detected in available foods, but Clostridium botulinum was isolated from foods in two instances. Botulinal toxin was detected in the sera of all four patients, in one case at 47 days after ingestion of suspected food. C. botulinum was demonstrated in the stool of all four patients and persisted for 119 days after the onset of illness in one patient. Two patients had surgical alterations of the gastrointestinal tract, which may have promoted the colonization. The apparent lack of ingestion of performed toxin in these cases and the persistence of botulinal toxin or C. botulinum, or both, for long periods in three of the patients suggest that colonization of the intestinal tract occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prolonged ambulatory small intestinal and colonic motility monitoring: potential in irritable bowel syndrome--first report of prolonged ambulatory oesophageal, small intestinal and colonic motility in the same patient.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects up to 25% of the population in western countries and accounts for up to 50% of referrals to gastroenterologist, remains mainly a diagnosis of exclusion. We have studied, for the first time, prolonged ambulatory motility recordings from the oesophagus, small intestine and colon of a patient who was referred to us with a 12-year history of abdominal pain and a presumptive diagnosis of IBS. The results indicated that the diagnosis was pseudo-obstruction syndrome rather than IBS. Wider clinical use of the new techniques of prolonged ambulatory intestinal motility monitoring in IBS would offer considerable potential not only in achieving a greater understanding of its pathophysiology but also in providing a more precise definition of clinical and therapeutic subgroups.

Colon↗
PubMed2002

Bone marrow derivation of pericryptal myofibroblasts in the mouse and human small intestine and colon.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In order to establish whether extraintestinal cells contribute to the turnover and repair of gastrointestinal tissues, we studied the colons and small intestines of female mice that had received a male bone marrow transplant, together with gastrointestinal biopsies from female patients that had developed graft versus host disease after receiving a bone marrow transplant from male donors. METHODS: Using in situ hybridisation to detect Y chromosomes and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that cells derived from injected bone marrow frequently engrafted into the intestine and differentiated into pericryptal myofibroblasts. RESULTS: In the human intestine, we confirmed by combining in situ hybridisation with immunostaining for smooth muscle actin that the bone marrow derived cells within the intestine exhibited a myofibroblast phenotype. In female mouse recipients of male bone marrow grafts, we observed colocalisation of Y chromosomes and clusters of newly formed marrow derived myofibroblasts. While few of these were present at seven days after bone marrow transplantation, they were numerous at 14 days, and by six weeks entire columns of pericryptal myofibroblasts could be seen running up the sides of crypts in both the small intestine and colon. These columns appeared to extend into the villi in the small intestine. Within the intestinal lamina propria, these Y chromosome positive cells were negative for the mouse macrophage marker F4/80 antigen and CD34. CONCLUSIONS: Bone marrow derived pericryptal myofibroblasts were present in the mouse intestine following irradiation and bone marrow transplant, and in the intestines of human patients suffering graft versus host disease following a bone marrow transplant. Our data indicate that bone marrow cells contribute to the regeneration of intestinal myofibroblasts and epithelium after damage, and we suggest that this could be exploited therapeutically.

Animals↗