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PubMed1976

Efficacy of antibiotics A204 sodium A28695A, and A204np against Coccidia of rabbits.

Three polycyclic, polyether, monocarboxylic acid antibiotics produced by and extracted from a strain of Streptomyces albus and designated A204 sodium, A28695A, or A204-np, were specifically tested for activity against hepatic and incidentally against intestinal coccidia of rabbits. All were effective in preventing infections and acceptable to young rabbits when prepared in pelleted feed. Weight gain, however, was not as good as inoculated, medicated rabbits as in noninoculated, nonmedicated controls. No gross pathologic changes were detected except in the livers of inoculated, nonmedicated controls which were severely infected on greatly enlarged. Livers of medicated rabbits were uninfected and normal in appearance and size.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Significance of schistosomal granuloma modulation.

Hepatic Schistosoma mansoni periovular granulomas undergo changes in size, cellular composition and appearance with time. This phenomenon, known as "immunological modulation", has been thought to reflect host immunological status. However, as modulation has not been observed outside the liver, participation of local factors, hitherto little considered, seems crucial. Components of the extracellular matrix of periovular granulomas of the mouse were particularly studied in three different organs (liver, lung and intestine) and during three periods of infection time (acute, intermediate and chronic) by means of histological, biochemical and immunofluorescence techniques, while quantitative data were evaluated by computerized morphometry, in order to investigate participation of local factors in granuloma modulation. Results confirmed modulation as a exclusively hepatic phenomenon, since pulmonary and intestinal granulomas, formed around mature eggs, did not change size and appearance with time. The matricial components which were investigated (Type I, III and IV collagens, fibronectin, laminin, proteoglycans and elastin) were found in all granulomas and in all organs examined. However, their presence was much more prominent in the liver. Elastin was only found in hepatic granulomas of chronic infection. The large amount of extracellular matrix components found in hepatic granulomas was the main change responsible for the morphological aspects of modulation. Therefore, the peculiar environment of the liver ultimately determines the changes identified in schistosomal granuloma as "modulation".

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Effect of aestivation of Biomphalaria pfeifferi on the survival and infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.

Schistosoma mansoni cercariae from post-aestivated Biomphalaria pfeifferi remain motile for 20 hours after release. Thereafter, their activity decreases with age. The difference in mortality rate of cercariae from aestivated and non-aestivated B. pfeifferi studied here proved to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) within the first 10 hours of the experimental period. Results of the percentage recovery of worms from different mouse organs infected with cercariae from aestivated and non-aestivated snails varied. The two main organs infected were the liver and intestine. In conclusion, the penetration, migration and maturation of cercariae into adult worms were not affected by the aestivation of B. pfeifferi.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Non-parasitic liver cysts and polycystic liver disease: results of surgical treatment.

The results of surgical treatment in 8 patients with polycystic liver disease (group A) and 6 patients with symptomatic simple cysts (group B) are presented. In group A, all patients underwent hepatic resection, in some cases combined with deroofing or fenestration procedures. Complications occurred postoperatively in 3 patients (37.5%). Two of these three patients had no perceived benefit from the surgical treatment. Two other patients had recurrent symptoms 12 and 20 months after operation, and one patient underwent a second resection after a 5-year-interval; she is now symptom-free after 19 months of follow-up. In group B, no complications occurred after surgical treatment consisting of either deroofing or pericystectomy. These patients were symptom-free after 5-32 months of follow-up. The therapeutic management of non-parasitic cystic liver disease is still under discussion. We advocate wide deroofing or pericystectomy for symptomatic simple cysts. Hepatic resection in highly symptomatic polycystic disease is surgically demanding and should be performed by an experienced liver surgeon. Relief of symptoms can be achieved, but the rate of complications is relatively high.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Specificity of crude and purified Fasciola antigens in immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis.

A study has been done to find the effect of purification of crude antigens extracted from adult F. gigantica and F. hepatica on the cross reactions encountered in C.I.E.P., I.H.A. and E.L.I.S.A. serological techniques with sera o other parasitic and non-parasitic diseases. It was performed on 75 patients and 20 healthy controls. It was found that sera of many diseases may cross-react with crude Fasciola antigen in serological diagnosis. These diseases include schistosomiasis, hydatidosis, amoebic liver abscess, heterophyiasis, trichinosis, non parasitic liver diseases (liver neoplasms, pyogenic liver abscess, viral hepatitis and acute leukaemic) and rheumatoid arthritis. Partial purification of crude Fasciola antigens is a suitable method to avoid cross reactivity when using C.I.E.P. or to diminish them when using E.L.I.S.A. No need for this purification when using I.H.A. So using partially purified adult Fasciola antigens C.I.E.P. was the most specific test (100%) of followed by C.L.I.S.A. then I.H.A.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Heptatic and rectal pathology in Schistosoma intercalatum infection.

Forty nine needle biopsies and 16 rectal biopsies taken from patients infected with S. intercalatum at the Ndoungué hospital (Department of Mungo, Cameroon) were studied. The histopathological changes were compared with the characteristic liver changes in S. mansoni infections. The pathological findings and clinical data were correlated in order to evaluate the extent of the liver changes in isolated S. intercalatum infections and in S. intercalatum infections assoicated with a concomitant disease. Outside the portal triangle eggs were less frequently found in S. intercalatum infection than in S. mansoni infection. This may be explained by the greater dimensions of S. intercalatum eggs. S. intercalatum granulomata, observed only in the portal triangle, had smaller dimensions than S. mansoni granulomata. S. intercalatum infection did not cause liver-cell destruction. Parenchymal lesions, when present, were always due to other causes (concomitant diseases). The liver cells sometimes showed aspecific changes such as pleomorphism of cells or nuclei or doubling of nuclei as a reaction to the toxic effect of schistosomal metabolites or to egg secretions or the inflammatory process around eggs. These changes were not associated with any impairment of liver function. No profound vascular changes such as are found in S. mansoni hepatosplenic schistosomiasis could be demonstrated; this explains the clinically noted absence of portal hypertension. Pigment formation was extensive in S. intercalatum infection; probably more pigment was present in the liver than in S. mansoni infection. In all patients the Kupffer cells were hypertrophied. The cause of the differences in the liver lesions of S. intercalatum and S. MANSONI INFECTION IN MAN MIGHT BE A LOWER IMMUNE RESPonse to S. intercalatum egg antigens.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Efficacy of diclazuril in the prevention and cure of intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits.

The efficacy of diclazuril against intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis was studied in artificially infected rabbits. Prophylaxis against intestinal coccidiosis was evaluated using a mixed infection of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria magna and Eimeria perforans. Continuous medication in the feed at 1 p.p.m. was 100% effective in reducing oocyst output and faecal scores, and weight gain and feed efficiency were normal. Hepatic coccidiosis induced by Eimeria stiedai was prevented at 0.5 and 1 p.p.m. as shown by negative oocyst counts, normal liver weight, absence of liver lesions, and normal body-weight gain and feed efficiency. Medication at 1 p.p.m. for 7 consecutive days during the prepatent phase of hepatic coccidiosis resulted in large reductions in oocyst counts and lesion scores with a normal liver weight and growth performance. Diclazuril at 1 p.p.m. in the feed prevented both intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits and can be advocated for safe mass medication.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Specific liver autoreactivity in schistosomiasis mansoni.

To investigate the possible involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in the development of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS), 234 patients with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infections were screened for a wide range of non-organ-specific autoantibodies as well as for antibodies reacting with the GOR peptide and with a liver-specific autoantigen, the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R). Thirty-five (15.0%) were seropositive for antinuclear, smooth muscle or gastric parietal cell antibodies at low titres (< or = 1:80), and 15/176 (8.5%) had anti-GOR, all of whom had concomitant hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections. Anti-ASGP-R was found in 64 (27.4%) of the 234 patients at titres similar to those found in 18 untreated auto-immune hepatitis patients studied concurrently. Anti-ASGP-R seropositivity occurred significantly (P < 0.005) more frequently in patients with HSS (62/190, 32.6%) than in those with hepatointestinal schistosomiasis (2/44, 4.5%), but did not correlate with severity of liver disease or with the presence of the non-organ-specific autoantibodies. Anti-ASGP-R was found significantly (P < < 0.0005) less frequently in HSS patients who had had a splenectomy for portal hypertension (5/86, 5.8%) than in those who had not had a splenectomy (57/104, 54.8%). The findings suggest that liver-specific autoreactivity may play a role in the development of HSS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Preventive treatment of rabbit coccidiosis with alpha-difluoromethylornithine.

The effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) administered in drinking water (0.2 and 0.5%) against liver and intestinal coccidioses in experimentally infected rabbits was studied. Zootechnical and clinical parameters were used to assess the efficacy of the compound. In both coccidioses the lower dose did not show any important effect. The higher dosage (0.5%) however, reduced the lesions induced by coccidia to an important extent. The animals infected and treated with 0.5% DFMO showed similar weight gain, food intake and relative liver weight figures to the non-infected controls. Serum transaminase levels in the rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedai and treated with 0.5% DFMO were close to those of the non-infected animals. Infected rabbits treated with this dosage also showed reductions (over 80%) in faecal oocyst output.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[An analysis of the results of clinical trials of praziquantel analogs in intestinal cestode and trematode infections. 2. The treatment of liver trematode infections (opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis) and schistosomiasis].

The authors did not detect any differences in the efficacies and tolerance of praziquantel analogs manufactured by various firms (azinox, Russia; pikitor, China; cesol, cisticide, biltricide, Bayer, Merk, Germany, India). These drugs were found highly effective in opisthorchiasis (87.8%) and schistosomiasis (91.7%) and ineffective in fascioliasis. The efficacy and tolerance of azinox, a drug manufactured in this country, was similar to those of its foreign analogs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Comparative study of Schistosoma mansoni isolated from patients with hepatosplenic and intestinal clinical forms of schistosomiasis.

Six Schistosoma mansoni isolates obtained from the same endemic area were compared experimentally; three were from patients with the hepatosplenic form and three from patients with the intestinal form of schistosomiasis. The following features were analyzed in mice: body weight, liver and spleen weights, mortality, infectivity, number of S. mansoni eggs/female worm, egg distribution in the viscera, and hemogram. Three groups of mice, used as controls, were infected with the LE strain of S. mansoni which is routinely maintained in the laboratory. The group of isolates from patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis did not show important differences in relation to those from nonhepatosplenic patients; in almost all features analyzed the differences among these six isolates were within the variation limits observed with the LE strain of S. mansoni.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

The CT appearance of cystic masses of the liver.

The authors here discuss twelve discrete pathologic entities that they found, in a review of over 500 abdominal CT scans, caused the appearance of a cystic lesion in the liver. The CT characteristics of the various lesions are illustrated, differential points in the patients' histories are noted, and gross and microscopic pathology specimens are correlated with the CT appearances to explain the CT findings. Lesions considered include: simple (bile duct) cyst, adult polycystic kidney disease, Caroli disease, pyogenic abscess, echinococcal cyst, amebic abscess, metastasis, biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, biloma, and extrapancreatic pseudocyst.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMedDate not supplied