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Results for “Life Style”

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PubMed1989

[The effects of inherited susceptibility and life style on essential hypertension].

A case-control study of hypertension of 140 pairs indicated that inherited susceptibility and harmful life style were quite important risk factors in increasing the development of hypertension. The effects could be taken place by their interaction. Changing life style could be taken as one of the significant measures for preventing hypertension among population with inherited susceptibility.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1993

[Life style of medical students and risk factors for ischemic heart disease].

For three years some characteristics of life-style of medical students in the fifth year of The 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, were followed with a view to risk factors of ischemic heart disease (ICHS). At the same time opinion of these students on the validity of these factors were established. Altogether it deals with 623 students of which they are 269 men and 354 women of average age 23.1 years in whom 12 risk factors were followed. The results show that medical students do not lead an exemplary life-style. For example, during the following three years there was actually a significant increase in number of smokers (from 7% to 22%) and corresponding to this the significance assigned to this risk factor has decreased.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Cancer mortality trends in two cohorts of elderly people having different life-styles.

We analyzed cancer mortality trends in 3282 elderly subjects from two general Italian populations with different life-style patterns taking part in the Cardiovascular Study in the Elderly (CASTEL). The aim of the study was to evaluate which predictors were able to influence cancer mortality. Age, gender, tobacco smoking, the presence of respiratory symptoms, increased serum levels of ALT and ALP, and the town of residence were powerful predictors. Subjects living in Chioggia (low income, rural) had significantly greater lung and liver cancer mortality, compared with those living in Castelfranco (industrial). The findings suggest that an incongruous life-style (smoking, alcohol consumption, poor hygienic conditions) may increase cancer mortality despite the favorable environmental conditions typical of rural Mediterranean areas.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed1998

[High blood pressure among bank employees in Rio de Janeiro. Life-style and treatment].

PURPOSE: This study estimates the frequency of treatment of high blood pressure and compares life-styles among hypertensives and non-hypertensives. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a systematic sample of 1183 employees in a government-owned bank in the State of Rio de Janeiro, through a self-administered questionnaire. Direct measurements of arterial pressure, weight and height were also taken in a sub-sample. Those who had been informed more than once as having high blood pressure, by a health professional, were classified as hypertensives. RESULTS: There were no important differences among hypertensives and non-hypertensives with respect to the prevalence of smoking, alcohol and physical activities. Dieting was more frequent among overweight/obese hypertensives than overweight/obese non-hypertensives. Only 44.7% were under treatment. Subjects with high level of education were more likely to be treated as were those who quit smoking, presented overweight/obesity or family history of cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: Access to information and health care was not sufficient to guarantee high blood pressure treatment or a healthy life-style which contributes to hypertension control.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[The effects of short term comprehensive life style modification program on glycemic metabolism, lipid metabolism and body composition in type 2 diabetes mellitus].

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the effects of a short term comprehensive life style modification program on glycemic metabolism, lipid metabolism and body composition in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHOD: A nonequivalent control group with a pre post test was designed. Data collection was done from October 2003 to June, 2004 at a hospital. Glycemic metabolism was measured by a.c., p.c. and HbA(1c), and lipid metabolism was measured by cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Body Composition was measured by body weight, body mass index, waist, measurement waist per hip ratio, body fat, muscle weight and abdominal fat tissue(intra abdominal distance). The Experimental group, which was composed of 29 participants, was educated based on a life style modification protocol at a weekly meeting for 12 weeks and carried out exercise, diet along individual parameters and self monitoring, while 24 participants in the control group received only diet education. RESULT: 1. The experimental group showed a significant lower a.c.(t=2.11, p=.04) and HbA(1c)(t=2.65, p=.01) compared to those of the control group. 2. The experimental group showed a significant lower LDL than the results of the control group(t=2.42, p=.02). 3. The experimental group showed a significant lower weight(t=3.09, p=.00), BMI(t=3.01, p=.00), body fat(t=2.94, p=.01) and abdominal fat tissue(t=3.05, p=.01) than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: The results provided evidence for the effectiveness of a short term comprehensive life style modification program composed of exercise, diet, support, self efficacy elevation and self monitoring in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of healthy life-style in growing-up generation].

Pediatricians survey revealed that first and foremost role in development of healthy life-style in growing-up generation belongs to parents and family on the whole. In this process, medical personnel, educational process in schools and mass media also have particular significance. Various issues of development of healthy life-style in school-children and their impact on parents, teachers, elderly children and mass media are discussed. Conclusion is made that enhancement of preventive activities is needed and it should be put into practice via family physicians.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Environmental, life-style, and physical precursors of clinical Parkinson's disease: recent findings from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study.

BACKGROUND: Increased westernization with Japanese migration to the U. S. in the early 20(th) century is thought to have altered the risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether similar effects include changes in the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not clear. This report describes the relations between environmental, life-style, and physical attributes and the incidence of PD that have been observed in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. METHODS: Beginning in 1965, environmental, life-style, and physical attributes were recorded at selected examinations in a cohort of 8,006 Japanese-American men. Subjects were followed for clinical PD. FINDINGS: During 30 years of follow- up, PD was observed in 137 men. Overall incidence (7.1/10,000 person-years) was generally higher than in Asia and similar to rates observed in Europe and the U. S. Precursors of PD included constipation, adiposity, years worked on a sugar or pineapple plantation, years of exposure to pesticides, and exposure to sugar cane processing. Factors showing an inverse association with PD included coffee intake and cigarette smoking. Among dietary factors, carbohydrates increased the risk of PD while the intake of polyunsaturated fats appeared protective. Total caloric intake, saturated and monounsaturated fats, protein, niacin, riboflavin, beta-carotene, vitamins A, B, and C, dietary cholesterol, cobalamin, alpha-tocopherol, and pantothenic acid showed no clear relation with clinical PD. INTERPRETATION: Findings suggest that several environmental, life-style, and physical attributes appear to be precursors of PD. Whether patterns of precursors can be used to identify individuals at high risk of future PD or can broaden the scope of early interventions or recruitment into neuroprotective trials warrants further study.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Positive psychological and life-style changes after myocardial infarction: a follow-up study after 2-4 years.

An interview study of 84 males recruited from a post-infarction anticoagulant trial revealed a number of positive changes regarding life-style and factors related to quality of life 3-5 months after the index infarction. In the present study we investigated the extent to which such changes persist after 2-4 (additional) years. Seventy-four of 75 survivors responded to a postal questionnaire. The answers concerning the total life situation, as compared with the last month before the myocardial infarction, were as follows (response after 3-5 months in brackets): improved 29% (33%), unchanged/uncertain 47% (47%) and deteriorated 24% (20%). There were still appreciable positive changes at follow-up regarding smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption and stress at work. Similar changes or a slight reduction were observed in previously reported positive scoring of factors related to quality of life. The same applied to the two General Health Questionnaire scorings. We conclude that positive changes in psychosocial and life-style factors as seen shortly after myocardial infarction generally seem to persist after 2-4 years.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Life-style and different fracture prevalence: a cross-sectional comparative population-based study.

In order to explain the higher prevalence of fractures in urban compared with rural areas, 782 residents in the city of Malmö, Sweden and 486 inhabitants from the nearby rural municipality of Sjöbo were invited to participate in a sex- and age-matched cross-sectional study on life-style differences; 73 and 80% respectively responded. Responders answered a questionnaire on medical and social background and were interviewed on past and present physical activity. The men and women of the rural area were found to be significantly more active physically at work and during spare time. Housing was larger in the rural area. For women, these differences are decreasing in the younger age groups. Bone mass was found to be correlated to heavier work load for men. Other life-style variable such as dairy calcium intake, coffee drinking, estrogen medication, and morbidity, could not explain this difference. Higher prevalence of fractures in the city could therefore be explained by physically less active life-style.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

Life-style and subsite of gastric cancer--joint effect of smoking and drinking habits.

To clarify the effects of life-style on gastric cancer by subsite focusing on the proximal part (cardia and fundus) and the distal part (pyloric antrum), a case-control study was conducted at the Aichi Cancer Center in Nagoya, Japan from 1988-1991. This study compared 668 histologically confirmed gastric cancer cases [123 cardia, 218 middle (body), 256 antrum, and 71 unclassified] with 668 controls using a common questionnaire about life-styles as related to smoking, drinking, dietary habits and frequency of food intake. Controls were selected from among outpatients of the same hospital. Controls free of cancer and other specific diseases were matched with cases for sex, age (within 2 years), and time of hospital visit (within 2 months). A Western-style breakfast decreased the risk of antrum cancer, while consumption of greasy food increased the risk of cardia cancer. Fresh vegetables decreased the risk of cancer in both cardia and antrum. Habitual smoking is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer and it is more prominent in cardia cancer, especially in those who are drinkers. Results obtained from this study suggest that risk factors and relative risks of gastric cancer varied by subsite to a considerable degree. Furthermore, the joint effect of smoking and drinking may play an important role in the development of gastric cancer, especially of cardia cancer.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed2000

Understanding life-style and food use: contributions from the social sciences.

The contribution of social sciences to the study of life-style and food use in Britain is illustrated by drawing on recent evidence of purchasing patterns, reports of the organisation of meals, snacks, eating out and images of the origins of food. Work discussed underlines a considerable degree of empirical complexity, demonstrates that the supply side as well as demand should be taken into account, and illustrates the manner in which even supposedly highly voluntaristic spheres of consumption activity may none the less be circumscribed. The article is prefaced by briefly contrasting the approach to 'life-style' adopted by market researchers, public health professionals and social theorists. It concludes with the proposal that in order to understand the complexity surrounding human food use, we may be advised to consider ensuring that the descriptive and conceptual tools being used can capture that complexity.

Feeding Behavior↗

PubMed2002

An epidemiological study on relationship between the hours of sleep and life style factors in Japanese factory workers.

To prevent "life style-related diseases", it is necessary to evaluate not only the factors directly related to sleep but also the relationship between sleep and other life style-related factors (such as smoking, alcohol drinking, food habits, and exercise routines). There have been no extensive studies conducted on these relationships. A survey was conducted on 2,000 employees of a large plant over a 6-year period to provide data that would allow one to analyze correlation between hours of sleep and other life style factors, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary habit, and exercise. It focused on a serial evaluation, with special reference to the correlation between sleep and smoking and drinking habits, exercise, and food habits. In relation to smoking or an alcohol drinking habit, no significant correlation was found between those who did not get enough sleep and those who got adequate sleep. For the dietary habits, the group with insufficient hours of sleep was related to a less than satisfactory frequency of meal taking, irregularity of eating, snacking habits, excessive seasoning of food, and consumption of insufficient quantities of vegetables. Conversely, it was recognized that those who have satisfactory food habits are more likely to enjoy an appropriate amount of sleep. Those who fail to get sufficient sleep engage in food habits that are more likely to cause life style-related diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Medical and life-style risk factors affecting fetal mortality, 1989-90.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents fetal mortality data by medical and life-style risk factors of the mother and the fetus. METHODS: Deaths and fetal mortality rates are presented in this descriptive report. Data sources used are vital statistics data for fetal deaths and live births. RESULTS: The data that became available with the revision of the U.S. Standard Report of Fetal Death in 1989 expanded the medical and health data available on mothers and fetuses. Reporting of medical conditions is probably incomplete for fetal deaths as well as for live births. Therefore, caution should be exercised in using this data. Reported occurrences of medical and life-style risk factors of mother and fetus for fetal deaths and live births and fetal mortality rates are presented. Maternal medical conditions most often associated with having a fetal death were problems with amniotic fluid levels and blood disorders. Fetal mortality was 35 percent greater when tobacco was used during pregnancy and 77 percent higher when alcohol was consumed during pregnancy. The complication of labor most often associated with fetal mortality was abruptio placenta. Although a very small proportion of all deliveries have specific congenital anomalies reported, fetal mortality was close to 50 percent for anencephalus, about 25 percent for renal agenesis, and slightly more than 20 percent for hydrocephalus.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of transition from traditional to urban life-style on the insulin secretory response in Australian Aborigines.

Recent epidemiologic studies have revealed a high prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes in certain populations that have undergone comparatively rapid urbanization. There is evidence suggesting that Australian Aborigines may respond to urbanization in this way. Thirteen full-blood Aborigines from the Mowanjum Community, Derby, Western Australia, cooperated in the present study. They spent 3 mo living in their traditional hunter-gatherer life-style, after which their insulin response to glucose was measured in a starch tolerance test. The findings were compared in follow-up studies conducted 3 mo after returning to their urban environment. Similar studies were conducted in Caucasians of comparable age and weight. Fasting glucose concentrations were lower in Aborigines than in Caucasians and were unaffected by life-style changes. Although basal insulin levels were similar in the three groups, there were striking intergroup differences in the insulin responses to glucose. The areas under the insulin curves in the first hour after starch ingestion were: urban Aborigines 4478 +/- 465 microU/ml-1/min, traditional Aborigines 2959 +/- 301 microU/ml-1/min, and Caucasians 2097 +/- 224 microU/ml-1/min. This appeared to reflect differences in the early rates of change of glucose concentrations. The data suggest that these Aborigines have an abnormally high insulin response to glucose, which is ameliorated, but not normalized, by reverting to their traditional life-style.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1990

[A socio-medical study of adult diseases related to life style--comparison of foreigners living in Japan and Japanese].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between life style factors and adult diseases among three ethnic groups, Chinese living in Japan, Koreans living in Japan and Japanese. The mortalities of major cancers and other adult diseases of Chinese and Koreans in Japan were compared with those of Japanese by calculating Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) of the two groups using death rates in the Japanese population as the standard. Life style data on smoking, drinking and dietary habits of the three groups were collected by self-administered questionnaire surveys, and age-adjusted proportions were calculated with the truncated world population as the standard. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mortality rates for liver cancer, lung cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertensive disease, cerebrovascular disease and liver cirrhosis for Koreans of both sexes in Japan were significantly higher than those for Japanese, but the mortality rates of stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer for Korean females were lower than those for Japanese females. 2. The mortality rates for heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis, rectum cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer (females), breast cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (females) for Chinese in Japan were higher than those for Japanese, but the rates for stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer (both sexes), uterus cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (males) were lower than those for Japanese. 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Effects of life-style on body mass index change.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of age and life-style factors on body mass index (BMI) in a longitudinal, community-based sample. A total of 568 men and 668 women (20-60 years of age) were randomly chosen from four Northern California communities and followed for up to 7 years. Age, sex, marital status, smoking status, hours of television watched, frequency of consumption of several food items, and physical activity were used to predict rate of change of body mass index (BMI-slope). BMI increased the most for both sexes through at least age 54. The BMI-slope was higher for women compared with men, and for smokers who stopped compared with those who never smoked or continued to smoke during the study. The BMI-slopes were lower for individuals who increased activity. Other life-style variables had weak or inconsistent effects on the BMI-slope. We conclude that the BMI-slope increases over age for both sexes and that increased physical activity may reduce the BMI-slope.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Genetic and life-style determinants of peptic ulcer. A study of 3387 men aged 54 to 74 years: The Copenhagen Male Study.

BACKGROUND: In the Copenhagen Male Study men with the Lewis blood group phenotype Le(a+b-), non-secretors of ABH antigen, and men with the O or the A phenotype in the ABO blood group have been found to have a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of peptic ulcer than others. We investigated the importance of the association of these genetic markers, life-style factors, and social class with lifetime risk of peptic ulcer, testing specifically the hypothesis that the strength of the association of risk factors with peptic ulcer depends on genetic susceptibility. METHODS: Three thousand three hundred and forty-six white men 55-74 years old were included for study. From a questionnaire validated during an interview information was obtained about life-style factors and peptic ulcer history (gastric or duodenal). Potential non-genetic risk factors examined were smoking history, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, consumption of tea and coffee, and use of sugar in tea or coffee. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-four men (11.5%) had a history of peptic ulcer; 120 (3.6%) had had an operation due to peptic ulcer. Non-genetic peptic ulcer risk factors identified were ever having been a smoker, use of sugar in tea or coffee, abstention from tea consumption, and low social class. On the basis of these and the genetic factors, it was possible to identify a low-risk group (n = 142) with a lifetime prevalence of 4.2%, several intermediate-risk groups, and a high-risk group (n = 55) with a prevalence of 29%; the odds ratio with 95% confidence limits (OR) was 9.3 (3.4-25.3). Corresponding values with regard to operation were 1.4% and 20.0%; OR = 17.5 (3.7-82.0). Several significant interactions were found; for example, the use of sugar was associated with peptic ulcer risk only when interacting with genetic risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the role of Helicobacter pylori, it is interesting that the factors identified in this study were able to identify groups with extremely different lifetime risks. This finding and also the finding of strong interactions between genetic and life-style factors and between genetic factors and social class for the risk of peptic ulcer may have both public-health and clinical implications.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Sociomedical and life-style risk factors of senile dementia, determined in a nested case-control study].

To explore the sociomedical and life-style risk factors associated with the development of senile dementia, we conducted a nested case-control study with the following subjects: cases were those who underwent health examination for the aged in 1979-1980 in a town in Aichi Prefecture and nineteen cases identified as having senile dementia 13-14 years later. Two controls per case were randomly selected from those who underwent the same health examination and were proven not to have dementia up to 1993, with thirty-eight controls matched to each case for sex, age at first examination (+/- 2 years), and residential area. Routine odds ratio analysis demonstrated the following relationships between onset of senile dementia and sociomedical and life-style factors of 13-14 years ago. (A) factors significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia were (1) difficulty in using fingers (odds ratio--12.1; 95% confidence interval--1.54-94.7), (2) alcoholic beverage drinking habits (6.00; 1.07-33.5), (3) use of false teeth (3.50; 1.10-61.6), (4) less frequent chance to converse (3.85; 1.15-12.5), (5) much spare time (3.70; 1.43-25.0), (6) decrease of number of friends (2.77; 1.12-11.1), and (7) inability to calculate subtractions such as 29-17 (3.33-33.3). On the contrary, (B) habitual physical activities significantly reduced the risk of developing senile dementia (0.27; 0.05-0.71). (C) cigarette smokers and regular users of sleeping pills were not at greater risk of subsequent senile dementia, to which such personal characteristics as shyness and nervousness were not significantly linked.

Aged↗