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PubMed2003

Molecular profile of the unique species of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese seahorse (Hippocampus kuda Bleeker).

A cDNA library of male Chinese seahorse (Hippocampus kuda Bleeker) was constructed to investigate the molecular profile of seahorse as one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicine materials, and to reveal immunological and physiological mechanisms of seahorse as one of the most primitive vertebrates at molecular level. A total of 3372 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) consisting of 1911 unique genes (345 clusters and 1566 singletons) were examined in the present study. Identification of the genes related to immune system, paternal brooding and physiological regulation provides not only valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of immune system in teleost fish but also plausible explanations for pharmacological activities of Chinese seahorse. Furthermore, the occurrence of high prevalent C-type lectins suggested that a lectin-complement pathway might exert a more dominant function in the innate immune system of teleost than mammal. Carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) without a collagen-like region in the lectins of seahorse was likely an ancient characteristic of lectins similar to invertebrates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Presence of aromatase inhibitors in cycads.

Cycads, the most primitive of the living gymnosperms, have been used and continue to be used for food and medicinal purposes by many cultures, although toxins must be removed before ingestion. In our quest to identify tropical plants that contain inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450 aromatase and thus may be efficacious in treating estrogen-dependent tumors, we have screened extracts from 5 species of cycad folia encompassing 3 genera: Cycas cairnsiana F. Muell., Cycas revoluta Thunb., Cycas rumphii Miq., Dioon spinulosum Dyer and Encephalartos ferox Bertol. All extracts were found to contain inhibitors of the human enzyme.

Aromatase Inhibitors↗
PubMed2003

[Specific and non-specific electromagnetic irradiation effects on biological objects].

There are the pecularities of the biophysical influence of the ultraviolet, light and infra-red irradiation in connection with their frequent and energetic characteristics. The specific resonant and non-specific heating effects are educed (distinguished). [table: see text] It is shown that the radial area of electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to the non-ionising. Sun irradiation, contains the evolutionary fixed molecular mechanisms of the energy acception activizing biochemical and biophysical metabolic reactions. The living beings, deprived of heliofugal influences (cave and deep-watered specimen objects) reached only the primitive development stages. The dosed wage of the non-ionising radiation generators in the clinic medicine promotes the restoration of the self sanogenic mechanisms and deficit restoration of the natural influences caused by the contemporary human being's mode of life changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Giving, receiving, repaying. Gamete donors and donor policies in reproductive medicine.

Current practices of donor recruitment for medical fertilization procedures are analyzed in the light of Marcel Mauss' essay on the gift in primitive societies. In this perspective, donor policies seem primarily designed to spare infertile recipients the obligation to recognize the donor's contribution to these procedures, thus avoiding the kinship issues that they raise. Questions of meaning concerning donation, social recognition of the donor's role, and clarification of the relational issues underlying fertilization procedures are nevertheless essential elements in establishing their social legitimacy.

Attitude↗
PubMed1975

Antarctic medicine, 1775-1975. I.

An historical review is made of Antarctic medical practice, which is unique because of the absence of an indigenous population. This review begins with the primitive shipboard practice of doctors accompanying Captain James Cook around 1775 and concludes with the modern era of permanent stations and vast scientific endeavour. The heroic era of Scott, Shackleton, Amundsen and Mawson and the highly mechanized transition period are contrasted with the present day. Medical practice on modern expeditions has reached a high standard, but there is still much to be learned concerning human adaptation. Comment is made on the possible utilization of Antarctica's natural resources bringing increases in polar populations and facilitating the expansion of medical research in the future era of polar medicine.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Point-based probabilistic surfaces to show surface uncertainty.

Efficient and informative visualization of surfaces with uncertainties is an important topic with many applications in science and engineering. In these applications, the correct course of action may depend not only on the location of a boundary, but on the precision with which that location is known. Examples include environmental pollution borderline detection, oil basin edge characterization, or discrimination between cancerous and healthy tissue in medicine. This paper presents a method for producing visualizations of surfaces with uncertainties using points as display primitives. Our approach is to render the surface as a collection of points and to displace each point from its original location along the surface normal by an amount proportional to the uncertainty at that point. This approaoh can be used in combination with other techniques such as pseudocoloring to produce efficient and revealing visualizations. The basic approach is sufficiently flexible to allow natural extensions; we show incorporation of expressive modulation of opacity, change of the stroke primitive, and addition of an underlying polygonal model. The method is used to visualize real and simulated tumor formations with uncertainty of tumor boundaries. The point-based technique is compared to pseudocoloring for a position estimation task in a preliminary user study.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Development of occupational health in Japan.

This paper was presented as a Lucas Lecture 1990 before the Faculty of Occupational Medicine, Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom. It describes the development of occupational health in Japan including primitive industrialization (mining, smelting and others) back as far as the 8th century. The modern industrialization of Japan began slightly over one hundred years ago, i.e. from the beginning to the middle of the Meiji era. Before World War II, Japanese workers in industry suffered terrible working conditions, represented by a booklet published in 1925 entitled "The Tragic History of Female Workers" by Wakizo Hosoi. At that time a pioneer named Dr. Gito Teruoka was hard at work. He literally became the "Father of Occupational Health" in Japan. He established the Kurashiki Institute of Science of Labour in 1921 in Kurashiki City located in western Honshu, which is the main island of Japan. At the beginning of the Showa era, from 1930 to 1950, various types of occupational diseases were reported and the situation was overviewed by Dr. Juko Kubota. The rapid industrialization immediately after World War II during which workers were exposed to chromium, benzidine, beta 2-naphthylamine, arsenic, vinyl chloride monomer, asbestos, bischloromethyl ether and other chemicals gave rise to occupational cancer. The Ministry of Labour (MOL) was established in 1947 and the Labour Standard Law enacted. As a result, the incidence of tuberculosis decreased rapidly and occupational health emphasized the early detection of tuberculosis. After tuberculosis was nearly eradicated, more complicated working conditions developed in various industries. MOL enacted the Industrial Safety and Health Law in 1972 and occupational health practices improved greatly. Furthermore, in 1988 MOL amended the Law and announced guidelines on maintenance and promotion of health for the work population. However, there is a great disparity in occupational health services between large establishments and small factories. The University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, (UOEH) was established in 1978 to promote occupational health sciences as well as to train and foster occupational health personnel to meet the short supply of occupational health physicians. However, there is no authority that establishes standards for occupational health physicians and nurses. The urgent necessity of establishing an authorized institution for the qualification of occupational health personnel is emphasized.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1984

The history of the forensic applications in radiology.

The history of progress in any field of science is related directly to technical advances which have occurred during that period. The microscope contributed immensely to the advancement of forensic investigations in the late 19th century, with its use to study trace evidence including blood, semen, soil, paint, and biological material. The application of the discovery of x-radiation by Dr. Röentgen of Würzburg, Germany, in 1895 provided an important new tool for medical practitioners throughout the world. Its application was also realized as a potential weapon by medicolegal investigators. Discovery of the location of foreign objects, including bullets, thus became a clinical as well as a forensic technique in support of the investigation of living and deceased persons. The early application of x-ray methodology in England in 1896 by Prof. Arthur Schuster of Owens College, Manchester, in a case of a gunshot wound of a woman, is described as well as some aspects of the primitive technique which were used.

England↗