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Results for “MITE INFESTATIONS”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Pruritus and behavior of pigs infested by itch mites, Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae).

Effects of infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer) on pruritus and other behaviors of pigs for 9-13 wks after weaning were evaluated. Regardless of the dose of mites inoculated, pigs fed ad lib. spent approximately 60% of their time at rest. Within their average day, pigs spent more time eating in morning and evening, were more active and pruritic at midday, and rested more and spent the least time drinking water at night. Mite infestations increased total activity and time spent scratching and rubbing. Infested pigs sprayed with water rubbed and scratched 4-10 times more frequently than those left undisturbed or disturbed by other means. Pigs receiving inoculating doses of 1,000 mites became more pruritic than pigs receiving 100 mites, and both groups developed more pruritus than non-infested control pigs.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Acquired immune response of white leghorn hens to populations of northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago).

Three levels (high, low and control) of northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), were maintained on White Leghorn hens for 24 weeks. The hens were then treated with carbaryl to eradicate the mites, were induced to molt, and were reinfested with mites 9 weeks later. Subsequent levels of mites on the three groups showed that the degree of acquired immunity was related to the initial level of mite infestation.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of deformed wing virus infection in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.).

Deformed wing virus (DWV) can cause wing deformity and premature death in adult honeybees, although like many other bee viruses, DWV generally persists as a latent infection with no apparent symptoms. Using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and Southern hybridization, we detected DWV in all life stages of honeybees, including adults with and without deformed wings. We also found DWV in the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, suggesting that this mite may be involved in the transmission of DWV. However, the detection of the virus in life stages not normally associated with mite parasitism (i.e., eggs and larvae) suggests that there are other modes of transmission. The levels of DWV in different life stages of bees were investigated by using TaqMan real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The amounts of virus varied significantly in these different stages, and the highest levels occurred in pupae and in adult worker bees with deformed wings. The variability in virus titer may reflect the different abilities of bees to resist DWV infection and replication. The epidemiology of DWV is discussed, and factors such as mite infestation, malnutrition, and climate are also considered.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Survey on the importance of mange in the aetiology of skin lesions in goats in Peninsular Malaysia.

A survey on mange mite infestations in the aetiology of skin lesions in goats in Peninsular Malaysia is described. Skin lesions were observed in 25 (93%) of the 27 goat farms investigated. Mange mites were found in 22 (88%) of these goat herds. Chorioptes texanus was found in 20.7%, Psoroptes cuniculi in 19.3%, Sarcoptes scabiei in 18.6% and Demodex canis var. caprae in 0.4% of the samples, taken from the skin lesions. Thirteen cases of generalised manage were diagnosed, from which 9 were caused by S. scabiei, 2 by P. cuniculi and one by C. texanus. All other cases had more or less localised lesions. No significant differences could be found in incidence and distribution of skin lesions between age classes.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Fur mites induce dermatitis associated with IgE hyperproduction in an inbred strain of mice, NC/Kuj.

An inbred strain of mice, NC, has been introduced as an animal model for atopic dermatitis because the mice develop dermatitis associated with severe scratch preceded by elevated serum IgE level when kept in conventional conditions. Although hypersensitivity to some environmental factors is suggested to cause dermatitis, the precise factor remains unclear. As the mice maintained under conventional conditions were often infected with fur mites, we investigated whether an infection of fur mites induces skin lesions in NC. Infection with the fur mites induced NC to develop skin lesions associated with highly elevated serum IgE, whereas no obvious skin lesions were observed in BALB/c and C57BL/6, and the elevation of serum IgE level was minimal in these two strains of mice. The role of the fur mites in the manifestation of skin lesions and IgE hyperproduction was confirmed by eliminating the fur mites by treatment with ivermectin. In addition, the existence of specific IgE antibody to Myocoptes musculinus antigen in the sera of mite-infested NC was detected by the antigen-induced histamine release from bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells after sensitization with the serum. These results suggest that continuous exposure to fur mite antigen is a potential factor in the development of dermatitis in NC. We provide a new model system of antigen-induced dermatitis for investigating the role of IgE in eliciting dermatitis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[The control of storage mites in the mycological laboratory].

Mycological cultures in the laboratory are threatened by storage mites who feed on fungi and cause contamination by transferring bacteria and fungi from culture to culture. To eliminate mites from fungal cultures without damage to the fungi themselves several chemical and physical procedures were tested. The following substances were added to Sabouraud glucose (2%) agar at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0%: gamma benzene hexachloride (lindane), N-ethyl-o-crotonyltoluide, pyrethrins, dieldrin N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, benzyl benzoate, and--as popular household remedies--Eau de Cologne, neutral soap and garlic. The media were inoculated with 4 dermatophytes (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum and E. floccosum). Two to three weeks later the fully grown cultures were contaminated with mites and their eggs. In other test series, mite infested cultures were exposed to heat (40 degrees C and 60 degrees C) or cold from -12 degrees C to -28 degrees C over different periods of time. Finally, the protective value of sealing culture dishes with adhesive tape was investigated. The most useful method to control mite infestation in fungal cultures seemed to be exposure to heat over a short time.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health survey of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) from Wisconsin.

We conducted a health survey of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) without evidence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in order to establish baseline population health measures and estimate prevalence of potential pathogens likely to influence host susceptibility to mycoplasmosis. Seasonal changes in several physiologic parameters were observed. Weights were greater in winter compared with the breeding season (P < 0.01), fat scores were greater in winter than during fall migration (P < 0.01) or the breeding season (P < 0.01), and packed cell volume and total plasma protein measures during fall migration (P < 0.05) and winter (P < 0.01) were greater than during the breeding season. Culture of voided fecal material yielded 13 bacterial isolates likely representative of normal gastrointestinal flora. Avian pox lesions and blood and gastrointestinal parasite infections were at low prevalence (< or = 4%) compared with Proctophyllodes spp. feather mite infestations (32%) in the population. All parasites occurred at generally low levels in individual hosts. A logistic regression analysis of our data suggests that greater fat scores, tarsal length, and being male are potential risk factors for mite infestation in house finches.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Demodex abscesses: clinical and therapeutic challenges.

A 53-year-old man had a 6-week history of confluent erythematous papules, pustules, and abscesses of the face initially limited to the right nasolabial fold. Histologic investigation revealed a perifollicular infiltrate with lymphocytes, histiocytes, and many Demodex folliculorum mites. A large number of mites were seen in skin scrapings. The skin manifestations progressed and persisted for the following 5 years and were unresponsive to numerous antiparasitic treatments, including repeated oral administration of ivermectin and external application of lindane, permethrin, and benzoyl benzoate. Therapy with oral administration of 250 mg metronidazole 3 times a day for 2 weeks resulted in rapid and lasting recovery. Demodex folliculitis remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Antiparasitic therapies used against lice or scabies may fail in control of D folliculorum mites. In the presence of clinical and microscopic findings typical of Demodex folliculitis or abscesses, treatment failure with acaricidal agents does not exclude the diagnosis. Oral metronidazole seems to work in the management of this chronic mite infestation.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2002

The proteinases of Psoroptes ovis, the sheep scab mite--their diversity and substrate specificity.

The sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, causes severe dermatitis in infected sheep with severe welfare and production implications. The dermatitis has the characteristics of an immediate hypersensitivity type reaction which, by analogy to other mite species, including the house dust mites (Dermatophagoides spp.), is likely to be invoked by a variety of allergens including mite-derived proteinases. Here, the proteinases in P. ovis extracts were characterised using substrate gel analysis, inhibitor sensitivity and their ability to degrade a variety of potential natural protein substrates. These analyses showed that mites contain several proteinases which could be differentiated on the basis of molecular size and inhibitor sensitivity with cysteine, metalloproteinases and aspartyl proteinases predominating. These proteinases degraded collagen and fibronectin, possibly indicative of a role in lesion initiation, they degraded several blood proteins, a property which may aid mite feeding and they degraded immunoglobulin G, possibly aiding immuno-evasion. Because proteinases, particularly the cysteine class, are demonstrably allergenic in other mite infestations, these proteinases clearly merit further immunological and biochemical definition.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Antigens of the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis.

Sheep scab caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis (Hering) is a highly contagious disease of sheep. As a first step in developing a mite-derived vaccine for controlling the disease, the soluble antigens in mite extracts which induce an immune response in sheep were identified by electrophoretic and immunoblotting techniques. At least 22 proteins were present in P. ovis extracts as revealed by Coomassie Blue staining. Mite-infested sheep serum recognised six antigenic bands in the extracts with approximate relative molecular weights ranging from 12 to 183 kDa. A deeply staining band at 31.2 kDa and another at 41.8 kDa are of particular diagnostic value. Immunoblotting studies showed that there was no cross reactivity between P. ovis and two other ectoparasites of sheep in the UK, the sheep louse Bovicola ovis (Schrank) and the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus L.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contagious demodicosis in three cats residing in a common household.

Three cats residing in a common household were diagnosed with dermatitis involving infestation by the unnamed species of feline demodectic mite. Food allergy subsequently was diagnosed as the primary cause of the dermatitis in two of the cats which were litter mates. In the unrelated third cat, the mite infestation was the primary cause of the dermatitis and appeared to have been contracted through contact with the other cats.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Is infestation the result of adaptive choice behaviour by the parasite? A study of mites and midges.

We studied the possibility that a parasite, a hydracharinid mite, chooses its host, a chironomid midge. Mites, Unionicola ypsilophora, were placed into containers with either one or two Chironomus plumosus pupae and we counted the number of mites on the midges after the latter had emerged. Fewer mites were rejected by hosts when they had a choice of host, suggesting that they actively choose which individual to parasitize. In several midge species collected in the wild, fluctuating asymmetry in wing length was a good predictor of mite infestation. We suggest that mites use some correlate of fluctuating asymmetry to make their choice of host. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1982

Control of psoroptic scabies on calves with ivermectin.

Eleven Hereford or Angus-cross calves slightly to severely infested with common scabies mites (Psoroptes ovis) were treated with 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a (ivermectin) at dosages given subcutaneously (SC)--300 micrograms/kg; orally--400 micrograms/kg; or IM--50, 100, or 200 micrograms/kg. At 14 days after treatment, live mites were not found on any of the calves treated SC or IM, but live mites were found on all of the orally treated calves at 14 days and on 1 of them at 28 days after treatment. Four nontreated calves retained their mite infestations during the course of the IM test. Biting lice (Bovicola bovis) were eliminated from 1 calf treated SC, but not from calves treated IM. Ear ticks (Otobius megnini) were not noticeably affected.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Status of Dorper sheep as hosts of ectoparasites.

Seventeen ixodid tick species or subspecies have been collected from Dorper sheep in South Africa. The diseases transmitted or the conditions caused by these ticks in sheep are discussed. Although Dorper sheep may be infested with the scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, this does not seem to cause production losses. These sheep may, however, serve as a source of mite infestation for woolled sheep. The majority of Dorper sheep are infested with the larvae of the nasal bot fly, Oestrus ovis, they may also be subject to myiasis caused by the larvae of two calliphorid flies. In certain regions of the country Dorper sheep are prone to serious fly worry by female Simulium chutteri. Although Dorper sheep may be infested by various louse species these do not seem to reach large numbers or cause production losses.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1965