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PubMed1997

Internal migration patterns for U.S. foreign-born, 1985-1990.

"Using 1990 census data, this paper calculates the flow [of the foreign-born population in the United States] between states and from abroad; also, a multinomial logistic regression model of destination choice is estimated for resettlers and for migrants from abroad. There are three major findings. Firstly, Florida and California are the largest recipients of foreign-born resettlers; New York is the biggest loser of secondary migrants. Secondly, the presence of large communities of Mexicans in California and Cubans in Florida are very attractive to both resettlers and migrants from abroad. Thirdly, immigrants that are most in need of ethnic support networks (i.e. new arrivals or immigrants with low human capital resources) are most likely to choose one of the traditional immigration states as a destination."

Americas↗
PubMed1984

Studies on the lymphocytes of sheep. IV. Migration patterns of lung-associated lymphocytes efferent from the caudal mediastinal lymph node.

Small lymphocytes from the efferent lymph of the caudal mediastinal lymph node (CMLN), the regional node of the lower respiratory tract, were labelled in vitro either with 51Cr, or with the fluorochrome rhodamine isothiocyanate. The labelled lymphocytes were washed and returned to the sheep by intravenous (i.v.) injection; their later appearance in the lymph from the CMLN was monitored, as was their appearance in lymph from either a peripheral somatic lymph node (PSLN) or the intestinal lymph duct. It was found that the labelled lymphocytes entered the lymph from the CMLN and PSLNs with equal facility but were significantly less able to enter the intestinal lymph. Similarly, the large lymphocytes (immunoblasts) which were released into the lymph after antigenic stimulation of the CMLN, and which were labelled in vitro with [125I]Udr, showed little tendency to enter the gut after i.v. injection and became distributed throughout the body in the same way as immunoblasts efferent from the PSLN, i.e. they went principally to the lungs, and spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Testing migration patterns and estimating founding population size in Polynesia by using human mtDNA sequences.

The hypervariable 1 region of human mtDNA shows markedly reduced variability in Polynesians, and this variability decreases from western to eastern Polynesia. Fifty-four sequences from New Zealand Maori show that the mitochondrial variability with just four haplotypes is the lowest of any sizeable human group studied and that the frequency of haplotypes is markedly skewed. The Maori sequences, combined with 268 published sequences from the Pacific, are consistent with a series of founder effects from small populations settling new island groups. The distributions of haplotypes were used to estimate the number of females in founding population of New Zealand Maori. The three-step simulation used a randomly selected founding population from eastern Polynesia, an expansionary phase in New Zealand, and finally the random selection of 54 haplotypes. The results are consistent with a founding population that includes approximately 70 women (between 50 and 100), and sensitivity analysis shows that this conclusion is robust to small changes in haplotype frequencies. This size is too large for models postulating a very small founding population of "castaways," but it is consistent with a general understanding of Maori oral history as well as the results of recent canoe voyages recreating early trans-oceanic voyages.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Migration patterns of children with leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in three areas of northern England.

As part of a more comprehensive study, complete residential histories were collected from 109 cases of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who were diagnosed while resident in Gateshead, West Cumbria or North Humberside (1973-1987), and who were born in the same areas. Corresponding data were obtained from the same number of controls matched by date of birth, sex and area of residence at diagnosis and birth. Altogether, 1332 years of residential history were available for analysis and of these 131 (9.8 per cent) included a change of home. Moving house was much more frequent for both cases and controls in the first two years of life (69 out of 432 child-years, i.e. 16 per cent). The moves were mostly over short distances, with only 23 per cent being 5 km or more and only 9 per cent into another administrative district. Twenty-eight per cent of the children had moved house at least once by their second birthday and 48 per cent by the age of five years. Few case-control differences were apparent and none achieved statistical significance. There was a suggestion of more mobility for case children in the first few years of life, especially for cases diagnosed shortly after the removal. When the residence of mothers in the year preceding the childrens' birth was examined, there were relatively few removals in this period (26, i.e. 24 per cent, altogether, of which 14 were over 5 km and nine from another administrative district). Of these, 18 case mothers had moved (11 over 5 km) compared with eight control mothers (three over 5 km).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗