PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Nerve Compression Syndromes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Otoneurologic symptoms associated with Arnold-Chiari syndrome type I].

This study presents two cases of Arnold-Chiari malformation type I. In a 26-year old man, right side deafness and left side sensorineural hearing loss at high frequencies occurred. Another patient, a 48-year old man also complained of sensorineural hearing loss and dizziness, that appeared a year and half ago. In addition, this patient had episodes of vertigo with nausea and vomit that occurred about one year before main symptoms. In both patients ENT examinations were performed as well as an audiological diagnostic battery including tonal- and impedance-audiometry, auditory brainstem responses, distortion product otoacoustic emissions and electroencephalography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed pathological changes in the cerebello-pontine angle region that allowed diagnosing Arnold-Chiari malformation in both cases. Additionally, angio-MRI performed in patient with right side deafness revealed cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome on the same side. Presumably, both anomalies occurring simultaneously in this patient might be responsible for deafness in the right ear, instead of mild or moderate hearing loss and tinnitus usually expected according to the literature. The paper presented two cases of Arnold-Chiari malformation with co-existing cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome in one case. The importance of both audiological diagnostic battery and MRI in diagnostic procedures of this malformation has been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Forearm pain secondary to compression syndrome of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

This report describes a syndrome of compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (LCNF), the distal termination of the musculocutaneous nerve. Three patients presented with pain or numbness along the radial aspect of the distal forearm. There was a history of vigorous upper extremity exercise with elbow extension and arm pronation or resisted elbow flexion. Signs included: decreased sensation to pin and light touch in the distal forearm over the cutaneous distribution of the nerve; tenderness to palpation over the nerve where it pierces the deep fascia of the arm lateral to the bicipital tendon and proximal to the elbow crease; and decreased elbow extension with arm fully pronated. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed either a prolonged distal latency or decrease in amplitude of the evoked response of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm in the symptomatic arm. Patients responded to treatment directed to the site of the lesion where the nerve pierces the deep fascia of the arm. Treatment methods included: restriction of upper extremity activity, use of a posterior splint to restrict elbow extension, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), ultrasound, and surgical decompression. This syndrome may be readily differentiated from other causes of pain along the distal radial aspect of the forearm, making accurate diagnosis and treatment possible.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Neuropathic arthropathy of the elbow. A report of five cases.

BACKGROUND: Neuropathic arthropathy of the elbow is rare and characterized by a painless but unstable articulation. The functional capacity of patients with this condition has not been reviewed in detail. METHODS: Five male patients, with an average age of fifty-one years, were treated for neuropathic arthropathy of the elbow. The underlying conditions associated with the arthropathy included syringomyelia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal failure, and two cases of polyneuropathy of unknown cause. Four patients sought medical attention after a specific traumatic event. Peripheral sensory and motor dysfunction was present in each patient. Radiographs of the elbow revealed dislocation, fracture fragmentation, and heterotopic ossification. Our management of the neuropathic elbows centered on maintenance of a functional arc of motion through physical therapy aimed at regaining muscle strength and the use of orthoses for support. Operative treatment was performed for an associated ulnar or radial nerve compression syndrome in three patients, and an open reduction and internal fixation of an unstable proximal ulnar nonunion associated with loose implants was performed in one. RESULTS: The patients were followed for an average of nineteen months, with a range of twelve to thirty-six months. All patients had a pain-free elbow with a functional range of motion at the most recent follow-up examination, and none wished to have further treatment. The operatively treated ulnar nonunion united successfully. All three patients treated surgically for an associated nerve compression syndrome had recovery of nerve function. CONCLUSION: In the face of instability and gross distortion of the joint, the patients in this series demonstrated remarkably good function.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Metaphrase: an aid to the clinical conceptualization and formalization of patient problems in healthcare enterprises.

Patient descriptors, or "problems," such as "brain metastases of melanoma" are an effective way for caregivers to describe patients. But most problems, e.g., "cubital tunnel syndrome" or "ulnar nerve compression," found in problem lists in an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) are not comparable computationally--in general, a computer cannot determine whether they describe the same or a related problem, or whether the user would have preferred "ulnar nerve compression syndrome." Metaphrase is a scalable, middleware component designed to be accessed from problem-manager applications in EMR systems. In response to caregivers' informal descriptors it suggests potentially equivalent, authoritative, and more formally comparable descriptors. Metaphrase contains a clinical subset of the 1997 UMLS Metathesaurus and some 10,000 "problems" from the Mayo Clinic and Harvard Beth Israel Hospital. Word and term completion, spelling correction, and semantic navigation, all combine to ease the burden of problem conceptualization, entry and formalization.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

VIIIth nerve vascular compression syndrome: vestibular paroxysmia.

Neurovascular cross-compression of the root entry zone of the Vth, VIIth and IXth cranial nerves causes symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. It is reasonable to search for a group of patients presenting with typical paroxysmal vestibular and/or cochlear symptoms, analogously caused by neurovascular compression of the VIIIth cranial nerve. Since no pathognomonic sign or test has yet been established, the diagnosis of 'vestibular paroxysmia' secondary to neurovascular cross-compression is based on four characteristic features: (1) short attacks of rotational to-and-fro vertigo lasting seconds to minutes; (2) attacks frequently dependent on particular head positions and modification of the duration of the attack by changing head position ('disabling positional vertigo'); (3) hyperacusis or tinnitus permanently or during the attack; and (4) measurable auditory or vestibular deficits by neurophysiological methods. Carbamazepine is a most effective drug. In medically intractable cases, retromastoid craniotomy and microvascular decompression is a recommended procedure once the side of disorder has been identified.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1990

Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome associated with rheumatoid synovial cysts of the elbow joint.

Three rheumatoid arthritis patients developed synovial cysts of the elbow joint and an acute compression neuropathy of the posterior interosseous nerve. All patients had weakness of the finger extensors; in one the extensor tendons were explored before the exact diagnosis was made. Intraarticular steroid injections were effective in one patient. In the other two patients surgical decompression of the radial nerve and elbow synovectomy with radial head resection were curative. Although relatively rare, the diagnosis of an antecubital cyst must be considered when complications such as a nerve compression syndrome are present.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Compression syndromes of the ulnar nerve and median nerve in the area of the hand].

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs very frequently and results from synovial tissue proliferation caused by a variety of events. Morbidity can be determined by detailed neurological examination and treatment depends on the extent of the distal latency. During the operation it is important to pay close attention to the various nerves and to proceed as carefully as the individual situation requires. The success rate also depends on adequate aftercare and follow-up. In the case of Guyon syndrome, operation is always indicated, with the goal being decompression and to search for the cause of the compression. The results are also excellent.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

[Incomplete anterior interosseous nerve syndrome in a guitar player].

A rare case of median nerve compression syndrome is reported in a guitar player who had changed the posture and position of his instrument so that the edge of the guitar exerted sharp pressure on the median nerve close to the branching of the interosseous anterior nerve. There was partial paralysis of the interosseous anterior nerve with complete failure of the deep flexor of the index finger, while the flexor pollicis longus was intact. There was also paresthesia of the index finger. Treatment was conservative with a sleeve including a gel cushion which protected the forearm against the edge of the instrument. Function recurred completely within six weeks without ever interrupting instrument practice.

Fingers↗
PubMed1996

Dynamics and pathophysiology of nerve compression in the upper extremity.

Nerve compression syndromes are common disorders. The distinctive pathologic changes in the nerves are directly related to the physiologic changes that occur. The symptoms from which people suffer are due to these physiologic changes. This article describes the relevant pathologic and physiologic changes of compressed nerves and their relation to the signs and symptoms that result.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Peripheral nerve injuries in children.

Recovery after peripheral nerve injuries in children is more complete than in adults and is inversely related to the age of the patient. The prognosis for the return of sensation following laceration of the median, ulnar, or digital nerve depends upon recovery of two point discrimination (in millimeters approximately equal to the child's age) at the time of nerve repair. The better results in children probably reflect the greater adaptability of the immature central nervous system to the nerve injury. Operative exploration of an open wound when there is a potential for nerve injury in an uncooperative child is the only sure way of determining the status of the nerves. Primary repair of cleanly divided nerves in tidy wounds is advocated if it can be done competently. Secondary repair is indicated for avulsion injuries, gunshot wounds, crush injuries, and human or animal bites. Delicate, atraumatic technique and accurate repair of the divided nerve are stressed. The more exacting technique of funicular repair may yield better results. Interfascicular cable grafting is a new and useful alternative to extensive mobilization in closing nerve gaps. Nonoperative treatment of nerve injuries associated with closed fractures is advocated unless there are no signs of nerve regeneration in two to three months. Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries of the upper plexus carry a better prognosis than lower plexus or total plexus injury. Early range of motion exercises to prevent contractures are stressed. Maximal recovery takes place within two years. The acute nerve compression syndrome should be considered an emergency and may require surgical decompression if it is severe and if rapid return of function does not occur following reduction of the fracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The supinator syndrome. Diagnosis - therapy - results].

The compression of the r. profundus of n. radialis by m. superior is a rare nerve compression syndrome of the upper extremity. In many cases its diagnosis is very difficult. 14 patients with a emg-manifest supinator syndrome were examined after operation. The examinations were performed as to etiology, symptoms and postoperative status depending on pre-operative duration of trouble.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Disc-like herniation in association with gas collection in the spinal canal: CT evaluation.

Gas production as a part of disk degeneration can occur but rarely causes nerve compression syndromes. Few cases have been reported in which lumbar intraspinal epidural gas cause nerve root compression symptoms. We present 12 cases of gas collection in the spinal canal that were presented to the orthopaedic out-patient department with symptoms of low back pain and sciatica. CT showed the presence of free epidural gas collections adjacent to or over the affected nerve roots. Relief of symptoms was noted with the change of positions, lying down or sleeping. In this study, we conclude that the presence of lumbar intraspinal epidural gas that causes radicular compressing phenomena, can be easily detected with the use of CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evaluating and treating common upper extremity nerve compression and tendonitis syndromes ... without becoming cumulatively traumatized.

Cumulative trauma disorder, repetitive motion injury, and overuse syndrome are all umbrella descriptions of many specific injuries that require careful evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment to restore function, decrease pain, and minimize time spent in a patient role. This article describes anatomic sites of common nerve compressions and tendonitis in the upper extremity (UE). Evaluation techniques are described with emphasis on clinical, environmental, and psychological mitigating factors essential in identifying microtrauma of nerves and tendons to achieve the correct differential diagnosis. Conservative treatment recommendations, including splinting, ergonomics, corticosteroid injection, and hand surgery, are outlined to assist the practitioner in discerning the most appropriate course of action. Surgical intervention and postoperative care and follow-up for median, ulnar, radial, and thoracic outlet nerve compression syndromes are briefly described.

Arm↗
PubMed1995

Motor affliction of the L5 nerve root in lumbar nerve root compression syndromes.

STUDY DESIGN: From a prospective and consecutive study on degenerative lumbar spine disorders containing 416 patients, all patients with a severely reduced or absent strength of the extensor hallucis longus muscle (n = 35) before surgery were identified. OBJECTIVES: The incidence, diagnosis, and recovery after surgery of patients with L5 root compression syndromes and a severely reduced or absent power before surgery of the big toe extensor was evaluated. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The L5 root is commonly involved in disc herniation and central and lateral spinal stenosis. Whether motor recovery occurs after root decompression is not fully known. METHODS: All patients underwent a conventional radiologic evaluation before surgery including one or more myelography, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging. At examination before surgery, extensor hallucis longus-power was graded as normal, reduced, or severely reduced/absent, and the latter group is presented here. Surgical findings were registered. Clinical investigation was performed after 4, 12-, and 24-month follow-up periods. RESULTS: A pronounced extensor hallucis longus paresis was seen in disc herniation in 20 of 187 patients, in lateral spinal stenosis in 10 of 122 patients, and central spinal stenosis 5 of 107 patients. Improvement of the paresis after surgery was equally common in disc herniation (15 of 20 patients) and lateral spinal stenosis (7 of 10 patients). Complete restitution was more common in disc herniation. None of the five patients with central spinal stenosis improved concerning paresis at the follow-up period. Improvement was most common during the first 4 months after surgery. No correlation between age or preoperative symptom duration and recovery was noted in either group. CONCLUSION: The incidence of pronounced extensor hallucis longus paresis in lumbar nerve root compression varied between 5-11%. Recovery after surgery was common in disc herniation and lateral spinal stenosis but did not occur in central stenosis. Complete recovery was most common in disc herniation, and recovery occurred mainly during the first 4 months after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Vascular compression syndrome of the vestibulocochlear nerve--otolaryngologic and radiologic diagnosis].

Vascular compression syndrome is the term used to classify a group of conditions though to be caused by the compression of cranial nerve by vessel. In the most cases the contact of vascular loop formed by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) with the eight and facial nerve correlated with unilateral auditory symptoms or hemifacial spasms. The vascular compression syndrome of vestibulocochlear nerve in 8 patients treated in I ENT Clinic of Silesian Academy and MRI Department in Katowice was observed. All patients were otologic findings such as a tone audiometry, ENG, ABR and radiological diagnostics included MRI and angio MRI. The prospective analysis was performed. The results suggest that the unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vestibular disorders and positive findings on magnetic resonance imaging are the most reliable evidence for the presence neurovascular compression syndrome of the eight cranial nerve. The MRI and otologic studies provided quite detailed information about topography of relationship between the blood vessels and cranial nerves in the crebellopontine cistern.

Adult↗