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Results for “OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of isopropyl unoprostone ophthalmic solution on cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of isopropyl unoprostone (referred to as unoprostone) ophthalmic solution on the barrier function of cultured rabbit corneal epithelium grown on permeable supports. METHODS: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells cultured on collagen-coated filter inserts were administered one of the following for 30 min: unoprostone in vehicle solution (polysorbate 80), unoprostone in vehicle solution with a preservative (benzalkonium chloride), preservative only or vehicle only. For a control, no chemicals were added to the medium. After administration, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurement, a sensitive method by which to investigate the barrier function, and morphological observation using phase-contrast microscopy were performed before exposure and at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure. The transmission electron-microscopic observation was performed before and 72 h after exposure in all experimental conditions. RESULTS: The cells exposed to unoprostone with the preservative showed a significant decrease in the TER, although no morphological changes were observed. The corneal epithelial cells exposed to unoprostone without preservative, the vehicle only or the preservative only did not show any differences from the control group at any measurements. CONCLUSION: The corneal barrier function is damaged by a combined solution of unoprostone and preservative, but not by a single solution of unoprostone, in vitro.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution in the treatment of conjunctivitis and blepharitis: a comparison with fusidic acid.

The efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution (0.3%) and fusidic acid gel (1%) were compared in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharitis in a randomized, open, parallel group study. Thirty-nine patients, 21 treated with ciprofloxacin solution and 18 treated with fusidic acid gel, were culture-positive on admission and were evaluable for efficacy. At the end of a 7-day treatment, the infecting organism was eradicated in 81% of those treated with ciprofloxacin and 72% of those treated with fusidic acid gel. There was clinical cure or improvement in 95% and 89% respectively. The clinical cure rate appeared to be higher with ciprofloxacin than fusidic acid (62% compared with 28%) but this was related to the higher proportion of patients with acute conjunctivitis in the ciprofloxacin group. Two patients using ciprofloxacin had mild discomfort and stinging on instillation and one given fusidic acid had moderate edema and discomfort; the latter patient stopped treatment. Topical ciprofloxacin is effective and well tolerated and is a useful treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Effect of three ophthalmic solutions on chemical conjunctivitis in the neonate.

In an attempt to reduce chemical conjunctivitis after silver nitrate prophylaxis, three different ophthalmic solutions (sodium chloride, sterile water, and a boric acid-sodium borate solution) were used to irrigate the eyes immediately after prophylaxis in 450 neonates. Sterile water significantly reduced (P less than .02) the prevalence of chemical conjunctivitis when compared to the conventional sodium chloride rinse. A significantly greater prevalence of chemical irritation in low-birth-weight infants was also noted (P less than .02).

Boric Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Colorimetric determination of a polymeric quaternary ammonium antimicrobial preservative in an ophthalmic solution.

A simple colorimetric method is presented for the determination of Polyquad, a polymeric quaternary ammonium antimicrobial preservative, in an ophthalmic solution. Polyquad and magnesium are coprecipitated by ion pairing with Ponceau S, a highly colored sulfonate dye, at an acidic pH. The sample is centrifuged and the supernate analyzed spectrophotometrically. The concentration of Polyquad is determined by the decrease in dye concentration. Formulation excipients such as disodium edetate, dextran, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose did not interfere with the quantitation. The method is specific, accurate, precise, and stability-indicating for the quantitation of 10 ppm Polyquad.

Colorimetry↗

PubMed1978

Clinical trial comparing timolol ophthalmic solution to pilocarpine in open-angle glaucoma.

A ten-week, double-masked, randomized, clinical trial compared timolol ophthalmic solution and pilocarpine in the therapy of open-angle glaucoma. Timolol decreased the intraocular pressure at least as much as pilocarpine and did not induce miosis, accommodative spasm, or other annoying side effects. The pulse was slowed by timolol, but blood pressure was unaffected. Significant decreases in intraocular pressure were still present after ten weeks of maintenance therapy with the same concentration of drug.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Availability of TPD ophthalmic solution (mixture of Mydrin-P solution, Neosynesin Kowa solution, and Diclod solution) in regard to the corneal barrier function--clinical evaluation for vitrectomy in patients with diabetic retinopathy].

PURPOSE: We made TPD ophthalmic solution by combining Tropicamide solution(Mydrin-P: T), Phenylephrine Hydrochloride(Neosynesin Kowa solution: P) and Diclofenac Sodium(Diclod solution: D), and evaluated its efficiency in terms of corneal epithelial damage in patients with diabetic retinopathy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five patients(10 eyes) who were to undergo vitrectomy were enrolled in this study. They each received T, P, and D 6 times and TPD solution in the same way. Before and after the instillation, superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) was evaluated and corneal epithelial permeability was determined by anterior fluorophotometry. RESULTS: After the instillation of T, P, and D, corneal damage increased in all eyes. After the instillation of TPD, three eyes showed only one grade change up in AD(A: area, D: density) classification of SPK. The fluorescein uptake change between pre- and post-instillation was 457.5 +/- 468.8 (mean +/- standard deviation) ng/ml with T, P, and D and 100.5 +/- 235.6 ng/ml with TPD(p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: TPD solution decreases both corneal epithelium damage and barrier function change of corneal epithelium.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pain reduction after laser in situ keratomileusis with ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5%: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: In this two-center, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel group study, 39 patients underwent bilateral simultaneous LASIK. Patients received study drops (Acular PF or Lens Plus) in both eyes 15 to 30 minutes before surgery, again immediately before passing of the microkeratome, and again after flap repositioning. Proparacaine was used during surgery, but no additional therapeutics were used for the next 24 hours, except acetaminophen or propoxyphene napsylate acetaminophen allowed as escape medication. Patients rated their eye pain hourly through 6 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Ketorolac significantly reduced eye pain at every time point compared to placebo (P<.01). Escape medication use declined significantly; 16% (3/19) of those who received ketorolac required escape medication compared to 50% (8/16) of placebo-treated patients (P=.03). Ketorolac-treated eyes were pain-free significantly sooner (P<.01), with 47% (18/38) having pain cessation by hour 4, compared to 15% (5/33) of placebo-treated eyes. No treatment-related adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of topical ketorolac for control of early postoperative pain following LASIK, significantly increasing patient comfort and reducing usage of other pain medications.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Effect of brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution 0.2% on pupil size in normal eyes under different luminance conditions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution 0.2% (Alphagan) on pupil size in normal eyes. Three luminance conditions were used to assess the potential use of brimonidine in postoperative refractive patients who experience nighttime vision problems related to large pupil size. SETTING: McDonald Eye Associates, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. METHODS: Pupil size was measured in 16 eyes of 16 participants with the Colvard pupillometer under 3 luminance conditions. One drop of brimonidine 0.2% was administered to each patient. Pupil size was then measured using the same technique 30 minutes and 4 and 6 hours after drop administration. RESULTS: Under scotopic conditions, 100% of the pupils showed significant miosis at 30 minutes (P <.05). The effect continued in all eyes for 4 hours. At 6 hours, a miotic effect was still present in 81.3%. However, under photopic luminance, there was no significant effect on pupil size in all 16 eyes (P >.05). The pupil size in 5 eyes (31.2%) was not affected at 30 minutes or 4 or 6 hours. At 6 hours, 15 eyes (93.8%) had returned to their preinstillation size. CONCLUSION: Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% had a significant effect in decreasing pupil size under scotopic conditions. The results indicate that the drug can decrease night-vision difficulties such as halos, star bursts, glare, and monocular diplopia in postoperative refractive patients.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMed1983

Treatment of chronic staphylococcal blepharoconjunctivitis with a new topical steroid anti-infective ophthalmic solution.

Gentamicin sulfate and betamethasone phosphate were combined in solution form for topical ophthalmic use in patients with chronic staphylococcal blepharoconjunctivitis. The study involved 79 patients and was a two-week double-blind placebo controlled trial comparing the combination with its individual components and placebo. Lid cultures showed that the combination and gentamicin were significantly superior to placebo or betamethasone in freeing the lids of staphylococcus. In addition, the patients treated with either the combination or betamethasone showed greater improvement in the total objective signs than those patients treated with either gentamicin or placebo at the first follow-up visit. No drug-related adverse reactions occurred in the combination treatment group.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2006

Topical dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution: a review of its use in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Topically administered dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% (dorzolamide/timolol ophthalmic solution; Cosopt) is a fixed combination of two ocular hypotensive drugs (the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide and the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist timolol) that have an additive effect on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) when administered together. This product is indicated for the treatment of elevated IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OH) who are insufficiently responsive to topical beta-adrenoceptor antagonist monotherapy. As such, it can be considered for use in individuals who, as a consequence of failing to achieve target IOP with beta-adrenoceptor antagonist monotherapy, require the addition or substitution of another class of topical antiglaucoma medication. Clinical trials have demonstrated that dorzolamide/timolol (1 drop per eye twice daily) is an effective and generally well tolerated fixed combination for lowering IOP in patients with open angle glaucoma or OH, including individuals uncontrolled on beta-adrenoceptor antagonist monotherapy. Compared with concomitant therapy with the individual components, the primary advantage of fixed combination dorzolamide/timolol is convenience.

Drug Combinations↗

PubMed2000

Nedocromil sodium 2% ophthalmic solution for the treatment of ragweed pollen seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of nedocromil sodium 2% ophthalmic solution in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS: A combined analysis of two multicenter, randomized, comparative, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 261 patients diagnosed with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis was used. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either topical 2% nedocromil sodium or placebo twice daily for eight weeks. Diary card scores and clinician assessments of allergic symptoms were recorded throughout the study; efficacy was determined by comparing symptom severity at the peak pollen period with symptom severity at baseline. Clinician and patient evaluations of treatment effectiveness were used as secondary measurements of efficacy. RESULTS: Patients treated with nedocromil sodium experienced improvement in allergy symptoms, with reductions in the summary symptom score, itch, redness, conjunctival injection, and conjunctival edema significantly (p<0.05) greater than those observed in the patients treated with placebo. Clinicians' and patients' opinions of nedocromil sodium treatment effectiveness were significantly (p<0.02) superior to those of placebo treatment effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Nedocromil sodium is effective in the management of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Absorption of topical moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution into human aqueous humor.

PURPOSE: To investigate the absorption of moxifloxacin into human aqueous humor after administration of moxifloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, 0.5% as base. METHODS: Cataract patients were randomly allocated to receive 1 drop every 15 minutes for 4 doses before surgery (group 1) or 1 drop 4 times per day on the day before surgery plus the same preoperative regimen as group 1 (group 2). The last dose was administered 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, or 3 hours before aqueous humor sampling. Samples from 30 patients per group were analyzed by a validated HPLC/MS/MS method. RESULTS: For group 1, the mean +/- SD C(max) was 1.50 +/- 0.75 microg/mL and occurred at 0.5 hour after dosing. The mean C(max) for group 2 was 1.74 +/- 0.66 microg/mL and was reached at 1 to 2 hours. Mean AUC(0-3h) for groups 1 and 2 were 3.16 +/- 0.29 and 4.41 +/- 0.48 microg.h/mL, respectively. The difference in AUC(0-3h) was statistically significant (P = 0.04), but the difference in Cmax was not. CONCLUSIONS: Topical moxifloxacin was well absorbed. Maximum moxifloxacin concentrations were approximately 30 times higher than the median MICs for common pathogens in bacterial endophthalmitis, indicating that either regimen may provide sufficient concentrations to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis.

Absorption↗

PubMed2000

Analgesic efficacy of ketorolac 0.5% ophthalmic solution (Accular) in paediatric strabismus surgery.

This prospective double-blind study was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac 0.5% ophthalmic solution compared with placebo in 30 healthy children undergoing extraocular muscle recession for correction of strabismus. After paracetamol 20 mg.kg-1 preoperatively, a standard anaesthetic was given. There were no significant differences in Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and faces pain scale (FPS) scores, requirement for supplementary analgesia or in postoperative vomiting between the two groups over the following 24 h. This study did not demonstrate improved postoperative analgesia when topical ketorolac eye drops were given in addition to paracetamol. This observed lack of efficacy may reflect difficulties in the use of CHEOPS and FPS in this age group with this pain model.

Child↗

PubMed1980

A double-blind, multi-centre controlled trial of 0.25% oxymetazoline ophthalmic solution in patients with allergic and non-infectious conjunctivitis.

Oxymetazoline (0.025%) ophthalmic solution, 2 drops 4-times daily, was compared with a placebo in the treatment of allergic and non-infectious conjunctivitis. In this 1 week, double-blind, multi-centre study, oxymetazoline proved significantly superior to the placebo (p < 0.001) in providing rapid and sustained clearing of inflamed conjunctiva. Overall, 84% of allergic patients treated with oxymetzoline were improved compared to 58% on placebo. Patients with non-infectious conjunctivitis exhibited a high degree of improvement (94%) compared to placebo (51%).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Lubrication and surface chemical properties of ophthalmic solutions.

Surface chemical and lubrication parameters such as contact angle, surface tension, and coefficient of friction, together with viscosity, were measured for commercial ophthalmic solutions. A sensitive friction-testing instrument was employed to measure the coefficient of friction between low-energy polymeric surfaces, e.g., polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The viscosity of ten commercial tear substitutes employed in the present study ranged from 2 to 25 cp. The results showed that there is no correlation between the coefficient of friction and viscosity, surface tension, or contact angle of these tear substitutes. The coefficient of friction of tear substitutes appears to depend upon the structure, conformation, and adsorption characteristics of polymer as well as surface characteristics of sliding surfaces. A systematic study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of speed and load on the coefficient of friction between different sliding surfaces, namely PMMA/nylon and PMMA/PMMA. The analysis of data established that our system was operating in the region of "boundary lubrication." In general, a PMMA/PMMA system exhibited a lower coefficient of friction as compared with the PMMA/nylon system.

Lubrication↗

PubMed2002

Survival of equine herpesvirus-4, feline herpesvirus-1, and feline calicivirus in multidose ophthalmic solutions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine survival over time of infectious equine herpesvirus-4, feline herpesvirus-1, and feline calicivirus in three commercially available and commonly used ophthalmic solutions (eyewash, fluorescein, and proparacaine HCl). SAMPLE POPULATION: Viruses used in this study were originally isolated from eyes of animals referred to the University of Illinois. Equine herpesvirus-4 was propagated in MDBK cells and feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus in CRFK cells. PROCEDURE: After separately inoculating a designated solution with a specific titer of an individual virus, solutions were incubated per manufacturer's recommendations, either at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C. Virus titers within solutions were subsequently measured at 1, 8, and 24 h and 3, 5 and 7 days post inoculation using either plaque or TCID50 assays. RESULTS: Equine herpesvirus-4, feline herpesvirus-1, and feline calicivirus were present in eyewash for 7 days, 5 days, and 7 days, respectively. Eyewash did not decrease survival time of any virus when compared to controls. Equine herpesvirus-4 and feline herpesvirus-1, both enveloped viruses, were not recovered at any time > or = 1 h post inoculation in fluorescein. Feline calicivirus, a nonenveloped virus, was present in fluorescein for 7 days. Equine herpesvirus-4 and feline herpesvirus-1 did not remain infectious in proparacaine at any time > or = 1 h post inoculation, but feline calicivirus was recovered at up to 24 h post inoculation. CONCLUSIONS: Equine herpesvirus-4, feline herpesvirus-1, and feline calicivirus may be readily transmissible via the eyewash solution used in this study. Risk of iatrogenic transmission of the three viruses used in this study was significantly reduced in both fluorescein and proparacaine solutions. Feline calicivirus, the only nonenveloped virus evaluated, remained viable longer in both fluorescein and proparacaine solutions.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Clinical evaluation of ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution for treatment of bacterial keratitis.

A multicenter, prospective clinical study of 148 culture-proven cases of bacterial keratitis, treated with ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution, compared its clinical and antibacterial efficacy with the standard therapy regimen of each investigator. Most often, this consisted of topically administered fortified cefazolin (33 mg/ml) and fortified gentamicin or tobramycin (14 mg/ml). Two control groups were studied: (1) patients treated while the ciprofloxacin study was ongoing (not enrolled group); and (2) patients treated during the year before initiation of the ciprofloxacin study (historical group). Treatment with ciprofloxacin yielded a 91.9% success rate. Standard therapy yielded an 88.2% success rate among not enrolled control patients and an 88.3% success rate among the historical control patients. No serious side effects accompanied ciprofloxacin administration. In vitro susceptibility testing showed ciprofloxacin to be highly effective against bacterial corneal pathogens. These findings suggest that ciprofloxacin 0.3% is safe and effective as a single agent for the treatment of bacterial keratitis.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed2005

Effects of a new formulation of olopatadine ophthalmic solution on nasal symptoms relative to placebo in two studies involving subjects with allergic conjunctivitis or rhinoconjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND: A new formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution (olopatadine 0.2%) was evaluated in two separate, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked, hybrid environmental studies intended to determine efficacy and safety in subjects with histories of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhinoconjunctivitis. DESIGN AND METHODS: In these 10- and 12-week trials (conducted April-August 2003 and July-December 2001, respectively), subjects assessed their ocular signs and symptoms. Additionally, subjects in the 10-week trial evaluated the frequency of their nasal symptoms while subjects in the 12-week trial evaluated both the frequency and severity of their nasal symptoms. The two trials had a combined enrollment of 500 subjects (217 males, 283 females) including 44 children aged 10-17 years; the combined population was 81.4% Caucasian, 9.2% Black, 2% Hispanic, and 7.4% other. Daily throughout these studies, either ragweed (fall study) or grass (spring study) pollen counts were obtained from each investigative center. Slope analyses were conducted on the nasal symptom assessments by pollen count. RESULTS: The nasal results from the two clinical trials are presented herein. In the fall study, relative to placebo, olopatadine 0.2% significantly reduced the frequency of pollen effects on sneezing (p = 0.0355) and itchy nose (p = 0.0032), and reduced the severity of pollen effects on sneezing (p = 0.0451), itchy nose (p = 0.0178), and runny nose (p = 0.0327). In the spring study, olopatadine 0.2% significantly reduced the frequency of pollen effects on sneezing (p = 0.0017) and runny nose (p = 0.0031) relative to placebo. In the fall trial, 2 subjects discontinued due to treatment-related adverse events (tachycardia and dry eye), while in the spring study, no subject discontinued due to a treatment-related adverse event. No subject in either study suffered a treatment-related serious adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: For the subjects enrolled in these studies, olopatadine 0.2% appeared to be safe, well-tolerated, and effective in significantly reducing the frequency and/or severity of some effects of pollen on nasal symptoms.

Adolescent↗