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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The collagen types in the attachment zone of rotator cuff tendons in the elderly: an immunohistochemical study.

OBJECTIVE: The attachment zone of the rotator cuff tendons in the elderly was studied immunohistochemically in order to determine how degenerative changes affected the pattern of collagen fiber distribution. METHODS: Twenty-seven cuffs with their bony insertion were obtained from 22 postmortem cases of both sexes ranging in age from 52 to 90 years and without a history of shoulder ailments. In addition, 3 cuff specimens from cadavers in the 3rd and 4th decades were examined for comparison. Sections of formalin fixed tissues were stained by peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) technique using monoclonal antibodies against types I, II and III collagen. RESULTS: Degenerative changes affecting the fibrocartilage primarily were characterized by calcification, fibrovascular proliferation and microtears. In addition, they were found in all the cuff tendons of elderly individuals but not in those from younger subjects. Immunohistochemically, the attachment zone in areas without degenerative lesions showed collagen type I labelling strongly in bone but only moderately in the fibrocartilage. The predominant labelling in the fibrocartilage was for collagen type II, and collagen type III labelled principally in perichondrocytic areas. The tide-mark showed inconsistent labelling for any of the collagen types. In the presence of degenerative lesions, the disposition of fiber types was interrupted by calcification and microtears. Collagen type II composition of the fibrocartilage was markedly altered by the presence of fibrovascular tissue which labelled only for collagen type III. CONCLUSION: We conclude that severe degenerative changes in the cuff tendons of elderly individuals, alter the collagen characteristic of the rotator cuff and that the changes could be associated with impairment of biomechanical properties of the attachment zone, and may give rise to the clinical syndrome of enthesopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The theory of attachment and contemporary psychoanalysis].

Bowlby considers attachment as a universal bond. It is based on internal models which are often viewed as subject to transmission. Representations of attachment nonetheless must be described together with representations of the object. Intersubjective relationship can be described on a neuro-biological basis but constitution of the Self is also determined by representations and fantasies produced by the mother's mental scripts.

Anxiety, Separation↗
PubMed2000

Attachment and loss experiences during childhood are associated with adult hostility, depression, and social support.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined developmental antecedents to psychosocial traits in adulthood that have been linked in prior studies to increased risk of heart disease. The hypothesis was tested that early parental loss coupled with poor-quality family relationships (FR) during childhood would be associated with increased hostility and depression, and lower social support in adulthood. METHODS: Participants included 30 university students who experienced the death of one parent before the age of 16, and 31 control participants. Questionnaires were completed measuring current social support, hostility, depression, and the quality of FR. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) supported the hypothesis of maladaptive psychosocial characteristics in loss participants reporting poorer-quality FR. Significant interactions of loss and FR were found for individual variables of depressive symptoms, social support, and hostility. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence that parental loss in childhood is associated with health-damaging psychosocial characteristics in adulthood only if the quality of the surviving FR is poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Differences in learning objectives during the labour ward clinical attachment between medical students and their midwifery preceptors.

OBJECTIVES: Midwives have been actively involved in the clinical teaching of medical students for many years. However, this role has received little attention and limited research has been conducted into either its efficacy or the development of strategies to maximise the potential of such teaching opportunities. We examined medical student and midwifery preceptor attitudes towards students' learning objectives during the labour ward placement. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of midwifery preceptors and medical students was undertaken. The setting was an Australian teaching and tertiary referral hospital. The questionnaire contained questions about strategies to improve medical student involvement on the labour ward and opinions towards core competencies of the student curriculum. RESULTS: Of 94 questionnaires issued to midwifery preceptors, 63 were returned (response rate 67%). Of 130 questionnaires issued to medical students, 93 were returned (response rate 72%). Major differences in the expectations of students and midwifery preceptors were identified. Only 17% of midwives felt medical students should be involved in helping mothers with breastfeeding, and some no longer saw a role for students in delivering babies or performing well baby checks. These differences in opinions led to student dissatisfaction with their obstetric learning experience. CONCLUSION: Educators need to ensure that students and midwifery preceptors identify common learning objectives. Failure to address these differences may lead to poor interdisciplinary relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Attachment: a biological basis for the therapeutic relationship?

When faced with loss, illness, distress, or threat, we tend to seek out an attachment figure from which we can obtain comfort and protection. The attachment theory, an evolutionary biosocial theory of development, postulates that the propensity to make strong emotional bonds to a differentiated and preferred person, conceived as stronger and or wiser, is a basic component of the human nature, distinct from feeding and sexuality. Attachment behaviour is present in germinal form in the neonate and continues to be present "from the cradle to the grave". On the basis of day-to-day experience of the responsiveness and accessibility of caregivers, children build internal working models of attachment figures and of themselves. Expectations about the likely behaviour of others, initially preverbal, characterize the approach of the individual to other persons. Internal working models are successively modified on the basis of recent experience. The therapeutic relationship can be viewed as the seeking of a secure base, from which the patient and the therapist, in a joint effort, explore the patient's attachment history and the painful feelings associated with it. The therapist, responsive to the patient's verbal and non-verbal attachment signals, is viewed as a supplementary attachment figure.

Emotions↗
PubMed2006

[Attachment patterns in psychotherapists].

OBJECTIVES: Therapist characteristics are relevant for the outcome of psychotherapies. Attachment measures related to aspects of personality are well introduced. We studied a sample of psychotherapists using attachment interviews and questionnaires. METHODS: 31 psychodynamically oriented psychotherapists who worked in two inpatient institutions were interviewed with the Adult Attachment Interview. We report the results of the distribution of attachment patterns according the Adult Attachment Prototype Rating (Strauss et al. 1999). RESULTS: 14 therapists (45.2%) showed a secure, 4 (12.9%) an insecure-ambivalent and 7 (22.6%) an insecure-avoidant attachment pattern. A comparably high proportion of therapists was rated as mixed-insecure, a pattern of clinical relevance. Discrepancies to other samples lie in the expected direction. There were no correlations with gender, experience or profession. Depression and insecure attachment did correlate; interpersonal problems showed no connection to attachment status. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution resembles the general population with a slightly lower proportion of secure subjects. Further assessments, among others, will investigate the occurrence of ,,unresolved states of mind" with respect to attachment trauma.

Adult↗