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PubMed1999

[Pediculosis].

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Humans↗
PubMed1999

Current treatments for scabies and pediculosis.

Scabies and lice have afflicted man since ancient times. Permethrin is generally the treatment of choice for head lice and scabies, because of its residual effect. Toxicity and absorption are minimal. Ivermectin should be reserved for cases where permethrin fails.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparative efficacy of treatments for pediculosis capitis infestations: update 2000.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of 5 head lice products. DESIGN: In vitro pediculicidal and ovicidal product comparison. SETTING: Tropical field station in Panama. PARTICIPANTS: Head lice and eggs were harvested from healthy children infested with Pediculus capitis. INTERVENTION: Within 2 hours of capture, lice were placed in continuous, direct contact with the pediculicide products and observed at regular intervals. Fresh, viable eggs were immersed in the pediculicides for 10 minutes, rinsed, air-dried, and incubated for 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage of lice dead at regular observation intervals between 5 minutes and 3 hours of continuous exposure to the pediculicide and percentage of eggs not hatched after 2 weeks. RESULTS: All lice treated with Ovide lotion (0.5% malathion) were dead within 10 minutes and none of the eggs hatched. There was no significant change in the effectiveness of 0.5% malathion lotion or A-200 shampoo compared with the results of an earlier study (1986). There were significant declines in the pediculicidal activity of RID and the ovicidal activity of lindane. Nix (1% permethrin), which was not on the market at the time of the original study, killed lice in less than 30 minutes, and ovicidal activity ranged from 73% to 90% (diluted and undiluted, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Ovide lotion (0.5% malathion) was the fastest-killing pediculicide and the most effective ovicide. One percent lindane shampoo was the slowest-acting pediculicide and least effective ovicide. Nix was highly effective in both undiluted and diluted forms.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Outbreak of head pediculosis during SFINCSS-99 isolation experiment.

This short case report presents the development and treatment of a head lice outbreak during a space simulation experiment. The confinement experiment was conducted from July 1999 to March 2000 at the State Research Center of the Russian Federation Institute for Biomedical Problems in Moscow. Following a symptom period of up to 9 wk before diagnosis and treatment, 3 wk of treatment were required to remove all nits from those infected. Recommendations are made with regard to prevention of such infections during space missions. Treatment altered performance and comfort of crews, took time out of other duties, and even affected relations between crewmembers. The case is made for the development of a public health agenda in space research and medical space programs.

Adult↗