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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is widely used for assessing psychopathology. However, its reliability in people with neurologic disease has been questioned. This concern is especially true for epilepsy, a disease with symptoms, i.e., seizures, that frequently include experiences likely to suggest psychopathology. Correction procedures, in which select items are removed and the test is rescored, may improve MMPI-2 specificity. The MMPI-2 was administered to 27 subjects with epilepsy, and the results were compared before and after application of three correction procedures: rational, statistical, and combined. The statistical correction resulted in clinically significant T-score changes (> or = 5 points) in two MMPI-2 clinical scales, while a combined correction procedure produced clinically significant changes in three scales. In the subgroup of patients with intractable epilepsy, two noncorrected scale T-scores > or = 65 fell to the normal range with both the statistical and combined procedures. These results suggest cautious interpretation of standard MMPI-2 scores in patients with epilepsy.
The relationship between students' actual test scores and their self-estimated scores on the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI; R. Hogan & J. Hogan, 1992), an omnibus personality questionnaire, was examined. Despite being given descriptive statistics and explanations of each of the dimensions measured, the students tended to overestimate their scores; yet all correlations between actual and estimated scores were positive and significant. Correlations between self-estimates and actual test scores were highest for sociability, ambition, and adjustment (r = .62 to r = .67). The results are discussed in terms of employers' use and abuse of personality assessment for job recruitment.
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The Internet is increasingly being used as a medium for psychological research. To assess the validity of such efforts, an electronic version of Gangestad & Snyder's (1985) revised self-monitoring questionnaire was placed at a site on the World Wide Web. In all, 963 responses were obtained through the Internet and these were compared with those from a group of 224 undergraduates who completed a paper-and-pencil version. Comparison of model fit indices obtained through confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the Internet-mediated version had similar psychometric properties to its conventional equivalent and compared favourably as a measure of self-monitoring. Reasons for possible superiority of Internet data are discussed. Results support the notion that Web-based personality assessment is possible, but stringent validation of test instruments is urged.
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The target of this study is the evaluation of two different noninvasive tests: 13C-urea Breath-Test, as gold standard, versus the HpSA test, as new method to research the faecal antigen of Helicobacter Pylori (HP). Thirty patients, affected by dyspeptic symptomatology and never treated before by antibiotic therapy to eradicate the HP, was subjected, by Authors, to this evaluation. This study say that the 13C-urea Breath-test represent the gold standard in the pre-endoscopic research of HP presence concerning specificity and sensibility. However, the HpSA test need more improvement.
The study using multifactor personality questionnaire (shorter variant of MMPI) covered 619 drivers aged 20 to 59. Professional success was assessed according to occupationally important psychophysiologic parameters (OIPP) and number of committed traffic accidents (TA) in 4 groups of the drivers. Individual psychologic traits appeared to correlate with reliability criteria (OIPP and TA). Approaches evaluating the drivers' reliability should therefore consider personal features for better differentiated correction of psychophysiologic parameters. Advances in programs of traffic safety is strongly associated with complex approaches of prophylaxis that should consider significance of psychologic factor.
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In 2002 the Comité Européen Normalisation (CEN) published its document Workplace atmospheres-assessment of performance of instruments for measurement of airborne particle concentrations (EN 13205) that describes a standard protocol by which to carry out the testing and validation of personal aerosol samplers of the type widely used for occupational aerosol exposure assessment. It emerged from more than a decade of discussion and a large body of research experience involving several laboratories. The protocol that is described, however, still poses significant technical and economic challenges, not least because it involves laborious-and hence costly-procedures in large, specialized wind tunnel facilities. More recent research has identified a number of areas by which the protocol may be improved and made more accessible to testing laboratories, including a set of validated aerosol sampler scaling laws, a better understanding of the reduced role of the bluff body of the wearer on sampler performance, and the availability of new options for rapid sampler testing methods. Taking these into account, a dummy new protocol is offered for discussion.
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