PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Tracheal extubation of the neonate at 2 to 3 cm H2O continuous positive airway pressure.

To investigate the efficacy of extubation at higher levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 49 newborns (0.95 to 4.0 kg) were extubated at 2 to 3 cm H2O following 1 to 47 days of CPAP therapy. Pre- and postextubation measurements of Po2, PCO2, pH, FiO2, and CPAP were made in all infants. No significant differences (P less than.05) were found between pre- and post-extubation arterial blood gas values for all patients. Comparison of pre- and post-extubation blood gas data with respect to birthweight (less than 2.0 kg vs greater than 2.0 kg) and intubation time (less than 8 days vs. greater than 8 days) also indicated no statistical differences. Mean alveolar-arterial oxygen differences and FiO2 for 41 infants showed progressive decreases following extubation. Six of the 49 infants required reintubation within 72 hours following extubation. The results of this study indicate that newborns with respiratory disease requiring CPAP may be extubated at 2 to 3 cm H2O with no significant changes in arterial blood gas values, thus preventing prolonged intubation associated with weaning to 0 cm H2O CPAP.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1977

Intermittent positive pressure inflation during microscopic endolaryngeal surgery.

We describe a technique of anaesthesia for microlaryngeal surgery which we have found satisfactory. Inflation of oxygen through a noso-tracheal catheter provided very satisfactory ventilation with high oxygen levels in contrast to other reports. The intratracheal pressure was intermittently monitored to ensure safety. Continuous infusion of Methohexitone and suxamethonium provided adequate safe anaesthesia, prompt recovery, and absence of awareness. The results of pulmonary function tests undertaken preoperatively and postoperatively were mainly identical, showing no gross deleterious effect with this method of anaesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Evacuation of pericardial, anterior mediastinal, and peripleural air collections in neonatal respiratory distress.

Alveolar rupture in the neonate can result in the dissection of air along vascular sheaths and the formation of abnormal collections within the mediastinal, pleural, pericardial, or peripleural spaces or elsewhere. Intercostal tube placement for pneumothorax is frequently required. A method is presented for the placement of Intracath catheters into pericardial, anterior mediastinal, and peripleural collections of air when other adjustments in treatment have not allevaited clinical distress.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1977

Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS): intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) versus continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV), a comparative study.

59 patients with IRDS treated with CPPV in 1973-1974 are compared with 59 patients treated with IPPV in 1971-1972. With CPPV there was a reduction in mortality from 40.7% to 32.2%. CPPV as compared to IPPV reduced right to left shunting from the 6th hour of life onwards. Elevated oxygen supply was needed for shorter time and time of mechanical ventilation as well as duration of intubation could be reduced. The frequency of pneumothorax during ventilation was unchanged. The frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia could be reduced. One third of the surviving patients had neurological symptoms at the age of one year, the frequency was lower in the CPPV group. One patient in the IPPV group was severely damaged. The results obtained are in favour of CPPV as compared to IPPV for mechanical ventilation in patients with IRDS.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Hazards of mechanical ventilation--therapeutic implications.

The side effects and adverse reactions associated with the use of positive pressure volume cycle ventilators are described with a focus on information the pharmacist needs to know to monitor patient drug therapy. Mechanical ventilation is discussed with regard to pulmonary and blood gases, infections, cardiovascular effects, renal-fluid status, metabolic considerations, central nervous system effects, gastrointestinal effects, musculo-skeletal reactions, discontinuance of mechanical ventilation and the use of inhalation drugs.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary wedge catheterization during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation in the dog.

In ten supine anesthetized dogs, recordings of left atrial (LA) and pulmonary-artery wedge (PW) pressures were simultaneously obtained at several levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation with the thorax either open or closed. Lateral roentgenograms were taken to determine the relative vertical positions of the LA and PW catheter tips. When the wedge catheter tip was vertically above the left artrial catheter tip, mean PW followed airway pressure at PEEP of more that 5 cm H20. For PEEP 5 cm H20 or less, and for PW catheter tip positions vertically below the LA catheter tip at all levels of PEEP, mean wedge catheter pressure was close to left atrial pressure. Thus, it appears the LA pressure can best be estimated by PW catheter positions vertically below the left atrium during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of ventilatory techniques during cardiopulmonary bypass on post-bypass and postoperative pulmonary compliance and shunt.

Pulmonary compliance and shunt were evaluated preoperatively, 30 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass, and two hours postoperatively in 132 calves undergoing open-heart surgery with halothane and oxygen anesthesia. The calves were divided into 11 groups with respect to maintenance of the lungs during bypass. In Group 1 the lungs were collapsed during bypass. In all other groups the lungs were mechanically ventilated, statically inflated, or both, with either pure oxygen or nitrous oxide, 50 per cent, in oxygen. All groups had similar compliance and shunt values before operation and sustained significant decreases in compliance and increases in shunt 30 minutes after bypass. Calves exposed to positive-pressure breathing during bypass had higher shunt and lower compliance values after bypass and postoperatively than those not exposed to mechanical ventilation, irrespective of the inflating gas or presence or absence of any amount of static airway pressure. Animals not ventilated during bypass had compliance and shunt values that were not significantly different from preoperative values, while calves that were ventilated had compliance and shunt values that were still significantly altered two hours postoperatively. These data demonstrate that positive-pressure breathing during bypass decreases pulmonary compliance after bypass and postoperatively and increases intrapulmonary shunt, but that the gas inflating the lungs during bypass does not influence either of these variables. The findings also suggest that static pulmonary inflation during bypass offers no advantage over allowing the lungs to remain collapsed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Continuous airway pressure breathing with the head-box in the newborn lamb: effects of regional blood flows.

Continuous airway pressure delivered by a head-box is an accepted means of treating clinical hyaline membrane disease. To investigate hemodynamic alterations resulting from its use, eight newborn lambs, 1 to 6 days of age, were studied at 6 and 11 mm Hg of positive pressure, while spontaneoulsy breathing room air. Organ blood flows and cardiac output were measured with 25 micron-diameter radioactive microspheres. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure, and arterial blood gases did not change during the study. Jugular venous pressures increased from 6.4 mm Hg to 18.6 and 24.2 mm Hg at 6 and 11 mm Hg, respectively (P less than .005). Cardiac output decreased approximately 20% at either intrachamber pressure setting. Renal blood flow fell 21% at 11 mm Hg. No significant changes in blood flow were found in the brain, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, heart, or liver when compared to control flows. Of particular interest was the finding of a 28% reduction in ocular blood flow at 6 mm Hg and 52% at 11 mm Hg. From these results, we conclude that substantial cardiovascular alterations may occur during the application of head-box continuous airway pressure breathing, including a significant reduction in ocular blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Infantile lobar hyperinflation: expectant treatment.

Arterial blood gases and regional lung function, measured with a 133xenon technique, were used to evalute the physiological defects and follow the natural history of 16 infants with lobar hyperinflation ("emphysema"). Hypoxemia was due to V/Q inequality at rest. Worsening of hypoxemia (mean Pao2 delta--26 mm Hg) with crying was due to shunting as a consequence of cessation of ventilation in the involved lobe. Surgery was necessary in three patients. Two deaths were caused by bronchopulmonary dysplasia after respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In 12 of 14 infants, lung function was normal between the ages of 5 days and 1 year. Pediatrics, 59:1012-1018, 1977, LOBAR EMPHYSEMA, BLOOD GASES, REGIONAL LUNG FUNCTION.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1977

Pleuropulmonary suppurations.

The neonatal pleural empyema, especially in its most serious form, following staphylococcal pneumonia, presents a surgical problem demanding immediate emergency treatment. In 1957, we proposed that after diagnosis the empyema should immediately by drained by intercostal suction although in those times drainage was only an attempt after numerous aspirations. Children treated for pleural suppuration in the past were subjected to follow-up studies over a period of 14 to 15 years. Two comparative groups of "early-drained" and "late-drained" empyema cases showed that after immediate drainage there was definite improvement. Careful study of all the data of our 273 cases (up to 1970) shows that immediate continuous suction drainage with specific antibiotic and general supportive treatment have been very successful.

Adolescent↗