[Antibiotic and anti-cancer pasting for putrefactive cancers].
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Aged↗
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Results for “PUTREFACTION”
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[The effect of microorganisms on protein catabolism in putrefaction studies].
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Amino Acids↗
[Putrefactive gangrene of the scrotum complicated by obstruction and necrosis of the intestine].
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Aged↗
[The use of ozonized solutions in the combined treatment of odontogenic putrefactive-necrotic phlegmons of the maxillofacial area and neck].
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Cellulitis↗
[Delayed gangrenous-putrefactive ischiorectal paraproctitis with a rectal wall defect].
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Adult↗
Proof of air embolism after exhumation.
The detection, storage, and analysis of gas taken from the heart ventricle is necessary to diagnose a fatal air embolism and this requires special precautions during autopsy. When the results of gas analysis correspond to the criteria defined by Pierucci and Gherson the diagnosis "air embolism" is justified. In cases showing putrefaction the diagnostic value of gas analysis was negated. In a series of 15 patients who were assumed to have been killed by air injection in a peripheral vein the corpses were exhumed and a full medico-legal examination was carried out including gas analysis. In 8 cases results could be obtained indicating a mixture of embolised air and gases of putrefaction. In two control groups comprising 10 exhumed bodies and 30 cases showing advanced putrefaction, gas analysis showed putrefaction gases except in 5 cases with gas volumes less than 5 ml in the right ventricle. Therefore gas analysis can be helpful to diagnose fatal air embolism even in cases showing putrefaction while the diagnosis of putrefaction gases only does not exclude this diagnosis.
Aged↗
Salivary and metabolic factors involved in oral malodor formation.
Saliva plays a central role in the formation of oral malodor. Such formation has as its basis bacterial putrefaction, the degradation of proteins, and the resulting amino acids by microorganisms. Saliva provides substrates that are readily oxidized and in the process facilitates oxygen depletion. This favors the reduced conditions conducive to production of odoriferous volatiles. At the same time, saliva is a major source of oxygen for the oral bacteria which generally is inhibitory of their formation. The pH is also critical to malodor development; acidity inhibits, whereas neutrality and alkalinity favor malodor production. Since the pH on oral mucosal surfaces where odor formation occurs is largely determined by the fermentative and putrefactive activities of the adhering bacteria, these acid-base processes are necessarily of major regulatory importance. Because oral malodor and periodontitis both involve excessive oral putrefaction, a better understanding of putrefaction could lead to more substantive methods of oral malodor treatment than exists today, as well as identifying new approaches to amelioration of the bacterial attack on the soft tissues leading to the destruction associated with periodontal disease.
Dental Plaque↗
Effect of deglycosylation of salivary glycoproteins on oral malodour production.
UNLABELLED: Putrefaction of saliva is commonly used as an in-vitro assay in oral malodour investigations. AIM: To exam the hypothesis that deglycosylation of salivary glycoproteins promotes oral malodour production. DESIGN: Porphyromonas gingivalis-mediated putrefaction of salivary glycoproteins was tested following preincubation of saliva in the presence of beta-galactosidase with or without glycosidic inhibitor (galactosamine), and in the presence of glucose with or without a non-glycosylated protein (bovine serum albumin). METHODS: Malodour was determined by two odour judges, and volatile sulphides by using a sulphide monitor. Salivary glycoprotein degradation was measured densitometrically following electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE. RESULTS: The addition of beta-galactosidase promoted salivary glycoprotein degradation and concomitant malodour production, whereas addition of a glycosidic inhibitor (D-galactosamine) inhibited this process. Glucose inhibited salivary glycoproteins putrefaction, but this inhibitory effect was mitigated when a non-glycosylated protein (BSA) was added. CONCLUSIONS: Deglycosylation of salivary glycoproteins may be an initial step in oral malodour production. This process exposes the protein core of the glycoprotein, which is then further degraded by Gram-negative microorganisms under anaerobic conditions.
Densitometry↗
Distribution of ethyl glucuronide in rib bone marrow, other tissues and body liquids as proof of alcohol consumption before death.
Postmortem ethyl glucuronide (EtG) concentrations in rib bone marrow, liver, muscle, fat tissue, urine, blood and bile have been determined by LC-MS/MS. Samples have been taken from twelve corpses during autopsies. In nine corpses EtG could be detected, corresponding blood ethanol concentrations (BAC) were 0.04-0.37 g%. In three cases, no EtG was found; two of these cases showed postmortem BACs - possibly due to putrefaction - of 0.01 and 0.1g%. In rib bone marrow, which is easily accessible during autopsy, EtG concentrations (0.77-9.36 microg/g) have been lower than in blood (2.24-20.46 microg/mL) in eight of nine cases and comparable or higher than in muscle tissue. Therefore, rib bone marrow has been found suitable as matrix for EtG determination. The highest EtG concentrations have been found in urine in all but one case, where the resorption of ethanol had been incomplete. Second highest EtG concentrations have been detected in liver samples. In two cases with putrefaction, EtG could not be detected. In these cases, the detectable ethanol might have been produced partially or in total by postmortem fermentation. However, instability of EtG during putrefaction cannot be totally excluded which might result in a total loss of EtG.
Adipose Tissue↗
Chemical preservation of whole broiler carcasses utilizing alkaline hydroxides.
The chemical preservation of whole broiler carcasses utilizing aqueous alkaline hydroxide solutions was examined as an alternative method of mortality management. Conversion of the preserved carcasses and solutions into an acceptable poultry by-product meal was examined. This research identified the basic parameters for effective preservative solutions that simultaneously hydrolyzed feathers and preserved the carcass. Euthanized, fully feathered, mature broilers were placed in potassium hydroxide (0.5 to 2.0 M) and sodium hydroxide (0.12 to 2.0 M) solutions for 5 and 10 d. Effectiveness was evaluated by visible feather degradation and carcass solubilization, odor production, inhibition of microbial growth, and solids content of the alkaline solutions. Sodium hydroxide at 1.9 and 2.0 M diffused throughout the carcass and produced adequate preservation without apparent putrefaction through 10 d. Aerobic bacteria were not recovered from sodium hydroxide solutions, carcass skin, or intestine samples at the 1.9 M concentration. Treatments of 2.0 M potassium hydroxide and a mixture of 1.5 M potassium hydroxide with 0.5 M sodium hydroxide produced the highest degree of carcass liquification at 10 d without visible putrefaction. Sodium hydroxide solution (2.0 M):carcass weight ratios ranging from 1:1 through 4:1 (wt:wt) were effective in preserving individual carcasses for more than 60 d without putrefaction.
Animals↗
Intestinal autointoxication: a medical leitmotif.
The idea that putrefaction of the stools causes disease, i.e., intestinal autointoxication, originated with physicians in ancient Egypt. They believed that a putrefactive principle associated with feces was absorbed in to the general circulation, where it acted to produce fever and pus. This description of the materia peccans represented the earliest forerunner of our present notion of endotoxin and its effect. The ancient Greeks extended the concept of putrefaction to involve not only the residues of food, but also those of bile, phlegm, and blood, incorporating it into their humoral theory of disease. During the 19th century, the early biochemical and bacteriologic studies lent credence to the idea of ptomaine poisoning--that degradation of protein in the colon by anerobic bacteria generated toxic amines. Among the leading proponents of autointoxication was Metchnikoff, who hypothesized that intestinal toxins shortened lifespan. The toxic process, however, was reversed by the consumption of lactic acid-producing bacteria that changed the colonic microflora and prevented proteolysis. The next logical step in treatment followed in the early 20th century when surgeons, chief among them Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, performed colectomy to cure intestinal autointoxication. By the 1920s, the medical doctrine fell into disrepute as scientific advanced failed to give support. However, the idea persists in the public mind, probably as an extension of the childhood habit of toilet training.
Egypt↗
Variations in concentrations of bacterial metabolites, enzyme activities, moisture, pH and bacterial composition between and within individuals in faeces of seven healthy adults.
Variations between and within individuals, and correlations between concentrations of bacterial metabolites, including putrefactive products, ammonia and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), enzyme activities, moisture and pH, as well as bacterial composition, were studied in faecal samples from seven healthy adults over a period of 7 months. Large variations, both between and within individuals, were observed in concentrations of putrefactive products. Although values for ammonia, SCFAs, enzyme activities, moisture and pH were generally variable, significant person-to-person differences were observed. While ranges of log viable counts of the predominant bacteria such as eubacteria, bifidobacteria and bacteroides in each subject remained between 0.2 and 1.3, those of enterobacteria, streptococci (including enterococci) and lecithinase-negative clostridia varied between 0.4 and 3.0. Levels of bifidobacteria, enterobacteria, streptococci and total aerobic bacteria showed inter-individual variations. Correlations were found among certain of the parameters: moisture correlated negatively with p-cresol (r = -0.707), pH (r = -0.671) and beta-glucosidase activity (GS) (r = -0.608), and positively with acetic acid (r = 0.621), while negative correlations were observed in pH with acetic and butyric acids (r = -0.690 and -0.623, respectively). No significant correlations were found between bacterial compositions, and other faecal factors such as pH, moisture, metabolic enzyme activities and concentrations of putrefactive products.
Adult↗
Long-term administration of 4G-beta-D-galactosylsucrose (lactosucrose) enhances intestinal calcium absorption in young women: a randomized, placebo-controlled 96-wk study.
This study determined the effect of long-term administration of 4(G)-beta-D-galactosylsucrose (lactosucrose; LS) on intestinal calcium absorption. In a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study, LS (n=9, 6.0 g twice daily) or a placebo (maltose; n=8, 6.0 g twice daily) was administered to healthy young women for 92 wk: the study also included a 4-wk post-administration period. All participants completed the study. Dietary nutrient intake; fecal weight, pH, and moisture content; fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), putrefactive products, ammonia, and minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron); and serum calcium and osteocalcin concentrations were measured every 24 wk. Urinary pyridinoline (PYR) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and urinary calcium excretion were measured every 12 wk. Significant effects of oligosaccharide treatment, time, and the interaction between oligosaccharide treatment and time were observed for fecal pH, SCFA, ammonia, and putrefactive product values (p<0.05). Fecal pH, ammonia, and putrefactive product values decreased in the LS group, and the fecal SCFA concentration significantly increased during the administration period; these changes were not observed 4 wk post-administration. To examine the mineral balance of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in detail, all the participants completed a 6-d mineral balance study, sometime between week 56 and 60 of the longer study. During the mineral balance study, the daily calcium intake was set at 400 mg; all feces and urine were collected each day for 6 d after an 8-d acclimation period. In the balance study, fecal calcium excretion was significantly lower in the LS group than in the placebo group (p<0.05), and apparent calcium absorption and retention, apparent magnesium and phosphorus absorption, and magnesium retention were significantly higher in the LS group than in the placebo group (p<0.05). Our results suggest that the administration of LS produces a long-term enhancement of intestinal calcium absorption in healthy young women with lower than recommended calcium intakes.
Adult↗
[Ethanol distribution in body fluids in the human from a forensic medicine viewpoint. Prepared as an initial study].
A comparative study of ethanol concentration was performed in body fluids of corpses. One group consisted of dead bodies without sings of putrefaction (160 cases), and the second group included 60 cases with advanced putrefaction. In the first group the concentration of ethanol in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, vitreous humour, inner ear fluid and urine (in 147 cases) was determined, whereas in the second group blood and inner car fluid was examined. The observed differences in ethanol distribution in examined materials were the basis for the development of models of ethanol distribution in the body. Distinct relations between the ethanol concentrations in blood and other fluids allow to assess the blood ethanol concentration on the basis of examination of other materials. It is important in the cases when blood is not available and putrefactional changes of blood can be a reason of misinterpretations. Such assays appear to be useful in forensic assessment of drunkness.
Adolescent↗
Postmortem blood alcohol concentration.
The relation between the blood alcohol concentration and the vitreous humor alcohol concentration, blood propanol-1 concentration, and the signs of putrefaction of the body was described by a multiple regression equation. The calculations showed that the blood alcohol concentration increased 0.79/1000 when the vitreous humor alcohol concentration increased 1.00/1000, and that a blood propanol-1 content and signs of putrefaction had a significant influence on the postmortem ethanol concentration. The postmortem blood alcohol concentration increased 0.01/1000 in mean when the blood propanol-1 concentration increased 1 mg/kg, and increased 0.05/1000 when the body showed sign of putrefaction. The variance of the blood alcohol concentration between blood within the same body was independent of the ethanol concentration level. The pooled standard deviation was 0.05/1000.
1-Propanol↗
Ammonia determination as an early indicator in experimental superior mesenteric artery occlusion.
Superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) is often fatal. An indicator which enables the early diagnosis of SMAO is needed. As we think putrefaction products must appear and increase in the blood and ascites in SMAO, changes in the concentrations of ammonia, one of the putrefaction products, were measured in this study. Thirteen adult mongrel dogs were used for the in vitro experiment. The jejunum, ileum, and ascending colon were resected and incubated in saline. Changes in ammonia concentrations in the saline were examined at various incubation times. In the in vivo experiment, 11 mongrel dogs comprised the SMAO group and another 10 mongrel dogs comprised the control group. Changes in ammonia concentrations in the blood and ascites were examined in both groups. In the in vitro experiment, ammonia concentrations in the saline bath increased in all samples. It was highest in the sample from around the ascending colon, and lowest from around the jejunum. However, at the end of experiment, this difference became insignificant. In the in vivo experiment, ammonia concentrations in samples of the blood increased early and significantly in the SMAO group, compared with the control group. Ammonia concentrations in samples of the ascites also increased significantly. The in vitro experiment showed that ammonia leaked from the ischemic intestines, and secondarily, a large amount of ammonia was produced from intestinal putrefaction. The in vivo experiment revealed that the ammonia level in the blood could be used as a good early indicator of acute mesenteric ischemia.
Ammonia↗
Susceptibility of C5b-9(m) to postmortem changes.
C5b-9(m) is a specific and sensitive marker for myocardial cell necrosis. The diagnostic value of this marker would be considerably limited in forensic practice if its immuno-histochemical demonstration were hampered by putrefaction or autolysis. We could demonstrate C5b-9(m) immunohistochemically in necrotic myocardium due to infarction up to the 11th day of experimentally induced putrefaction and autolysis, when reliable demonstration of myocardial infarction with hematoxylin-eosin was no longer possible. Under the experimental conditions of this study, no false positive immunohistochemical staining occurred.
Bias↗
An experience of war surgery and wounds presenting after 3 days on the border of Afghanistan.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has run hospitals for the wounded of the conflict in Afghanistan since 1981. For political and geographical reasons the hospitals are situated in Pakistan, some distance from the fighting, and so the wounded may take many days to arrive. This has enabled a surgical team provided by the British Red Cross Society to observe wounds of varying age and degrees of putrefaction or healing. Twenty-nine (29) patients with wounds of 3 or more days are detailed. The old wounds showed a tendency either to putrefaction or healing and the surgical management had to be revised accordingly. Wounds sutured in the field tended to putrefy. Among the various problems, the most taxing and difficult were the cultural and religious objections to amputation. The ICRC is committed to providing surgical hospitals for the Afghan war wounded for as long as the conflict lasts. It has adapted the local facilities and staff to the particular political, geographical and cultural situation.
Adult↗