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Results for “Pain Perception”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Chronobiology of labour pain perception: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Circadian variation may affect many biological and pharmacological phenomena. METHODS: To assess circadian variations in labour pain perception, 222 consecutive nulliparous women with uncomplicated pregnancy, spontaneous labour, cervical dilatation (3-5 cm), ruptured membranes and normal fetal heart rate tracings were studied. Visual analogue pain scores (VAPS) were analysed and divided into four periods: night (1:01 a.m. to 7:00 a.m.), morning (7:01 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.), afternoon (1:01 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.) and evening (7:01 p.m. to 1:00 a.m.). VAPS were also compared between daytime (morning+afternoon) and nocturnal (evening+night) periods. RESULTS: Daytime mean VAPS were lower than nocturnal scores [75.6 (15.1) vs 85.7 (14.1), P<0.0001]. VAPS were lower in the morning than in the afternoon, evening and night periods (anova, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Labour pain perception appears to be chronobiological, and this might be taken into account when enrolling parturients in studies designed to assess or treat labour pain.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Acute and long-term VNS effects on pain perception in a case of treatment-resistant depression.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is approved by the FDA for treatment of both epilepsy and depression. Recent work has shown that VNS acutely affects pain perception in humans, actually increasing pain sensitivity momentarily while the device is firing. It is unclear how this acutely increased sensitivity might change over time with treatment and how it might relate to longer-term therapeutic effects of VNS on pain. We describe a patient with treatment-resistant depression and a history of severe lumbar degenerative disease with resultant chronic low back pain. His depression and pain symptoms both seemed to respond to VNS. He eventually stopped all medications and remained depression and pain free for 35 months with no change in his device settings. Sixty-six months after VNS implantation and 64 months after his initial clinical antidepressant response, under single-blind conditions, we performed quantitative sensory testing with laboratory thermal pain procedures during acute VNS-on and -off conditions. Interestingly, despite a significant and profound anti-nociceptive clinical response for the previous 35 months, he had significant increases in painfulness ratings while the VNS device was actively firing compared with device-off conditions. This case suggests that VNS-induced acute increases in pain sensitivity can coexist with a clinical anti-nociceptive response. If the acutely increased sensitivity sets the stage for the slower chronic anti-pain effects, the increased acute sensitivity does not disappear. Acute and chronic effects of VNS on pain perception merit further research.

Depression↗

PubMed1983

[Osteoarticular lesions in pain perception deficit disorders in children].

Deficiency of pain perception may be at the origin of bone and/or joint lesions. In children, these lesions frequent give rise to surprising and misleading radiological images as a result of the usual lack of immobilization due to a delayed diagnosis. Alterations in bone structure at the metaphyses and corticoperiosteal ossifications can suggest malignant affections. Trauma is generally the predominant factor in the etiology of these lesions.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Experimentally induced pain perception is acutely reduced by aerobic exercise in people with chronic low back pain.

This study examined whether subjects with chronic low back pain demonstrate exercise-induced analgesia to experimentally induced pressure pain. We employed a repeated measures design to study eight subjects with chronic low back pain (mean +/- standard deviation age = 40 +/- 10, duration of pain = 7 +/- 4 years). Pain ratings were measured immediately before and 2 minutes and 32 minutes after 25 minutes of cycle ergometry (5 minutes at 50% peak oxygen uptake, then 20 minutes at 70% peak oxygen uptake). We based the pain ratings on subject input on a visual analog scale at 10-second intervals during the 2-minute pressure pain stimulus to the nondominant index finger. Compared with preexercise values, pain ratings were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after exercise at both 2 and 32 minutes postexercise. We conclude that pressure pain perception can be reduced for more than 30 minutes following aerobic exercise from leg cycling among people with chronic low back pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Observations on pain perception and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Pain sensitivity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls (WKY) as well as in experimentally hypertensive Wistar rats has been studied. Results indicate a diminished responsiveness to noxious stimuli in SHR when compared with WKY. This hypoalgesia is altered neither by chronic treatment with the antihypertensive drugs hydralazine and captopril nor by the peripherally acting opiate antagonist N-methylnaloxone. Induction of renal and DOCA-salt hypertension in Wistar rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats did not affect nociceptive responsiveness. It is concluded that opiate receptors within the central nervous system are involved in the hypoalgesia in SHR and that pain perception appears to be dissociated from blood pressure regulation in the rat strains used.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Pain perception and expression: the influence of gender, personal self-efficacy, and lifespan socialization.

There are differences between males and females regarding the perception, expression, and tolerance of pain that stems from a variety of social and psychologic influences. Personal self-efficacy and lifespan socialization are two such influences, and they provide new dimensions for nurses to better understand the pain experience. This article will present a review of the literature regarding personal self-efficacy and lifespan socialization and their effects on pain perception and expression among males and females. Finally, nursing implications related to the topic will be discussed.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2000

Pain perception during self-reported distress and calmness in patients with borderline personality disorder and self-mutilating behavior.

Self-mutilation occurs in 70-80% of patients who meet DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder. Approximately 60% of these patients report that they do not feel pain during acts of self-mutilation such as cutting or burning. Findings of recent studies measuring pain perception in patients with BPD are difficult to interpret since variables such as distress, dissociation or relevant psychotropic medication have not been controlled. The Cold Pressor Test (CPT) and the Tourniquet Pain Test (TPT) were administered to 12 female patients with BPD who reported analgesia during self-mutilation and 19 age-matched healthy female control subjects. All subjects were free of psychotropic medication. The patients were studied on two occasions: during self-reported calmness and during intensive distress (strong urge to cut or burn themselves). Even during self-reported calmness, patients with BPD showed a significantly reduced perception of pain compared to healthy control subjects in both tests. During distress, pain perception in BPD patients was further significantly reduced as compared with self-reported calmness. The present findings show that self-mutilating patients with BPD who experience analgesia during self-injury show an increased threshold for pain perception even in the absence of distress. This may reflect a state-independent increased pain threshold which is further elevated during stress. Interpretation of these findings is limited by their reliance upon self-reports.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Abnormal cardiac pain perception in syndrome X.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a diminished cardiac pain threshold contributes to chest pain in patients with syndrome X. BACKGROUND: There have been some reports of an altered pain perception in syndrome X. METHODS: Intracardiac catheter manipulation was performed in four groups of patients (syndrome X [group 1, 36 patients]; mitral valve disease and normal coronary arteries [group 2, 36 patients]; mitral valve disease and coronary artery disease [group 3, 36 patients]; and heart transplant recipients with normal coronary arteries [group 4, 36 patients]). Coronary flow velocity was measured in patients with syndrome X and in transplant recipients by use of an intracoronary Doppler catheter positioned in the left anterior descending coronary artery at intracardiac catheter manipulation. Coronary flow reserve in response to papaverine was also measured in patients with syndrome X and in transplant recipients. RESULTS: Intracardiac stimulation produced typical anginal chest pain in 34 group 1 (syndrome X) patients (94%). However, chest pain was produced only in five patients (14%) in group 2, seven patients (19%) in group 3 and no patients in group 4. There were no significant changes in coronary blood flow velocity associated with chest pain in group 1 patients. Coronary flow reserve in response to a hyperemic dose of intracoronary papaverine was significantly lower in the syndrome X group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence with which the stimulation tests produced chest pain in patients with syndrome X with an impaired coronary flow reserve or a positive radionuclide scan. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that abnormal cardiac pain perception is a fundamental abnormality in syndrome X.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Flexible magnets are not effective in decreasing pain perception and recovery time after muscle microinjury.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effects of flexible magnets on pain perception, intramuscular swelling, range of motion, and muscular strength in individuals with a muscle microinjury. DESIGN AND SETTING: This experiment was a single-blind, placebo study using a repeated-measures design. Subjects performed an intense exercise protocol to induce a muscle microinjury. After pretreatment measurements were recorded, subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental (magnet), placebo (imitation magnet), or control (no magnet) group. Posttreatment measurements were repeated at 24, 48, and 72 hours. SUBJECTS: Forty-five healthy subjects participated in the study. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were measured repeatedly for pain perception, upper arm girth, range of motion, and static force production. Four separate univariate analyses of variances were used to reveal statistically significant mean (+/-SD) differences between variables over time. Interaction effects were analyzed using Scheffe post hoc analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant (P > .05) mean differences between conditions for any dependent pretreatment and posttreatment measurements. No significant interaction effects were demonstrated between conditions and times. CONCLUSIONS: No significant therapeutic effects on pain control and muscular dysfunction were observed in subjects wearing flexible magnets.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

The influence of postoperative telephone calls on pain perception: a study of 118 periodontal surgical procedures.

This age-matched and sex-matched study examined the influence of postoperative telephone calls on pain perception and on the number of analgesics used for pain relief. Adult periodontitis subjects (n = 118) received periodontal surgery after examination and sanative therapy (scaling, root planing, and removal of local irritants). All subjects received similar care, postoperative instructions, and medication, except 59 subjects were phoned 24 hours postoperative (PC group), and 59 were not (NC group). Callers covered 10 points and were reassuring and positive about surgical outcomes. One week postoperative, subjects completed a questionnaire that rated pain intensity on a visual analogue scale and indicated the number of pills used and whether they had been called. Pain and analgesics used were significantly decreased in the PC group (P < 0.001) compared to the NC group. A significant positive correlation was found between pain and pills used in the groups combined (r = 0.79, P < 0.001 PC + NC), and in the groups separately (r = 0.50, P < 0.001 PC; r = 0.41, P < 0.01 NC). Postoperative communication between healthcare providers and patients significantly reduces pain perception and number of analgesics used for relief.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Hemispheric activation, affective judgments, and pain perception.

This study utilized a unique contact lens method to examine the influence of right hemisphere processing on affective judgments and pain perception. Under conditions of unilateral visual stimulation, participants completed affective ratings of films and underwent a cold pressor pain task. The goal was to examine differences in affective judgments of films projected to one or the other hemisphere and to examine the influence of this unilateral visual stimulation on pain sensitivity. The results failed to replicate a previous finding of differential affective judgments under conditions of right and left visual stimulation. Nonetheless, in female subjects, unilateral visual stimulation was significantly associated with pain lateralization. This finding is discussed in terms of attentional processes in pain perception and limitations of the current lens design.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Pain perception during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy: an objective analysis of local anesthesia use.

We assessed the effect of periprostatic nerve blockade during transrectal ultrasound of the prostate prior to obtaining systematic needle biopsies and the discomfort associated with this procedure. A prospective randomized study was performed on 100 men requiring systematic needle biopsy of the prostate. Patients were assigned to two groups: Group 1 received no local anesthesia and Group 2 received a periprostatic injection of 5 ml 1% lidocaine solution (2.5 ml bilaterally) prior to undergoing biopsy of the prostate. The patients were asked to respond to a pre- and post-procedural questionnaire which consisted of four questions designed to evaluate pain perception and pain experienced, respectively, during the entire procedure. Mean pain scores for Group 1 responses vs Group 2 responses were not statistically different for any of the pre-procedural questions. Post-procedural pain scores were significantly lower in Group 2 vs Group 1 (control) for questions 1 and 3: question 1 (2.6+/-1.8 vs 3.8+/-1.8, P<0.05), question 2 (3.0+/-1.9 vs 3.7+/-2.1, P=0.14). Question 3 (2.8+/-2.0 vs 4.3+/-1.9, P<0.05), and question 4 (1.6+/-2.4 vs 2.1+/-2.6, P=0.38). During the study, no patient from Group 2 experienced any adverse reaction from the injection. Our data suggest that periprostatic nerve blockade during transrectal ultrasound of the prostate results in less patient discomfort.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Pain perception in children during caries removal with the Vector system: a pilot study.

AIM: A pilot study to compare pain perception during caries treatment in children by means of: the Vector system versus a mechanical method. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A population of 31 children, aged 7-11 years, with a positive attitude towards dental treatment was recruited. Every child had two permanent molar teeth treated, one using the Vector system (piezo-driven ultrasonic device) and the other using conventional method (dental bur). Corah, Hochman and the visual scale (Facial Expression Scale) were applied to evaluate anxiety and pain perception. RESULTS: Treatment with the Vector system required significantly longer time 31.1 versus 4.7 mins for the conventional method. With the Vector system 54.8% of children and with conventional method 29.0% felt no pain. Girls admitted to feeling more pain than boys (verbal scale p < 0.018, visual scale p < 0.072). A high statistical correlation between verbal and visual scales was confirmed (r = 0.821; p < 0.001 and a greater level of pain was found using conventional method. CONCLUSIONS: The Vector system is useful in treating caries in children, because it minimizes the negative attitudes to pain but takes significantly longer to use.

Air Abrasion, Dental↗

PubMed1986

A tetrapeptide isolated from hamster embryo with central opiate properties on gastrointestinal motility but not on pain perception.

The effects of centrally administered kentsin (H-Thr-Pro-Arg-Lys-OH) on intestinal motility and on pain perception were investigated in rats chronically equipped with lateral ventricle catheters. Intestinal motility was recorded electromyographically from electrodes placed on the duodeno-jejunum; analgesia was evaluated by the hot-plate and tail-flick tests. Kentsin (4.0 ug/kg), injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) 2 hours after the beginning of a meal, restores the "fasted" i.e. the migrating myoelectric complex of intestinal motility, while a 5 times higher dose administered subcutaneously was inactive. The ICV effect of kentsin was blocked by previous ICV administration of naloxone (400 ug/kg). In contrast, kentsin administered ICV (40 ug/kg) or SC (200 ug/kg) did not affect significantly (P greater than 0.05) the time latency in the two analgesic tests during 90 minutes after its administration and did not significantly modify the analgesic effects of (D5-Ala2, Met5) enkephalinamide. We conclude that kentsin when centrally administered acts on opiate receptors to alter gastrointestinal motility but without effects on pain perception.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Impact of age on pain perception and analgesic pharmacology].

INFLUENCE OF AGING ON PAIN: Although pain affects a large majority of the elderly population living in the community and in institutions, our knowledge of the evolution of pain experience with age is poor. Results of clinical surveys and experimental pain studies are contradictory, showing no change, an increase, or a decrease of pain with age. Many results suggest a decrease of pain perception with age that could be explained by peripheral and central neuroanatomical aging and psychological changes of the aging patient towards pain. INFLUENCE OF AGE ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF ANALGESICS: Biological aging added to multiple pathologies and polymedication explains the pharmacological changes of analgesics. Among pharmacokinetic changes that are globally well known, vigilance must focus on renal excretion of analgesics and their metabolites and on the increased risk of side-effects and drug interactions. Information on pharmacodynamic changes of analgesics are scarce in aging patients who are susceptible to drugs and which demographical trend increases. PERSPECTIVES: A better fundamental knowledge of the evolution of pain with age could help to improve care in the elderly with pain, especially in very old subjects with cognitive impairment and loss of communication skills, where pain evaluation is particularly difficult. Also, more research is needed on the pharmacodynamics of analgesics in older subjects, with a view of a decreased iatrogenic risk, a better pain treatment and quality of life of the elderly.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1999

Laminectomy for 34 dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease and loss of deep pain perception.

The case details and the results of treatment of 34 dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease, without deep pain perception, that had been treated by laminectomy and fenestration, are presented. The association of a number of potential prognostic factors with the neurological outcome is examined. Twenty-one dogs (62 per cent) recovered neurological function, seven (21 per cent) failed to recover neurological function and three (9 per cent) developed progressive myelomalacia postoperatively, while three dogs (9 per cent) were euthanized intraoperatively because of diffuse myelomalacia. Twenty of the dogs that recovered neurological function showed a return of deep pain perception within two weeks of decompressive surgery. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the outcome between dogs that took less than one hour to lose the ability to ambulate and dogs with a longer duration of onset of inability to ambulate. The extent of spinal cord swelling determined by myelography was not found to be a useful prognostic indicator.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Influence of oral contraceptive use on pain perception and blood pressure.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of oral contraceptive (OC) use on pain perception and blood pressure. Thirty women (15 using OC and 15 normally menstruating) reported to the laboratory once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed, and then pressure was applied to the left forefinger for 2 minutes with the Forgione-Barber pain stimulator while participants indicated when the stimulus became painful (PT) and rated the intensity of pain (PR). Data were analyzed with a 2 (group) x 4 (trials) ANOVA. Results indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) for PT or PR between the two groups of women across the 4 weeks. There was a significant trials effect for systolic blood pressure (SBP; P < 0.05), with SBP being higher premenstrually and menstrually compared with postmenstrually in both groups of women. It is concluded that OC use did not significantly influence pain perception or blood pressure.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Reproducibility of pain measurement and pain perception.

The reproducibility of both the conscious experience of pain and the reproducibility of psychophysical assessments of pain remain critical, yet poorly characterized factors in pain research and treatment. To assess the reproducibility of both the pain experience and two methods of pain assessment, 15 subjects evaluated experimental heat pain during four weekly sessions. In each session, both brief (5s) and prolonged (90s) heat stimuli were utilized to determine effects of stimulus duration on reproducibility. Multiple presentations of the brief heat stimuli in each session were used to evaluate effects of response averaging. Both visual analog scales (VAS) and randomized verbal descriptor scales (VDS) were employed to better distinguish variations in the pain experience from variations in pain scale usage. Subjects also rated the intensity of visual stimuli in order to provide an independent assessment of the session-to-session variation in the use of both types of scales. Within-subjects analyses revealed that ratings of visual stimuli exhibited significantly less session-to-session variation than ratings of heat pain. Thus, pain perceptions were more variable than perceptions of visual stimuli after controlling for session-to-session variations in scale usage. Comparisons between scales indicated that intensity ratings acquired with the VAS had significantly smaller session-to-session variation than those acquired with the VDS, although VDS ratings were spread across a larger range of the scale. For both scales, analyses of the effects of stimulus averaging and stimulus duration revealed that averaging multiple assessments of the same stimulus substantially reduces session-to-session variation and that multiple assessments of brief stimuli produce responses which are more reproducible than a single presentation of a prolonged stimulus. However, the VAS was significantly more sensitive to small differences in perceived pain intensity and pain unpleasantness, and did not exhibit some of the order effects present with the VDS. Taken together, these results indicate that the reproducibility of psychophysical ratings of pain can be maximized: (1) by averaging responses to multiple, brief stimuli; (2) by providing subjects with a training period distinct from the study period; and (3) by ensuring that interpretation of scale parameters remains constant over time. Thus, although the experiences of both experimental and clinical pain are highly variable, pain assessment procedures can be structured to minimize session-to-session variability.

Adult↗