[The effect of athletic education on the physical development, functional condition and sporting performance in the yougth aged 10-12 years].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Child↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Physical Functional Performance”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Functional status of respiratory muscles and physical endurance among women under prolonged hypokinesia].
Validity of the hypothesis for the role of the respiratory muscles in deterioration of physical work capacity following long-term hypokinesia was tested. Experiments were performed with participation of 8 female subjects aged from 27 to 36 years in the 120-day head-down bed rest. Physical performance and functional status of the respiratory muscles have been determined during incremental loading on bicycle ergometer with normal respiration and breathing against additional external resistance. Functional deficit of the respiratory muscles due to long-term bed rest was shown not to allow adequate ventilation and gas exchange at submaximal loads. This resulted in dyspnea, hypoventilation-induced decrease in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release, hypercapnia, and lowered threshold of anaerobic metabolism which, in parallel with the deconditioning of the cardiovascular system and the skeletal anti-g musculature, were responsible for degradation of aerobic physical work capacity.
Adult↗
Impact of Muscle Quality on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Beyond Muscle Mass or Diabetes Status.
BACKGROUND: Muscle quality, represented by myosteatosis, is recognized as an important factor in sarcopenia. In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between myosteatosis, muscle strength and physical performance among the elderly South Korean population. METHODS: We included 1440 participants (mean age 62.7 ± 6.2 years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Based on the computed tomography attenuation of mid-thigh imaging, the total muscle area (TMA), normal-attenuation muscle area (NAMA), low-attenuation muscle area (LAMA) and inter-intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and its indices were used to evaluate myosteatosis. Muscle strength was evaluated using hand grip strength, whereas physical performance was evaluated through 4-m gait speed, a 30-s sit-to-stand test and 2-min walking test. RESULTS: Of the 1440 patients, 51.5% were women, and 37.2% had diabetes. With aging, the LAMA index gradually increased, and the NAMA index gradually decreased in both men and women (p for trend < 0.001). The NAMA index was positively associated, whereas the LAMA and IMAT indices were negatively associated with muscle strength and physical performance after adjusting for age and sex. Higher tertiles of the NAMA index were consistently associated with improved physical performance across all appendicular skeletal muscle tertiles. The relationship between the NAMA index or LAMA index and muscle strength and physical performance did not differ according to diabetic status. Regular exercise was associated with a higher NAMA index and a lower LAMA index in the non-diabetic group; however, no significant difference in muscle quality was observed in the diabetic group in relation to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced myosteatosis was positively associated with greater muscle strength and better physical performance in both men and women, regardless of muscle mass or diabetes status; improving myosteatosis may be a therapeutic target for the prevention of sarcopenia.
Humans↗
Late physical and functional effects of osteoporotic fracture in women: the Rancho Bernardo Study.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between osteoporotic fractures and difficulty performing selected physical and functional activities. DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of a cohort study. SETTING: Geographically defined cohort located in Rancho Bernardo, California. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling women aged 55 and older who participated in a study of osteoporosis between 1988-1991. Eighty percent of eligible women participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported difficulty performing seven physical activities and four functional tasks. RESULTS: The mean age of the 1010 women was 72.6 years. A total of 160 first minimal trauma fractures occurred between 1972 and 1991, including 62 wrist, 29 rib, 25 hip, and 23 spine fractures. The mean time since fracture was 6.7 years (range, 1 to 17 years). In multiply adjusted analyses, having experienced any osteoporotic fracture was significantly associated with a 1.7 to 3.0-fold increase in difficulty bending, lifting, reaching, walking, climbing stairs, and descending stairs. Any fracture was significantly associated with 1.9 to 6.7 times more difficulty in dressing, cooking, shopping, and performing heavy housework. Compared with the relative odds of physical limitation associated with any osteoporotic fracture, hip fractures were more strongly associated with difficulty walking (OR 3.6) and descending stairs (OR 4.1), whereas spine fractures demonstrated a stronger association with difficulty bending (OR 3.1), lifting (OR 3.4), and descending stairs (OR 4.2). CONCLUSIONS: Among older women, remote osteoporotic fracture at any site is associated with an approximate doubling of the risk of physical limitations and an even higher risk of functional limitations. Although this cross-sectional analysis cannot secure the direction of the association, the specificity of the effect of particular fractures on discrete activities supports causality.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Development of a lateral mobility task to identify individuals at risk for mobility disability and functional decline.
Lateral mobility is integral to many activities of daily living involving transfer from one position to another. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity and test-retest reliability of a lateral-mobility (LATMOB) task for older adults. Measurements of lateral mobility, balance, and strength and self-reported and performance-based physical functioning were obtained in 63 women and 77 men > or = 50 years of age. The LATMOB task was significantly correlated with age, knee-extensor strength, grip strength, functional reach, and one-leg-stance time. Test-retest reliability of the task was excellent. The LATMOB task was highly correlated with the car task. Balance was significantly correlated with time to get into and out of a car and performance on the LATMOB task. The LATMOB task was significantly correlated with the Short Physical Performance Battery score. The LATMOB task is valid and reliable, but additional work is needed to assess its sensitivity to change and predictive validity.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Recovery after allogeneic marrow transplantation: prospective study of predictors of long-term physical and psychosocial functioning.
No prospective data have documented the physical and psychosocial functioning of patients before and after BMT. In this study 67 allogeneic transplant patients completed standardized self-report measures pre-transplant. Survivors were re-assessed at 90 days (n = 34) and 1 year (n = 31) post-transplant. Telephone interviews established 4-year work history and performance status. Physical function was most impaired at 90 days post-transplant, with a return to pre-transplant levels of functioning by 1 year in most areas. By 2 years post-transplant, 68% of patients had returned to full-time work. Only 9% of 4-year survivors failed to return to full-time occupations. Mean levels of anxiety and depression did not change over the first year. Pre-transplant, 27% of patients reported depression and 41% reported elevated anxiety. Greater emotional distress at 1 year was predicted by pre-transplant family conflict, non-married status and development of less severe chronic GVHD. Impaired physical recovery at 1 year was predicted by more severe chronic GVHD, pre-transplant physical impairment and family conflict. The large majority of long-term survivors returned to full-time employment with normal physical and psychosocial functioning, although recovery took longer than 1 year for approximately 40%. Family relationships were important determinants of physical and emotional recovery.
Adult↗
The burden of illness associated with headache disorders among young adults in a representative cohort study.
This study investigated the functional impairment (work and social functioning and general health status) associated with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) among young adult members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Using criteria based on the International Headache Society classificatory system, the 1-year prevalence for migraine headache was 7.4%, TTH was 11.1%, and combined headache (coexisting migraine and TTH) was 4.3%. All comparisons were against a health control group (headache free) and a diagnostic control group (individuals without headache currently using medication for asthma). Although those suffering from migraine and combined headache had the most severe impairment in work- and social-related activities, those with TTH reported significantly poorer social and mental health functioning and poorer emotional and physical functioning while performing everyday roles than did headache-free controls. Study members with combined headache had the poorest self-reported health, with significantly lower ratings on physical, vitality, and mental health measures than asthmatics currently using medication. The pervasive impairment reported across multiple life domains among young headache sufferers illustrates the significant burden of illness associated with headache disorders.
Adult↗
Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older.
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease and other dementing disorders are major sources of morbidity and mortality in aging societies. Proven strategies to delay onset or reduce risk for dementing disorders would be greatly beneficial. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether regular exercise is associated with a reduced risk for dementia and Alzheimer disease. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington. PARTICIPANTS: 1740 persons older than age 65 years without cognitive impairment who scored above the 25th percentile on the Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI) in the Adult Changes in Thought study and who were followed biennially to identify incident dementia. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline measurements, including exercise frequency, cognitive function, physical function, depression, health conditions, lifestyle characteristics, and other potential risk factors for dementia (for example, apolipoprotein E epsilon4); biennial assessment for dementia. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (SD, 2.0), 158 participants developed dementia (107 developed Alzheimer disease). The incidence rate of dementia was 13.0 per 1000 person-years for participants who exercised 3 or more times per week compared with 19.7 per 1000 person-years for those who exercised fewer than 3 times per week. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio of dementia was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86; P = 0.004). The interaction between exercise and performance-based physical function was statistically significant (P = 0.013). The risk reduction associated with exercise was greater in those with lower performance levels. Similar results were observed in analyses restricted to participants with incident Alzheimer disease. LIMITATIONS: Exercise was measured by self-reported frequency. The study population had a relatively high proportion of regular exercisers at baseline. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that regular exercise is associated with a delay in onset of dementia and Alzheimer disease, further supporting its value for elderly persons.
Age of Onset↗
The impact of endometriosis upon quality of life: a qualitative analysis.
OBJECTIVE: to explore and describe the impact of endometriosis upon quality of life. SETTING: Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford. DESIGN: qualitative study. SAMPLE: twenty-four women with a laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis. METHODS: face to face, individual, in-depth interviews. RESULTS: analysis of the data revealed 15 descriptive categories. Pain, physical functioning, role performance, social functioning, emotional well-being, relationship with the medical profession, treatment, sexual intercourse, energy and vitality, employment and infertility were found to be a particular concern for women with endometriosis. Physical appearance, lack of control and powerlessness, feelings of social isolation and concerns that their daughters might develop endometriosis were new areas found to be negatively affected by the condition. CONCLUSIONS: the impact of endometriosis-associated symptoms upon quality of life is multidimensional and more complex than just negatively affecting psychosocial parameters. Conducting in-depth interviews to explore the subjective experiences of patients with endometriosis enabled the diverse areas of quality of life to be identified. Adopting a qualitative methodology is essential for item generation on disease specific health status questionnaires.
Adult↗
Micronutrient dilution associated with added sugar intake in elderly black South African women.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between added sugar and macronutrient and micronutrient intakes, and to assess whether added sugar intake is related to biochemical indices of nutritional status, Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, body mass index (BMI) and performance on physical function tests. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, analytical study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Convenient sample of 285 institutionalised and community-dwelling black South African men and women aged 60+ y. METHODS: An interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recall and MNA were performed. Serum albumin, vitamin B12, ferritin, cholesterol, haemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) folate and plasma vitamin C were measured. Handgrip strength, BMI, 'sit-to-stand' and 'get-up-and-go' tests were measured. Outcome variables were analysed according to tertiles of added sugar, in grams and as a percentage of total energy (% E). RESULTS: In each tertile of sugar intake, mean MNA score fell in the 'at-risk' classification. In women, energy, protein, % E protein, fibre, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin C, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and selenium intake were significantly lowest in subjects in the highest % E sugar tertile. In men, no differences were found for micronutrient intake according to tertiles of total added sugar or % E added sugar. Physical function declined with increasing sugar intake, and suboptimal RBC folate and plasma ascorbic acid status was associated with increasing sugar intake (in women). No relationship was found between added sugar intake and the very high prevalence (65%) of obesity in women. CONCLUSION: A nutrient-diluting effect of added sugars intake was demonstrated in elderly black South African women. Further studies in this population are required in order to develop food-based dietary guidelines, which include messages on added sugar intake.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Vertical ground reaction force feedback to enhance stroke patients' symmetrical body-weight distribution while rising/sitting down.
A force platform with an auditory output consisting of two electronic balances was used to reinforce symmetrical body-weight distribution in stroke patients. Forty patients randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group practised rising and sitting down for 15 min, thrice daily, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The experimental group but not the control group received ground reaction force feedback through the auditory output. Vertical ground reaction forces under each foot were measured with two force plates. Mean difference in improvement of body weight distribution on the paretic leg was 13.2 +/- 10.7 (M, SD) per cent total body weight in the experimental group and 5.1 +/- 6.7 per cent in the control group in rising (p < 0.01) and 12.7 +/- 7.5 per cent total body weight and 4.6 +/- 6.6 per cent in sitting down tests (p < 0.001). The patients in the experimental group achieved in average close to a symmetrical body-weight distribution while rising and sitting down. Improvements in physical performance and sit-stand tests were greater in the experimental group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). No differences were seen in improvement in performance of activities of daily living. Symmetry in body-weight distribution in rising and sitting down correlated with high scores in physical performance, motor function in rising, and with functional ability.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle.
In spite of the widespread abuse of androgenic steroids by athletes and recreational body-builders, the effects of these agents on athletic performance and physical function remain poorly understood. Experimentally induced androgen deficiency is associated with a loss of fat-free mass; conversely, physiologic testosterone replacement of healthy, androgen-deficient men increases fat-free mass and muscle protein synthesis. Testosterone supplementation of HIV-infected men with low testosterone levels and of older men with normally low testosterone concentrations also increases muscle mass. However, we do not know whether physiologic testosterone replacement can improve physical function and health-related quality of life, and reduce the risk of falls and disability in older men or those with chronic illness. Testosterone increases maximal voluntary strength in a dose-dependent manner and thus might improve performance in power-lifting events. However, testosterone has not been shown to improve performance in endurance events. The mechanisms by which testosterone increases muscle mass are not known, but probably involve alterations in the expression of multiple muscle growth regulators.
Adult↗
Performance after surgical treatment of patients with ankle fractures--14-month follow-up.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few studies have been published that extensively evaluate physical outcome after ankle fractures. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge of how physical outcome correlates with subjective assessments of symptoms and function after ankle fracture. The purpose of the present study was to investigate outcome after surgical treatment of patients with ankle fracture and to study how well the experience of symptoms and function correlated with the results of clinical physical tests. METHOD: The study used a retrospective cross-sectional study design. Fifty-four patients, aged 17-64 years, were evaluated 14 months post-operatively. Evaluation included a questionnaire containing the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) (Olerud and Molander, 1984) and some additional questions. Patients were also called for a physical and radiographic examination. RESULTS: The median OMAS obtained was 75 (range 10-100). Only 10 (19%) of the patients reported complete recovery and 16 (30%) scored > or = 90, indicating good function. The results of the following clinical tests were correlated with OMAS: loaded dorsal extension; ankle circumference; number of toe and heel rises; and single-limb stance. Those who showed poorer results in physical outcome on the affected side had lower OMAS. No ankles with clear mechanical instability were found, although almost half the patients experienced functional instability that, in turn, was associated with decreased total OMAS. CONCLUSIONS: Both subjectively scored function and physical performance after surgically treated ankle fractures indicated poor results. One reason for this might be insufficient rehabilitation.
Adolescent↗
Performance-based methods for measuring the physical function of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a systematic review of measurement properties.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the measurement properties (i.e. internal consistency, reproducibility, validity, responsiveness and interpretability) of all performance-based methods which have been used to measure the physical function of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Embase. Standardized criteria were applied to assess the quality of the clinimetric studies and the measurement properties. RESULTS: Twenty-six performance-based methods were included: 13 walking tests, two stair-climb tests, one chair test and ten multi-item tests. Three out of seven multi-activity tests were tested for internal consistency and two were rated positively. Fourteen tests were tested for reliability and five were rated positively. The absolute measurement error (agreement) was assessed for 10 tests. Only one test received a positive rating. Fourteen tests were tested for construct validity. Only two tests received positive ratings. Responsiveness was assessed for 12 tests, but none of them received a positive rating. A lot of indeterminate ratings were given, mostly for small studies or non-optimal analyses. CONCLUSION: Many more well-designed studies are needed to assess the measurement properties of performance-based methods. More importantly, however, before one can make a justified choice of a particular performance-based method, consensus is needed on what activities should be included in a performance-based test for patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis and which aspects of function should be measured.
Exercise Test↗
Measuring and managing pain and performance.
Pain and movement dysfunction are invariant sensory and motor expressions of health disorders. They are also complex, inter-related problems and may be accompanied by fatigue and depressed mood. Optimum management is predicated on the appropriate selection, application and interpretation of assessment measures. Research on pain and physical function using physical performance tests has shown that regardless of whether pain and impairment is a consequence of musculo-skeletal injury or systemic disease such as cancers, pain-free individuals outperform those with pain in terms of movement speed and endurance ability across a variety of performance tests (e.g. walk and reach tests, and repeated sit-to-stand and trunk flexion tests). Slow movements are characterized by fractionated and extraneous movement patterns. They are also associated with a relatively high level of muscle activity (amplitude and duration) throughout the task compared to fast movements. Slow movements are also relatively inefficient in terms of physiological energy and time burden. For a similar level of effort, individuals with pain are able to perform significantly less work. Our research has shown that individuals with pain move slower across a range of self-selected movement speeds i.e. slow, preferred and fast speeds. It is also apparent that patients systematically over estimate expected pain during task performance at faster speeds. Preliminary work using speed targeted treatment shows promise in terms of improving physical performance and reducing the burden of illness and physical dysfunction.
Humans↗
Community rehabilitation for older adults with osteoarthritis of the lower limb: a controlled clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a 12-month community-based water exercise programme on measures of self-reported health and physical function in people aged over 60 years old with knee-hip osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design consisting of an exercise group and an age-matched control group. SETTING: Public community swimming pool in Sheffield, UK. SUBJECTS: One hundred and six community-dwelling sedentary older people, with confirmed knee-hip osteoarthritis, enrolled in an experimental controlled trial for 12 months. Sixty-six subjects in the exercise group were offered a water-exercise programme. Forty age-matched, nonexercising, 'control' subjects received monthly education material and quarterly telephone calls. INTERVENTIONS: Participants in the exercise group were asked to attend two exercise sessions a week of 1 hour duration led by specially trained swimming instructors. MAIN MEASURES: Primary outcome measure was the disease-specific Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes included a battery of performance-based physical function tests. RESULTS: Adherence to exercise averaged 70% (+/- 14%) over the year: 77% of the exercising subjects and 89% control subjects completed both pre- and post-outcome measures. After one year, participants in the exercise group experienced a significant improvement in physical function (4.0 +/- 9.1 versus -0.4 +/- 7.3 units; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-7.96, p < 0.05) and reduction in the perception of pain (1.3 +/- 3.7 versus 0.2 +/- 2.5 units; 95% CI -0.19-2.52, p < 0.05) compared with the control group, as measured by the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. In addition, the exercise group performed significantly better in the ascending and descending stairs tests (p < 0.05), had significantly greater improvements in knee range of movement (p < 0.01) and hip range of movements (p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in the two groups for quadriceps muscle strength and psychosocial well-being (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 questionnaire). CONCLUSIONS: Older people with knee/hip osteoarthritis gained modest improvements in measures of physical function, pain, general mobility and flexibility after participating in 12 months of community-based water exercise.
Aged↗
The Arthritis, Diet and Activity Promotion Trial (ADAPT): design, rationale, and baseline results.
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee leads to restrictions of physical activity and ability to perform activities of daily living. Obesity is a risk factor for knee OA and it appears to exacerbate knee pain and disability. The Arthritis, Diet, and Activity Promotion Trial (ADAPT) was developed to test the efficacy of lifestyle behavioral changes on physical function, pain, and disability in obese, sedentary older adults with knee OA. This controlled trial randomized 316 sedentary overweight and obese older adults in a two-by-two factorial design into one of four 18-month duration intervention groups: Healthy Lifestyle Control; Dietary Weight Loss; Structured Exercise; or Combined Exercise and Dietary Weight Loss. The weight-loss goal for the diet groups was a 5% loss at 18 months. The intervention was modeled from principles derived from the group dynamics literature and social cognitive theory. Exercise training consisted of aerobic and strength training for 60 minutes, three times per week in a group and home-based setting. The primary outcome measure was self-report of physical function using the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index. Other measurements included timed stair climb, distance walked in 6 minutes, strength, gait, knee pain, health-related quality of life, knee radiographs, body weight, dietary intake, and cost-effectiveness of the interventions. We report baseline data stratified by level of overweight and obesity focusing on self-reported physical function and physical performance tasks. The results from ADAPT will provide approaches clinicians should recommend for behavioral therapies that effectively reduce the incidence of disability associated with knee OA.
Body Mass Index↗
Sociodemographic factors and quality of life as prognostic indicators in head and neck cancer.
Pre-treatment quality of life (QOL) has been found to be an independent prognostic factor for survival in cancer patients, in particular in patients with advanced cancer. Sociodemographic factors such as marital and socioeconomic status have also been recognised as prognostic factors. We studied the influence of QOL and mood (measured with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Head and Neck Cancer Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H&N35), and with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D)) as measured before treatment, the use of cigarettes and alcohol and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, income and occupation) on recurrence and survival in 208 patients with head and neck cancer prior to treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy, using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Cognitive functioning and, to a lesser degree, marital status were independent predictors of recurrence and survival, along with medical factors (stage and radicality). Patients with less than optimal cognitive functioning and unmarried patients had a relative risk (RR) of recurrence of 1.72 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-2.93) and 1.85 (95% CI 1.06-3.33), respectively, and a RR of dying of 1.90 (95% CI 1.10-3.26) and 1.82 (95% CI 1.03-3.23), respectively. Performance status, physical functioning, mood and global QOL and smoking and drinking did not predict for recurrence and survival. The influence of cognitive functioning might be related to the use of alcohol. Marital status may influence prognosis through mechanisms of health behaviour and/or social support mechanisms.
Alcohol Drinking↗