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Results for “Questionnaire Design”

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PubMed1997

The impact of chronic urticaria on the quality of life.

The impact of chronic urticaria (CU) on the quality of life is undocumented. We assessed quality of life in patients with CU, including patients with associated delayed pressure urticaria (DPU). One hundred and forty-two out-patients completed self-administered questionnaires: a disease-specific, purpose designed questionnaire, and the Nottingham health profile (NHP). Many patients reported problems attributable to their skin condition in facets of everyday life including home management, personal care, recreation and social interaction, mobility, emotional factors, sleep, rest and work. The NHP part I scores showed restriction in the areas of mobility, sleep, energy, and demonstrated pain, social isolation and altered emotional reactions. Part II of the NHP showed that patients experienced difficulties in relation to work, looking after the home, social life, home relationships, sex life, hobbies and holidays. The patients with DPU had significantly more problems with mobility, gardening and choice of clothing than the uncomplicated CU patients. They also suffered more pain, had more problems with work and were more restricted in their hobbies.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2003

Validation of a self-reported questionnaire assessing adherence to antiretroviral medication.

The aim of this study was to verify the validity of a new self-reported questionnaire designed to assess nonadherence to antiretroviral medication among patients with HIV. Two hundred fifty-six patients from four clinics participated in a prospective longitudinal study. The questionnaire was designed to measure if patients with HIV were taking less than the total number of antiretroviral pills prescribed by their physician. Change in viral load was used as the criterion for validity analyses. Self-reported adherence, viral load and CD4 cell count were assessed at T0 (baseline), T3 (3-month), and T6 (6-month). The findings indicated that the questionnaire had adequate validity (sensitivity, 71%; specificity, 72%; correct classification, 72%; odd ratio, 6.15). These best values were obtained when the analyses excluded individuals with an unstable viral load and a CD4 cell count of less than 200 copies per milliliter over the 6-month follow-up period. This study has shown that this questionnaire has satisfactory psychometric qualities to assess nonadherence to antiretroviral medication among patients with HIV. The questionnaire is brief, simple, and can be used in both clinical or research settings regardless of the patients' antiretroviral regimens.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Measuring the prevalence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness in children.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an asthma prevalence video questionnaire (involving the audiovisual presentation of clinical asthma), a standard written questionnaire (based on the IUATLD Bronchial Symptoms Questionnaire) and a new written questionnaire (designed for an international study of asthma and allergies in childhood [ISAAC]) in predicting bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) (PD20 < or = 7.8 mumol methacholine). METHODS: The IUATLD and video questionnaires were administered to 193 schoolchildren (13-16 years). The ISAAC questionnaire was administered to 87 of these children. All children subsequently underwent bronchial challenge to methacholine. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity for predicting BHR were similar for individual questions from the IUATLD and video questionnaires. The video questions with the highest Youden's index related to moderate wheezing at rest (0.46), severe wheezing at rest (0.38), and nocturnal wheezing (0.37). The ISAAC questionnaire was similar in effectiveness to the IUATLD questionnaire in predicting BHR. CONCLUSIONS: The video questionnaire is a valid method of assessing the prevalence of BHR, and may be particularly useful when comparing populations with differing languages and cultures. Some video questions appeared more effective than others in relation to predicting BHR. A new written questionnaire (ISAAC) designed for a large international asthma prevalence study in children also is an effective method for measuring the prevalence of BHR.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Parental perception of the quality of life among children with epilepsy or diabetes with a new assessment questionnaire.

This paper describes the evaluation of a newly designed questionnaire to assess the quality of life among children with epilepsy or diabetes. Factor analysis identified one factor, the impact on the parents and the family, which was responsible for over a third of the variance in the two illness groups. Two other factors, impact on development and impact on health, were also found in the epilepsy group. The questionnaire discriminates well between children with epilepsy or diabetes, showing that the former is more affected than the latter. Children with more severe epilepsy are seen by parents to have a worse quality of life than children whose epilepsy is well controlled.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMed2000

What do children with cystic fibrosis and their parents know about nutrition and pancreatic enzymes?

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development and validation of questionnaires designed to assess nutrition and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy knowledge and cystic fibrosis self-management skills, and the results obtained when the questionnaires were used. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using validated questionnaires to interview the respondents. The outcome measures were scores for knowledge, appropriate and inappropriate self-management, and Socioeconomic Index. SUBJECTS: Forty-two children with cystic fibrosis aged 6 to 11 years and 55 caregivers of 2 to 11-year-old patients of the Princess Margaret Hospital Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Perth, Australia. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Descriptive statistics and correlations between scores were used for statistical analyses. Associations between knowledge scores were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine the associations between knowledge and self-management scores and socioeconomic index. RESULTS: Children's and caregivers' mean knowledge scores were 63% and 85%, respectively. Mean appropriate and inappropriate self-management scores for children were 55% and 21%, respectively, and for the caregivers were 74% and 32%, respectively. There was a statistically significant (P < .05) positive association between caregivers' and children's knowledge (r = 0.32), and children's knowledge and appropriate self-management scores (r = 0.41); and a statistically significant negative association between caregivers' knowledge and inappropriate self-management scores (r = -0.35); and no statistically significant associations between Socioeconomic Index and children's and caregivers' knowledge and self-management scores. APPLICATIONS: This study identified areas in which the nutrition knowledge of children with cystic fibrosis and their caregivers needs to be enhanced to increase the likelihood that optimum dietary and pancreatic enzyme therapy is achieved. The questionnaires that were developed for the study could be refined and used in the clinical setting to identify knowledge and self-management deficits. Alternatively, the questionnaires could become valuable research tools for assessing the type of intervention required and in planning and evaluating programs.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Lifestyle questionnaire to evaluate risk for reduced bone mineral density in women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of various risk factors to quantitative ultrasound parameters in a sample of women, and to develop a tool to assess osteopenia risk, with a view to targeted early intervention. DESIGN: Questionnaire study. SETTING: A local center comprising a fitness center, conference center, and administrative offices for various businesses and sports. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 187 Caucasian women who volunteered as part of a free public health screening initiative. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: A questionnaire was designed to collect data on history of osteoporosis, current physical activity, calcium, alcohol and caffeine intakes, smoking, and various reproductive measures. Historical physical activity data were also collected, and lifetime energy expenditure and impact scores were calculated. Quantitative ultrasound was performed on the left calcaneus. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine the odds of being osteopenic (T-score < or =-1 SD) against not being osteopenic (T-score >-1SD), due to exposure to the aforementioned risk factors. RESULTS: : Significant ORs were obtained for age (OR: 1.042; 95% CI: 1.016-1.068), current physical activity (> or =3 times/wk; OR: 0.320; 95% CI: 0.140-0.732), and lifetime energy expenditure score (OR: 0.957; 95% CI: 0.926-0.989). A regression model based on age and current physical activity correctly identified 57% of women with or without osteopenia. CONCLUSIONS: Although the model we developed was not sensitive or specific enough to assess osteopenic risk accurately, the results show that frequency of physical activity, independent of age, is an important lifestyle factor to consider when quantifying osteopenic risk.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Symptoms related to sleep-disordered breathing in white and Hispanic children: the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea (TuCASA) study is designed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of objectively measured sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in preadolescent children. This article describes the parental report of sleep symptoms associated with SDB in Hispanic and white children. DESIGN: A 13-question sleep habits screening questionnaire designed to assess the severity of sleep-related symptoms associated with SDB in children 4 to 11 years of age. SETTING: Questionnaires were completed by the parents of children attending elementary school in the Tucson Unified School District, Tucson, AZ. PARTICIPANTS: There were 1,494 questionnaires returned, which comprised a sample of whites (38%), Hispanics (45%), and other races (17%). Of these questionnaires, 1,214 were returned for the children of white (45.8%; 556 children) or Hispanic (54.2%; 658 children) ethnicity only. The primary analysis was completed on these 613 boys (50.5%) and 601 girls (49.5%). RESULTS: In the total sample of 1,494 children, parents were more likely to report excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in female children than in male children (p <.01), however, this association did not achieve significance in the sample of only white and Hispanic children (p <.07). Composite variables for EDS and witnessed apnea (WITAP) show that parents of Hispanic children were more likely to report EDS (p <.01) and WITAP (p <.007). Hispanic children were also more likely to have learning problems (LPs) [p <.03] and to snore frequently (SN) [p <.02] than were white children. There were no significant differences between boys and girls for SN or WITAP. Hispanic boys were more likely to have reports of EDS (p <.02) and LPs (p <.04) than white boys, however, there were no other significant differences in gender or ethnicity in reports of EDS or LPs for white or Hispanic boys and girls. Those children with frequent LPs were significantly more likely to have SN (p <.001), EDS (p <.001), and WITAP (p <.001). A logistic regression model predicting LP resulted in significant adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 2.4 for SN, 2.5 for EDS, and 2.1 for children aged 8 to 11 years. A similar model for EDS resulted in significant adjusted ORs of 3.2 for SN, 5.7 for WITAP, and 1.6 for female gender. Ethnicity was not significant in either model. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic children in the population-based TuCASA study experienced more frequent symptoms associated with SDB, such as SN, EDS, WITAP, and LPs, than did white children. Children with LPs are 2.4 times more likely to have SN, 2.5 times more likely to have EDS, and were 2.1 times more likely to be between the ages of 8 and 11 years. Children with EDS were 3.2 times more likely to have SN, 5.7 times more likely to have WITAP, and were 1.6 times more likely to be a girl.

Arizona↗

PubMed1994

Myth of substituted judgment. Surrogate decision making regarding life support is unreliable.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors predicting the accuracy of surrogate decision making in life support decisions. DESIGN: Questionnaire. SETTING: Urban Veterans Affairs hospital. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Fifty hospitalized patients and their chosen surrogates were given questionnaires describing life support modalities and four common medical scenarios in which life support would be contemplated. An additional 50 patients also completed the questionnaire. Patients gave their choices of life support in the different scenarios. Surrogates guessed the patients' answers (substituted judgment). Details of the patient-surrogate relationship were asked. Patients completed a depression inventory. MAIN RESULTS: Surrogates correctly guessed patients' wishes about life support overall on 59.3% of the questions, not better than random chance (kappa = .09). The only predictor of accurate surrogate decision making was specific discussion between patient and surrogate about life support. SECONDARY RESULTS: Patients had an overall low desire for life support (35%), and a majority favored euthanasia under some circumstances (62%). There was no relationship between depression score and desire for life support. CONCLUSIONS: Substituted judgment by surrogates is not more accurate than random chance. Discussion between patient and surrogate about life support correlated with more accurate substituted judgment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A teaching evaluation questionnaire for postmyocardial infarction patients.

The above report is primarily a methodologic presentation of a questionnaire designed to assess the knowledge of patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) concerning the nature of their disease, emergency treatment, diet and smoking, resumption of physical activity, psychological factors important in heart disease, and problems encountered when returning home and to work. This questionnaire was designed to asses an in-hospital teaching program for post-MI patients in these areas. Test, re-test results from our first group of 24 patients indicated they significantly increased their knowledge about problems surrounding their return home and to work during their time in the hospital. The failure of these patients to demonstrate a learning effect in the other areas covered has stimulated changes in the teaching program.

Aftercare↗

PubMed1995

International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods.

The aetiology of asthma and allergic disease remains poorly understood, despite considerable research. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), was founded to maximize the value of epidemiological research into asthma and allergic disease, by establishing a standardized methodology and facilitating international collaboration. Its specific aims are: 1) to describe the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in children living in different centres, and to make comparisons within and between countries; 2) to obtain baseline measures for assessment of future trends in the prevalence and severity of these diseases; and 3) to provide a framework for further aetiological research into genetic, lifestyle, environmental, and medical care factors affecting these diseases. The ISAAC design comprises three phases. Phase 1 uses core questionnaires designed to assess the prevalence and severity of asthma and allergic disease in defined populations. Phase 2 will investigate possible aetiological factors, particularly those suggested by the findings of Phase 1. Phase 3 will be a repetition of Phase 1 to assess trends in prevalence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Body weight, image and self-esteem evaluation questionnaire: development and validation of a new scale.

This report describes the development of a new questionnaire designed to capture and quantify the psychosocial impact of weight gain associated with psychotropic drug use, and presents results of a preliminary validation study. Based on a review of literature, consultations with experts, interviews with individual patients and focus groups, themes relevant to weight gain and its psychosocial consequences were identified. A 12-item self-report questionnaire was designed and administered to a heterogeneous group of psychiatric outpatients (n = 141) receiving antipsychotic and other adjunctive medications. The scale could be self-administered in 2-3 min with minimal assistance. Correlational analysis showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.79) and fair split half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.76). The total scores were able to distinguish groups of people with higher and lower body mass index (BMI) (chi(2) = 16.4, p < 0.001), suggestive of good discriminant validity. Repeated administration of the scale in 56 subjects on 2 occasions with a gap of 1 week in between revealed a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.81 (p < 0.001). These preliminary findings indicate that body weight, image and self-esteem evaluation questionnaire (B-WISE) is a potentially useful instrument for clinical trials to measure the psychosocial consequences of weight changes associated with psychotropic drug use, and also in monitoring the impact of various intervention programs aimed at minimizing or preventing weight gain.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Pain measurement tools and methods in clinical research in palliative care: recommendations of an Expert Working Group of the European Association of Palliative Care.

An Expert Working Group was convened under the auspices of the Steering Committee of the Research Network of the European Association of Palliative Care to review the status of the use of pain measurement tools (PMTs) in palliative care research conducted in a multilingual-multicenter setting. Based on a literature review and on the experts' opinion, the present work recommends that standardized methods should be applied for the use of PMTs in research in palliative care. Visual analogue scales, numerical rating scales, and verbal rating scales are considered valid to assess pain intensity in clinical trials and in other types of studies. Among the multidimensional questionnaires designed to assess pain, the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Brief Pain Inventory are valid in many multilingual versions. Specific recommendations for PMT use and administration, depending on the study type and aim, are reviewed. Special population requirements specific of clinical situations encountered in palliative care (elderly, terminal, cognitively impaired patients, pediatric patients) are also considered.

Europe↗

PubMed2006

Assessment of shoulder pain in hemiplegia: sensitivity of the ShoulderQ.

BACKGROUND: The ShoulderQ is a structured questionnaire designed to assess timing and severity of hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP), in order to target pain relief effectively. It includes both verbal and visual graphic rating scale questions, simply presented for patients with language/visuo-spatial deficits following stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity of the ShoulderQ to clinical improvement in shoulder pain following multi-disciplinary intervention. Design and setting. Retrospective analysis of serial questionnaires collected in the course of clinical treatment in an in-patient neurological rehabilitation unit. Subjects and interventions. Thirty consecutive adults with cognitive and communicative deficits, presenting with hemiplegic shoulder pain following acquired brain injury. Multi-disciplinary treatment was delivered through an integrated care pathway, and ShoulderQs recorded fortnightly, including at baseline and end of treatment. RESULTS: Changes on visual graphic rating scale (VGRS) were associated with verbal reports of improvement (rho 0.665, p < 0.001). Patients were divided retrospectively on the basis of their overall clinical response into responders (n = 18) and non-responders (n = 12). Responders showed significant change in both VGRS and verbal scores, whereas the non-responder group did not. A change in summed VGRS score of =3 showed 77% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity for identifying the responders, with a positive predictive value of 93.3%. Summed VGRS scores of =2 had a negative predictive value of 73.3%. CONCLUSION: In this preliminary evaluation of clinical data, the ShoulderQ appears to provide a sensitive measure of shoulder pain which is responsive to change in pain experience for those able to complete the questionnaire, despite the difficulties that many of this group of patients may have in reporting their symptoms. Set alongside previously reported test-retest reliability, the results support the utility of the ShoulderQ as a simple and practical tool for evaluation of shoulder pain in patients with severe complex disabilities.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Pediatric residents' continuity clinics: how are we really doing?

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) established guidelines in 1989 requiring pediatric residents to attend a continuity clinic (CC) one half-day per week. OBJECTIVE. To assess pediatric residents' CCs, with an emphasis on those factors potentially affecting house staff education and patient care. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS. A multi-item questionnaire designed to assess the educational, administrative, and clinical components of CCs was distributed to all US CC directors. RESULTS. Responses were received from 164 programs (74.9%), which represented more than 90% of all house staff in accredited US pediatric programs. Fifty-five percent of programs acknowledged non-ACGME-approved exemptions from attendance, and 64% changed CC schedules dependent on in-patient rotation assignment. Less than half of the programs had core curricula or didactic conferences. Most programs (76%) were located in hospital clinics. Clinic resources and equipment were often limited; faculty preceptors and nursing and clerical support staff were frequently insufficient in number. On average, PL1s saw four patients per session, whereas PL2s and PL3s saw five. Continuity of care for the patient for phone calls, acute and after-hours visits, and hospitalization was limited. Directors' perceived support for CCs' educational programs ranged from a high of 87% by generalists to a low of 33% by intensivists. CONCLUSIONS. Despite the ACGME directives, many residency programs have not provided the required priority, protected time, or adequate resources for CCs. The recent emphasis on health care reform and primary care medical education highlights the prominent role the CC should play as an important site in our teaching of longitudinal and ambulatory medicine. Departmental support and committed resources necessary to enhance the experience and to meet the educational challenge successfully will be required.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed1995

Using a pen-based computer to collect health-related quality of life and utilities information.

We have developed a system that uses the Newton MessagePad technology as part of a client-client-server paradigm to collect health-related quality of life information from breast cancer patients attending an outpatient clinic at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Patients are asked to fill out an electronic questionnaire on the Newton, which then uploads the information into the institution's Oracle database. The program consists of a separate questionnaire engine and question base, facilitating questionnaire design and allowing us to give different questionnaires to different patients dynamically. The results of a preliminary trial show excellent user-acceptance of the device. Finally, we present a general framework for such systems and discuss issues that developers must consider when implementing a pen-based computer project.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effects of speech output type, message length, and reauditorization on perceptions of the communicative competence of an adult AAC user.

The effects of speech output type, aided message length, and partner reauditorization on naive observers' perceptions of the communicative competence of an adult augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system user were examined. Subjects consisted of 48 naive adults with minimal exposure to nonspeaking persons. Eight scripted videotaped conversational conditions involving an AAC user and a normal-speaking partner were employed in the manipulation of the three independent variables. A balanced incomplete block design was used. Following each viewing, subjects completed a questionnaire designed to assess the communicative competence of the AAC user. Results indicated a significant main effect for aided message length only. Ratings of the AAC user were higher in conditions with phrases than in conditions with single-word messages. Of interest was the finding that the use of digitized versus synthesized speech output had no effect on observer ratings. Clinical implications are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

National Family Health Survey.

The authors outline the organization and administration of India's National Family Health Survey, for which data collection was scheduled for completion in June 1993. Data analysis and survey objectives are discussed, as well as some political factors affecting data collection. It is noted that "the National Family Health Survey is...a large-scale sample survey covering 97 per cent of the population and involving more than 90,500 households.... Another feature of the NFHS is its uniformity in questionnaire design, sample design, data collection and analysis. This uniformity provides an opportunity for inter-state comparison."

Asia↗

PubMed2002

Stability of questionnaire items measuring behaviours, attitudes and stages of change related to sun exposure.

The use of questionnaires in epidemiological studies needs more methodological research. The time and effort spent on questionnaire design is often limited. Studies on the construction of questionnaires could lead to a higher quality of data, enhanced comparability and improved credibility of epidemiological findings. The aim of the present study was to examine the test-retest reliability of some common items measuring sun-related variables. A sample of 52 female Swedish nurses attending a postgraduate course in research methodology was chosen. They completed a questionnaire on two occasions spaced 3 weeks apart in the winter of 2000. When the results were analysed, items on sun-related behaviours and sunbed use were sufficiently reliable. The items on skin type and sunburn showed moderate stability. Stage of change related to sunlight exposure, items measuring beliefs about sunbathing along with items assessing self-efficacy and risk perception with regards to sunbathing showed lower stability. The results showed that many essential items concerning exposure to ultraviolet radiation and sunburns were sufficiently stable, but other items were less stable and could be improved upon; suggestions for improving these items are presented. The study illustrates the value of reliability testing in the process of item construction. Using methodological studies to improve the reliability and validity of data is an important step toward higher standards for questionnaire surveys.

Adult↗