[Evaluation of the degree of atopy by means of the skin and radioimmunological tests (RAST and RIST)].
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “Radioimmunosorbent Test”
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[Diagnosis and specific desensitizing treatment of allergic asthma].
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Adolescent↗
[Immunoregulatory role of gamma delta T cell receptor in atopic asthma--association with the IgE response to molds antigen].
To evaluate the role of gamma delta T cells in atopic asthma, we examined the relationship among atopy bronchial asthma, and genetic polymorphism of the gamma chain of T cell receptors (TCR) in families through atopic asthmatic probands. We recruited 5 families (69 subjects). Total serum IgE levels were estimated by a radioimmunosorbent test (IgE RIST). Skin prick tests were done with inhaled allergens consisting of house dust, grass and tree pollens, common molds, and animal danders. Antigen-specific IgE levels in response to these allergens were also measured by multiple antigen simultaneous test (IgE MAST). The atopic phenotype was determined by the presence of a positive skin test, an elevated antigen specific IgE value, an elevated total IgE level, or some combination of these. Although linkage of atopy or bronchial asthma to the gene encoding the gamma chain of TCR was excluded, the lod score between this gene and molds-specific IgE responses was 0.42 at the recombination fraction of 0.1. In an association study, a 19 kb allele of the gamma chain of the TCR gene was found more frequently in asthmatic subjects than in non-asthmatic subjects (p = 0.068). Also, molds-specific IgE responses were significantly associated with this allele (p = 0.018). These findings suggest that molds-specific IgE responses underlying atopic asthma are partly regulated by the gene encoding the gamma chain of the TCR.
Adolescent↗
Serum IgE levels and reaginic-type skin reactions in sarcoidosis.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in sera of eighty-four patients with sarcoidosis and fifty-one apparently healthy controls were measured by means of a radioimmunosorbent test (RIST). A significant decrease in IgE level was commonly seen in patients with sarcoidosis. In some patients, a typical isolated IgE deficiency was noted. In a group of patients with significantly low serum IgE levels, reduced immune responsiveness affecting the IgE class was suggested from the study on reaginic-type skin reactions. The implication of these findings with respect to the immunology and etiology of sarcoidosis is discussed.
Adult↗
[IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies against bodily and fecal extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae].
IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies against bodily (Dfb) and fecal (Dff) extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 33 asthmatic patients (AP), 27 healthy control subjects (HCS) and clinically healthy subjects with mite allergy (HS-MA) shown by positive skin reactions to house dust. Serum total IgE measured by radioimmunosorbent test, and IgE against Df was measured by the CAP system simultaneously. AP showed the highest mean value of total IgE and IgE against Df, Dfb and Dff. HS-MA showed the second highest value and HCS showed the lowest one. There were significant differences among these 3 groups. AP showed a significantly higher mean value of IgG1 and IgG4 than the other 2 groups. However, there was no significant difference between HS-MA and HCS. Antibody titers against Dfb and Dff correlated well. IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 titers obtained by ELISA also correlated with each other well. However, the results from the CAP system and IgE-ELISA did not agree in some cases indicating character differences between the CAP system and ELISA. In AP, the CAP system results agreed with those of ELISA. In HS-MA, however, many cases exhibited negative reactions to IgE-ELISA in spite of exhibiting positive reactions in the CAP system.
Adult↗
[Determination of total IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) using the IMX and MATRIX techniques].
This study, on 185 subjects, has given evaluation of total IgE by the IMX technique in comparison with CAP PRIST, and of the MATRIX* technique for the measurement of sIgE in comparison with the reference technique of CAP RAST**, skin tests and clinical history. The two techniques of CAP and MATRIX are judged to be comparable (Correlation percentage 88.2%). The correlation of MATRIX with skin tests and clinical history is satisfactory (respectively 85.9% and 95%). The results were obtained with four allergens (D. pteronyssinus, Timothy grass, cat and dog). Separate assays confirmed the reliability of the technique.
Adolescent↗
[The clinical effect of antibiotics in the macrolide family on bronchial asthma. Non-antimicrobial actions of oleandomycin [author's transl)].
Non-antimicrobial actions of oleandomycin (triacetyloleandomycin and oleandomycin phosphate) were studied in patients with bronchial asthma. Twenty-one cases of the disease without associating infections entered the study, and they were given 750mg of oleandomycin or triacetryloleandomycin in three divided doses daily for two weeks. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were compared to assess the effectiveness of the antibiotic therapy between the three 2-week periods before, during and after the therapy. Improvements in clinical manifestations were attained in 11 of 21 cases (52.3%), and last after discontinuance of the therapy in 8(38.1%). The blood level of 11-OHCS as determined by the Demoorr's fluorescence method increased by greater than 20% at the end of thearpy in 7 of 18 cases (38.9%). In 5 of the 7 cases favorable responses were seen clinically to the oleandomycin therapy. The serum IgE level determined by the radioimmunosorbent test was compared before and after the therapy to reveal that oleandomycin caused decrease of IgE in 10 and increase in 9 of 20 cases examined. The oleandomycin therapy resulted increases by greater than 20% of the vital capacity and FEV 1.0 in 2 and 3, respectively, of 15 cases. Jaundice in association with elevations of the GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase developed in one patient, and generalized skin eruption in another. Both of these cases were given triacetyloleandomycin.
11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
Family study HLA antigen and Ir gene linkage in ragweed and dust allergy.
A family was studied for HLA antigen Ir-gene linkage in ragweed and dust allergy by clinical history, skin test, mixed lymphocyte cultures, lymphocyte culture for cellular immunity to antigen E and dust allergens, RAST assay for ragweed and dust antigens and HLA typing. These results confirm previous observations that ragweed Ir genes are linked to the inheritance of the HLA complex. The Ir genes may map at some distance from the closely linked HLA and MLC genes. It is also of interest that Ir genes for dust allergy in this family appear closely associated with ragweed genes. The set of twins with identical HLA complexes but different expression of presumably identical Ir genes will bear watching.
Antibody Formation↗
[Determination of IgE using PRIST].
In 160 allergic patients the total IgE level was determined by PRIST, a paper sandwich technic, and compared with the corresponding RAST values. Judging the IgE levels in positive RAST as pathologic and in negative RAST as normal we found IgE levels up to 20 U/ml as normal and IgE levels higher than 100 U/ml as pathologic. When used alone the PRIST gives a reliability of 73% as a screening test in allergic patients.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Comparison among delayed-type skin tests, serum IgE levels and peripheral blood CD4 in HIV-positive patients.
Three groups of HIV-positive men and a control group of healthy subjects were evaluated simultaneously by delayed-type skin tests with recall antigens detection of CD4 cell counts in peripheral blood and the IgE serum levels. Delayed-type skin test reactivity and CD4 cell counts in peripheral blood decreased while IgE serum levels increased as immune imbalance progressed with the worsening of HIV infection (p = 0.003 between controls and HIV-positive patients). The existence of atopy did not significantly influence IgE serum levels in the groups of HIV-positive patients (p < 0.2). Candidin appeared as a useful antigen in the delayed-type skin tests considering that it was the only antigen that remained positive with low values of CD4 cell counts (< or = 250/mm3). The detection of serum IgE levels as well as the performance of delayed-type skin tests with recall antigens are useful tools to evaluate immunological status whereas the number of CD4 in peripheral blood is critical for determining the initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
Adolescent↗
[The new criteria for skin prick test of atopic early infants--diagnosis for hypersensitivity of egg white].
To investigate the new criteria for skin prick test (SPT) of seventy-four atopic infants (2-5 months of age at the first visit, Mean 3.8 months, M:F = 54:20) to diagnose for hypersensitivity to egg white. It was classified into three groups by reaction type of SPT in the first visit. Group A were the infants who seemed only late (6 hours) or delayed (48 hours) reaction (n = 26). Group B were seemed immediate (15 minutes) and late or delayed reactions (n = 26), Group C were seemed only immediate reaction (n = 23). Atopic infants and controlled infants without no symptom but have any atopic disease a relative in the third degree, agreed to undergo SPT in the first visit, the prior were undergo 9-12 months of age, too. Serum total IgE (RIST), serum specific IgE antibody of egg white (EWRAST) and peripheral eosinophil counts in the blood (Eo. counts) were determined at the same time of SPT in atopic infants. The best criterion for SPT was the longest diameter of a erythema were greater than 3 mm at late and/or delayed reaction (Sensitivity: 100%, Specificity: 60%) in group A. Two third of infants in group. A were seemed immediate reaction and EWRAST levels were increased to larger than gread two at 9-12 months (p < 0.001). RIST levels and Eo. counts at the first visit were increased compared with the normal levels in the all groups, the prior and EWRAST levels in group B were higher than group A or C (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). RIST and EWRAST levels in group A at 9-12 months were higher than the first visit (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). In conclusion, SPT in atopic early infants were seemed several reactions at the first visit, but all reactions were useful for diagnose for hypersensitivity to egg white.
Dermatitis, Atopic↗
[Serum IgE in normal persons and in patients with and without demonstrable increase in allergen specific single IgE fractions (RAST)].
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Allergens↗
Immunoglobulin E in psoriasis evaluated by paper radioimmunosorbent and paper enzyme-immunosorbent tests.
Serum IgE concentrations were determined by the paper radioimmunosorbent test in 56 patients with psoriasis and 50 normal controls, and by the paper enzyme-immunosorbent test in 32 of these patients and 50 controls. Elevated IgE levels were found in 26 (46%) of 56 patients with psoriasis and in 1 normal control (2%). The mean value (208 U/ml) in 56 patients was significantly higher than in normal controls (31 U/ml). Thirteen of 19 patients (68%) with extensive involvement (greater than 20% body surface) had an increased IgE level; the mean value (365 U/ml) was 4 times greater than in 17 patients with limited lesions (89 U/ml) and 12 times higher than in 50 normal controls (31 U/ml). No correlation was found between serum IgE levels and the presence of psoriatic arthritis. Both paper radioimmunosorbent and paper enzyme-immunosorbent testing produced similar results.
Adolescent↗
[RIST or PRIST?].
In 240 patients the radioimmunosorbent (RIST) and paper-radioimmunosorbent (PRIST) tests were used parallel for determination of serum IgE levels. Whilst the values achieved with PRIST generally were somewhat lower than those with RIST, a very good correlation was found between these two methods. Taking its procedural simplicity into account, PRIST thus appears better suited for routine diagnostic purposes than RIST.
Humans↗
The Phadiatop in vitro test for allergy in general practice: is it useful?
A study was performed in order to assess the value of the Phadiatop, a new in vitro allergy test, in general practice. A total of 248 patients were screened for bronchial allergy with PRIST, RAST and the Phadiatop. Information about the patient's history and the results of the PRIST, Phadiatop and RAST tests were presented consecutively to the general practitioner and his diagnoses based on and evolving from these were evaluated and compared with the diagnosis of a specialist. The general practitioner's diagnosis based on the results of the Phadiatop was the closest of all the tests to the specialist diagnosis. It is concluded that Phadiatop is of great use in diagnosing bronchial allergy in general practice.
Adolescent↗
Application of microtitre plates and fluorescence reading to shorten handling of Phadezym RAST and Phadezym IgE PRIST.
To enable shorter and more convenient testing, the Phadezym RAST and Phadezym IgE PRIST procedures for the determination of specific and total IgE were modified in three ways: (i) allergen-coupled paper discs were tested in microtitre wells; (ii) the incubation times were reduced to 1 hr with serum and 2 hr with the anti-IgE by shaking the plates at room temperature; and (iii) the fluorogenic substrate used reduced the development time to 15 min. Determination of IgE antibody specific for fifteen inhalation allergens by the modified fluorescence test (FEIA) and by the conventional Phadezym RAST (EIA) was performed on the serum of thirty-two patients suffering from asthma/rhinitis: correlation studies for these sera showed that 96.1% of the results fell in the same class. In these patients, both FEIA and EIA detected the same proportion of skin-prick tests (SPT) positive results (67%). With the FEIA, 4/165 (2.4%) class 1 results were found in eleven non-atopic subjects (symptom free, fifteen negative SPT, total IgE lower than 80 kU/l), compared to 1/165 (0.6%) with the EIA. In twenty cord sera, both FEIA and EIA found 4/300 (1.3%) class 1 results. For the determination of total serum IgE, the microtitre FEIA showed a detection limit of 0.5 kU/l and an excellent correlation with Phadezym IgE PRIST (n = 66 serum, r = 0.99). These data indicate that the adaptation of Phadezym RAST and Phadezym IgE PRIST to microtitre plates and fluorescence technology has resulted in a time-saving and easy to perform within-day assay which provided results as reproducible, sensitive and specific as those of the conventional procedure.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of the Phadiatop test in an epidemiological study.
Sera from 204 adult patients with chronic airways obstruction were analysed with the Phadiatop, a new allergosorbent test with a paper disc containing the most relevant inhalant allergens, the PRIST for total IgE determinations, and a panel of seven RAST tests with the common inhalant allergens in The Netherlands as reference. The aim was to evaluate the Phadiatop as screening test in the in vitro diagnostic procedures in an epidemiological setting. The Phadiatop was classified positive or negative according to percentage binding, total IgE was considered elevated at values greater than 100 kU/l and the RAST panel positive when at least one RAST result was class greater than 1. The prevalence of inhalant atopy came to 27.9%. The predictive value of the Phadiatop for a positive RAST panel was 96.4%, and for a negative RAST panel 97.3%. For the PRIST these values were 51.9% and 87.2% respectively. The correlation between the log percentages binding of the Phadiatop and the RAST panel was 0.93. It is concluded that the Phadiatop is a valuable test for the screening of inhalant atopy, and as the percentage binding of the Phadiatop may reflect the degree of sensitization it could also be applied as a quantitative measure especially for epidemiological purposes.
Adult↗
Allergy screening with Phadiatop and CAP Phadiatop in combination with a questionnaire in adults with asthma and rhinitis.
The efficiency of the new screening tests for atopy, Phadiatop and CAP Phadiatop, was studied by comparing their results with a clinical diagnosis of atopy in 100 consecutive adults with asthma and/or rhinitis. Further, the diagnostic efficiency of a combination of Phadiatop and a few standardized questions was studied. The Phadiatop was found to have a specificity of 0.98, and a sensitivity of 0.92 and the CAP Phadiatop a specificity of 0.94 and a sensitivity of 0.96. When the Phadiatop was combined with a few questions, a sensitivity of 1.00 was achieved. It is concluded that Phadiatop and CAP Phadiatop have a higher diagnostic precision than other hitherto used methods for screening of atopic allergy. The place of Phadiatop in a diagnostic flow chart is suggested.
Adolescent↗