PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “SALICYL COMPOUNDS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Analgesic drugs in breast milk and plasma.

The disposition of salicylic acid, phenacetin, caffeine, and codeine, and two metabolites, acetaminophen and morphine, was studied in breast milk and plasma of two lactating mothers after single oral doses of a compound analgesic. Salicylic acid penetrated poorly into milk, with peak levels of only 1.12 to 1.60 micrograms/ml, whereas peak plasma levels were 33 to 43.4 micrograms/ml. The drug was also eliminated more slowly from milk than plasma. In contrast, caffeine and phenacetin kinetics in breast milk and plasma were similar, but milk levels were somewhat lower than plasma levels in both subjects. Metabolically produced acetaminophen levels in both fluids were much higher than those of the parent drug, phenacetin, in one subject, but early plasma and milk phenacetin levels exceeded those of acetaminophen in the other subject, thereafter dropping sharply to assume the pattern of the first subject. Elimination of the metabolite, acetaminophen, from milk was slower than from plasma (subject 1, half-life (t1/2) of drug in milk, 4.7 hr; t1/2 in plasma, 2.9 hr). In both subjects codeine concentrations in milk were 1.5 to 2.4 times as high as in plasma at the same times after drug. Metabolically produced morphine levels in milk from both mothers were low but exceeded those in plasma after 1 hr. Calculations based on average milk concentrations over the 12 hr after drug in subject 1 revealed milk excretion of 0.7% or less of the ingested dose of each drug. Similar calculations based on predicted steady-state milk drug concentrations in subject 2 indicated maximum milk excretion of 2.7% of the dose. In each case caffeine was excreted in the milk in the greatest amount.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of metabolic processes by coenzyme-A-sequestering aromatic acids. Prevention by para-chloro- and para-nitrobenzoic acids.

Octanoate, salicylate, valproic acid, p-octyl-, p-nitro-, and p-chlorobenzoic acids were effective inhibitors of benzoic acid activation to benzoyl-CoA by mitochondrial extracts. p-Aminobenzoic acid was much less effective. Of these compounds, only salicylate and p-nitrobenzoic acid were not activated to their respective CoA esters. Salicylate, p-chloro- and p-nitrobenzoic acids effectively prevented inhibition of glucose synthesis and alpha-keto[1-14C]isovalerate oxidation by valproic acid, p-octyl-, and p-aminobenzoic acids, p-Octyl- and p-aminobenzoic acids greatly depleted hepatocyte free CoA and acetyl-CoA contents and increased the content of acid-insoluble and acid-soluble CoA esters respectively. p-Chloro- and p-nitrobenzoic acids prevented the sequestration of CoA as p-octylbenzoyl-CoA or p-aminobenzoyl-CoA in hepatocytes incubated with these compounds. p-Chlorobenzoic acid not only prevented but also reversed the inhibition of gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes incubated with p-octylbenzoic acid. These results suggest that p-chloro- or p-nitrobenzoic acids might be effectively used to reverse some of the hepatotoxic effects of the CoA esters of valproic acid or naturally-occurring organic acids, such as those which accumulate in Reye's Syndrome or organic acidemias.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro antimicrobial activity of bismuth subsalicylate and other bismuth salts.

This report demonstrates that bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) effectively inhibits growth of a number of bacterial strains known to cause diarrhea, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter. Other bismuth salts and sodium salicylate, a hydrolysis product of BSS in the gut, also were examined and were shown to have various degrees of activity. Growth of the organisms was monitored in vitro by inoculating culture fluid that contained one of the compounds to be tested and determining the concentration of viable organisms over a 24-hour period. Control cultures of each organism were grown in the absence of bismuth subsalicylate. BSS inhibited growth of all organisms examined in a dose-dependent fashion. Reductions of 2-6 logs, as compared with controls, were observed in cultures grown in the presence of 10-50 mM BSS. Other bismuth salts displayed various degrees of inhibition. These results suggest that the efficacy of BSS as an antidiarrheal agent may be related to an antimicrobial mechanism of action.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Viscosity and surface tension of dilute salicylic acid-cetrimide systems.

The viscosity and surface tension of systems containing small amounts of salicylic acid in aqueous solutions of cetrimide were determined. An abrupt increase in viscosity was observed, and the molar ratio of salicylic acid to certrimide at which this viscosity increase occurred was 1:2. The surface tension of these systems also increased sharply after an initial lowering. The salicylic acid concentration at which this behavior was demonstrated was almost the same as that at maximum solubility in the surfactant solution.

Cetrimonium Compounds↗
PubMed2006

Calcium oxalate crystals and methyl salicylate as toxic principles of the fresh leaves from Palicourea longiflora, an endemic species in the Amazonas state.

The species of the genus Palicourea (Rubiaceae family) is well-known for its toxicity towards animals, particularly livestock. This work reports the occurrence of skin irritation during the manipulation of Palicourea longiflora, considering the prevalence of the monofluoracetic acid (MFAA) and another toxic compound: methyl salicylate. The MFAA was identified by 19F-NMR and methyl salicylate by gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Additionally, an anatomical study of leaves had been used to explain the mechanism of penetration of the toxic principles.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin and sodium salicylate.

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is one of the most widely used drugs worldwide. It acetylates cyclooxygenases thereby irreversibly blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. Biotransformation of aspirin yields salicylate, a compound that possesses similar anti-inflammatory potency as aspirin but lacks aspirin's inhibitory effect on the activity of isolated cyclooxygenase. This article is aimed at providing an overview about the often conflicting results concerning the mechanisms of action of aspirin and sodium salicylate. At present, there is no common agreement about the extent to which salicylate contributes to aspirin's anti-inflammatory properties, as well as there is still no final conclusion reached about the mechanisms of action of sodium salicylate. Several possible sites of action of salicylate have been suggested: It has been shown that in intact cells-but not in purified enzyme preparations-, sodium salicylate inhibits prostanoid biosynthesis. This effect seems to be prevented in the presence of high concentrations of arachidonic acid, which has been shown to interfere with inhibition by salicylate of cyclooxygenase-2-mediated prostanoid formation in vitro. Other possible sites of action that are not directly related to cyclooxygenase inhibition have been suggested based on observations made in vitro using high concentrations of aspirin and sodium salicylate. These effects target intracellular signaling mechanisms such as kinases, including the mitogen activated protein-kinases (MAPK) cascade. With the exception of reported salicylate-induced activation of p38 MAPK, observed effects are usually inhibitory. This may be one reason for the observation that, downstream to kinases, inhibitory effects of salicylates have been observed on several nuclear transcription factors, such as nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) or activator protein 1 (AP-1). Several reports have also shown interference by salicylates with the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, which, depending on experimental models, can be observed as inhibitory but also stimulatory effects. Antioxidant properties of salicylates, adenosine release induced by sodium salicylate and aspirin-triggered lipoxin formation are additional mechanisms that may contribute to anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin and/or sodium salicylate. An additional focus of this review is the discussion of interactions between aspirin, sodium salicylate and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are of particular relevance in the gastro-intestinal and cardiovascular systems.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Camptothecin biosynthetic genes in hairy roots of Ophiorrhiza pumila: cloning, characterization and differential expression in tissues and by stress compounds.

Camptothecin derivatives are clinically used anti-tumor compounds that biogenetically belong to a group of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA). We have already established a hairy root culture of Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae) that produces camptothecin. The present study describes the cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding strictosidine synthase (OpSTR; EC 4.3.3.2) and tryptophan decarboxylase (OpTDC; EC 4.1.1.28), two key enzymes in the biosynthesis of TIA from hairy roots of O. pumila. We also isolated the cDNA coding for NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (OpCPR; EC 1.6.2.4) that is presumed to be indirectly involved in camptothecin synthesis. The recombinant OpSTR and OpTDC proteins exhibit STR and TDC activities, respectively, when expressed in Escherichia coli. The tissue-specific and stress-inducible expression patterns of OpSTR and OpTDC were quite similar, unlike those of OpCPR. The high expression of OpSTR and OpTDC observed in hairy roots, roots and stems were closely correlated with STR protein accumulation as observed by immunoblot analysis. Plant stress compounds like salicylic acid repressed expression of OpSTR and OpTDC, suggesting coordinate regulation of these genes for camptothecin biosynthesis.

Acetates↗
PubMed2005

Ion-selective microelectrode analysis of salicylate transport by the Malpighian tubules and gut of Drosophila melanogaster.

Transport of the organic anion salicylate by the Malpighian tubules and gut of larval and adult fruit flies was studied using two salicylate-selective microelectrode methods. The first method combined the high selectivity of tridodecylmethylammonium-based electrodes for salicylate with the self-referencing ion-selective microelectrode technique for non-invasive spatial and temporal analysis of salicylate flux. Measurements with this technique revealed secretion of salicylate across the main and distal segments of the Malpighian tubule as well as the midgut, ileum and rectum. The second method used a salicylate-selective microelectrode to measure the concentration of salicylate in fluid droplets secreted by isolated Drosophila Malpighian tubules set up in a Ramsay secretion assay. Transepithelial salicylate flux was calculated as the product of fluid secretion rate and secreted fluid salicylate concentration. Measurements with this method revealed that salicylate transport was active and saturable; the kinetic parameters J(max) and K(t) were 2.72 pmol min(-1) tubule(-1) and 0.046 mmol l(-1), respectively. Measurements of transepithelial salicylate flux determined by both microelectrode methods were in good agreement. Transepithelial flux measurements measured by microelectrodes were also validated by comparing them with measurements of radiolabelled salicylate levels in secreted droplets. Salicylate concentrations in haemolymph samples were measured with salicylate-selective microelectrodes after injection of salicylate into the haemocoel or after insects were fed salicylate-rich diets. The rate of salicylate secretion by Malpighian tubules in vitro was sufficient to account for the measured rate of decline of salicylate concentration in the haemolymph in vivo.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Ion-pair formation as a strategy to enhance topical delivery of salicylic acid.

An in-vitro study was carried out to determine the possibility of improving the efficiency of transdermal delivery of salicylate through human epidermis by ion-pair formers (alkylamines and quaternary ammonium ions). Further, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the counter-ions and salicylate flux was examined. It was found that flux can be related to the conductivity associated with the penetrant solution, molecular size of the counter-ion and lipophilicity expressed as either octanol/water partition coefficient of the ion pairs or the carbon chain-length of the counter-ions. Equations have been developed to predict salicylate flux from these physicochemical parameters.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1993

Salicylic acid prevents the adherence of bacteria and yeast to silastic catheters.

During the pathogenesis of catheter-related urinary tract infection, bacteria attach to the catheter and migrate along a biofilm into the bladder. We studied the effect of coating silastic catheters with salicylic acid on bacterial and yeast adherence. An agar roll technique, bioluminescent assay, and radiolabeling study all produced consistent results. There was a dose related inhibition of adherence with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis. Inhibition of over 90% was noted with Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. Similar results were obtained in broth and synthetic urine. A dose related reduction in adherence was seen with all gram-negative rods and yeast as measured by a radiolabeling assay. TDMAC was used to bind the salicylic acid to the catheters with > 95% inhibition of the gram-negative rods. These studies suggest the potential role of coating catheters with salicylic acid to reduce bacterial adherence and urinary tract infection.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1989

Pathogenicity of Campylobacter pylori--a causative factor in gastritis?

There is now much worldwide evidence that Campylobacter pylori plays a pathogenic role in the aetiology of gastritis rather than colonizing an already inflamed gastric mucosa. 1) There is a very close association between the presence of C. pylori on the gastric mucosa and histologically confirmed Type B chronic active gastritis. Ninety percent of patients with C. pylori infection have gastritis whereas less than 5% of patients with normal mucosa are colonized. 2) C. pylori only colonizes gastric type mucosa; it is not found colonizing intestinal type mucosa in the stomach. 3) Two volunteer studies have confirmed Koch's third and fourth postulates. Ingestion of C. pylori led to the development of histologically proven gastritis. 4) Outbreaks of hypochlorhydric C. pylori gastritis have occurred. In one such epidemic 17 of 37 volunteers developed C. pylori hypochlorhydric gastritis after acid secretion studies were undertaken with an unsterilized pH electrode. 5) Susceptible animal models (gnotobiotic piglets and the macacus monkey) inoculated with a suspension of C. pylori have developed histologically proven gastritis. 6) Clearance of C. pylori with antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin or nitrofurantoin) or bismuth salts (colloidal bismuth subcitrate or bismuth salicylate), alone or in combination, leads to rapid resolution of the histologically confirmed gastritis. If relapse occurs the gastritis returns.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Competence for Elicitation of H2O2 in Hypocotyls of Cucumber Is Induced by Breaching the Cuticle and Is Enhanced by Salicylic Acid.

To study H2O2 production, the epidermal surfaces of hypocotyl segments from etiolated seedlings of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were gently abraded. Freshly abraded segments were not constitutively competent for rapid H2O2 elicitation. This capacity developed subsequent to abrasion in a time-dependent process that was greatly enhanced in segments exhibiting an acquired resistance to penetration of their epidermal cell walls by Colletotrichum lagenarium, because of root pretreatment of the respective seedlings with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. When this compound or salicylic acid was applied to abraded segments, it also greatly enhanced the induction of competence for H2O2 elicitation. This process was fully inhibited by 5 [mu]M cycloheximide or 200 [mu]M puromycin, suggesting a requirement for translational protein synthesis. Both a crude elicitor preparation and a partially purified oligoglucan mixture from Phytophthora sojae also induced, in addition to H2O2 production, a refractory state, which explains the transient nature of H2O2 elicitation. Taken together, these results suggest that the cucumber hypocotyl epidermis becomes conditioned for competence to produce H2O2 in response to elicitors by a stimulus resulting from breaching the cuticle and/or cutting segments. This conditioning process is associated with protein synthesis and is greatly enhanced when substances able to induce systemic acquired resistance are present in the tissue.

Journal Article↗