SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “STRONGYLOIDIASIS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Disseminated strongyloidiasis arising from a single dose of dexamethasone before stereotactic radiosurgery.

A fatal case of disseminated strongyloidiasis is described, abruptly following a single high dose of dexamethasone before stereotactic radiosurgery. The mechanism of steroid-induced dysregulation of Strongyloides infection is unclear. Treatment failure and the use of rectal thiabendazole in the presence of bowel obstruction is discussed. This case reinforces the need to screen selected patients for strongyloidiasis before any high-dose steroid therapy, particularly in the presence of persistent eosinophilia.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Recurrent, itching and creeping skin lesions in (former) travellers to the tropics: strongyloidiasis].

Two patients, a woman aged 24 and a man aged 86, had suffered from recurrent, itchy, linear, creeping skin lesions, notably on the thighs, buttocks and lower abdomen, for 9 months and more than 50 years, respectively. The woman had been in South America, and the man had worked on the Burma railway as a prisoner of war during World War II. In both patients 'larva currens' was observed. The clinical diagnosis of 'strongyloidiasis' was supported by eosinophilia and raised antibody titres against Strongyloides stercoralis in the blood. No larvae could be detected in either patient. Treatment with albendazole, and ivermectin, respectively, resulted in disappearance of the complaints. S. stercoralis is found in many parts of the world. In the Netherlands the major risk groups in which strongyloidiasis should be considered are people from, and visitors to, South-America (Surinam) and South-East Asia (Indonesia, former prisoners of war).

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Disseminated strongyloidiasis in nephrotic syndrome.

Strongyloides stercoralis is endemic in the southwestern islands Amami and Ryukyu in Japan. Systemic strongyloidiasis occurs in immunocompromised hosts. We report here on a 60-year-old patient with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) without eosinophilia or HTLV-I infection. She was treated with corticosteroid for MCNS and died of disseminated strongyloidiasis. The patient developed systemic purpura, ileus, respiratory distress, malabsorption, pancytopenia, pulmonary hemorrhage and sepsis due to Escherichia coli before death. Massive infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis was disclosed by autopsy, and the larvae was considered as a pathomechanism or exacerbating agent of nephrotic syndrome in endemic areas.

Fatal Outcome↗

PubMed2002

[Disseminated strongyloidiasis, a rare cause of multiple organ failure].

INTRODUCTION: Strongyloidiasis is an parasitic intestinal disease, frequent in tropical countries and fairly rare in temperate areas under certain conditions. Disseminated forms can provoke multivisceral damage. CASE REPORT: A 75 year-old woman, hospitalized for occlusion, developed multivisceral (cerebral, renal, cardiac pulmonary and hepatic) damage over 48 hours, attributed to strongyloidiasis. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of larvae in the tracheal and gastric aspiration fluids. Treatment combined ivermectin and albendazole. COMMENTS: Disseminated stronglyloidiasis is essentially observed in immunodepressed patients, under corticosteroids or HTLV1 carriers, although an HIV status does not appear to intervene. Larvae can be found in all the organs. Death occurs by multivisceral failure in 50 to 70% of cases. Broncho-alveolar washing and examination of the gastric fluids is the key to diagnosis. Treatment relies on thiabendazole, ivermectin or albendazole, and the symptomatic management of all the visceral deficiencies.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Autochthonous strongyloidiasis in the north of France].

The authors discuss four cases of indigenous strongyloidiasis, which were detected in northern France during the past twenty years. In our hemisphere, the limits of this helminthiasis range between the 50th and the 53rd parallels of latitude. In two cases, indoor contamination must be suspected; in the third case, transmission has been facilitated by insalubrity and crowding; the fourth case was related to the activities of a dustman in camping sites. Nose bleedings were noticed in two cases and the haemorrhagic manifestations in strongyloidiasis are mentioned.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Strongyloidiasis in Sfax (Tunisia): a survey over 13 years period.

A retrospective study of strongyloidiasis cases was carried out in Sfax University (Tunisia), between 1989 and June 2001. Diagnosis was done by direct stool examination, concentration methods, Baermann larval extraction and fecal culture. Strongyloidiasis was diagnosed in 27 patients of whom 77% were males living in rural areas under low socioeconomic level. Mean age of patients was 47 years (8 to 85 years). Hypereosinophilia was present in 75 % of cases, and 7 patients were treated by systemic corticosteroids. So, it is important to detect this parasite by repeated parasitological stool examinations, particularly before a long corticosteroid treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Strongyloidiasis im Moscow region].

The paper presents two cases of infection with Strongyloides stercoralis (in a 13-year-old boy and in a 93-year-old female), occurred in the Moscow Region, which is indicative of the resurgence of stronglyoidiasis in the Moscow Region. Although the likelihood of this infection in this region is little, nevertheless, strongyloidiasis should be borne in mind in examining patients who are not leaving for well-known endemic areas if they have an allergic reaction of unclear etiology, eosinophilia, and digestive disorders. In these cases, the syndromic-and-empiric approach to justifying and performing chemotherapy is recommended due to the inadequate efficiency of parasitological methods for diagnosing strongyloidiasis at the low rate of invasion. These cases are indicative of the rather low virulence of Moscow strains, but at the same time of their capacity for autoinvasion and accordingly for the long-term infection of patients without recurrent infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay in the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.

BACKGROUND: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were evaluated for serological diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. METHODS: Serum specimens obtained from 46 individuals infected with Strongyloides stercoralis, 37 healthy persons and 381 persons with other parasitic infections were tested using an IgG-ELISA that used crude antigen of S. stercoralis filariform larvae and an IFA. Test sera were pre-incubated with antigens from Ascaris, Toxocara and hydatid protoscolices to remove non-specific antibodies. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for ELISA were 93.5%, 96.1%, 72.9% and 99.2%, respectively, and those for IFA were 87%, 90.1%, 49.4% and 98.4%, respectively. Both assays showed false positivity in hydatidosis, ascariasis and toxocariasis; however, this was less common with ELISA. CONCLUSION: ELISA method using filariform larval antigen may be a sensitive and specific test for human strongyloidiasis, and may be preferable to IFA.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗

PubMed2005

Fatal meningoencephalitis caused by disseminated strongyloidiasis.

A middle-aged aboriginal man with a history of alcoholism and gastrectomy was diagnosed as having bacterial meningoencephalitis based on the typical clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment responses. During the recovery stage, he developed consciousness disturbance, seizures, severe diarrhea, and respiratory failure that led us to search for other possibility of the diagnosis. The eosinophilia and repeated stool examinations helped us to make the diagnosis of disseminated strongyloidiasis. In this patient the initial bacterial meningitis was followed by S. stercoralis hyperinfection. Despite treatment with strong antimicrobial agents, the patient died. This case could serve as a reminder to physicians to be alert for strongyloidiasis superimposed on bacterial meningitis.

Fatal Outcome↗

PubMed2005

Parenteral administration of ivermectin in a patient with disseminated strongyloidiasis.

We report the case of a 23-year-old Caribbean man with disseminated strongyloidiasis (co-infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus I/II)), severe hypoalbuminemia, and a paralytic ileus. Subcutaneous ivermectin (200 microg/kg) was administered daily for 14 days because of the inability to effectively administer oral albendazole and oral ivermectin. Three hours after the third daily dose of oral ivermectin, the serum ivermectin concentration was only 0.8 ng/mL, but it increased several fold to 5.8 ng/mL 16 hours after the first dose of subcutaneous ivermectin. During the course of subcutaneous treatment, ivermectin clearance was higher than expected (46.0 L/hour, normal = 31.8 L/hour). This is likely the result of severe hypoalbuminemia since ivermectin is highly protein bound. The ability to achieve adequate levels of ivermectin after oral administration in patients with disseminated strongyloidiasis may be impaired, highlighting the need for alternative routes of administration of ivermectin in these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Seroepidemiology of strongyloidiasis in the Peruvian Amazon.

A stool and serosurvey for Strongyloides stercoralis was conducted in a community in the Peruvian Amazon region. Strongyloidiasis stercoralis was identified in the stool of 69 (8.7%) of 792 participants. Six hundred nine sera were tested using by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 94%; 442 (72%) were positive. In multivariable logistic regression models, having S. stercoralis in stool was associated with hookworm in the same specimen (odds ratio [OR] = 4.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.02-9.79), occasionally or never wearing shoes (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.10-3.27), and increasing age (OR = 1.012 for each one-year increase, 95% CI = 1.00-1.03). Similarly, occasionally or never wearing shoes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.01-2.37) and increasing age (OR = 1.04 for each one-year increase, 95% CI = 1.02-1.06) were associated with an increased risk of a positive S. stercoralis ELISA result. The ELISA had a negative predictive value of 98% and is an excellent screening test for strongyloidiasis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Systemic strongyloidiasis. Review].

In Venezuela, Strongyloides stercoralis is an endemic parasite, but scarce information exists about systemic strongyloidiasis, an opportunistic infection that generally occurs in immunosuppressed patients, especially in those with a defect in cell-mediated immunity. The symptomatology of systemic strongyloidiasis is variable. The syndrome is characterized mostly by gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms. Paralytic ileus and acute respiratory insufficiency can be prominent. Sepsis and meningitis are frequent. The diagnosis can be made by examination of feces, duodenal or jejunal aspirates and sputum. Larvae can also be identified in peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, lymph nodes, urine specimens and cerebrospinal fluid. Thiabendazole, at standard doses, during at least five to seven days is satisfactory if administered promptly. It is necessary to rule out this parasitoses in patients at risk to avoid fatal outcomes.

Albendazole↗

PubMed1991

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.

Crude antigen (CA) was prepared from Strongyloides stercoralis filariform larvae obtained from in vitro culture of the human feces containing rhabditiform larvae. The lyophilized filariform larvae were ground and ultrasonicated in distilled water then the soluble antigenic preparation was delipidized. The protein content of the crude soluble antigen was 20% of the original dried larvae. The CA was passed through a gel filtration chromatography column and yielded three different protein fractions namely F1, F2 and F3. CA and its fractions were used in the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to S. stercoralis in serum samples of 5 groups of individuals. These were patients with parasitologically confirmed strongyloidiasis (group 1), patients with mixed S. stercoralis and other parasitic infections (group 2), non-strongyloidiasis patients with other worm infestation(s) (group 3), normal parasite-free Thais (group 4) and normal parasite-free Swedes (group 5). It was found that F2 was the best antigen in the ELISA. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the test using F2 as the antigen were 95.0%, 96.4%, 95.0% and 96.4%, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Strongyloidiasis prevalence in the subtropics of the Azerbaijan SSR].

The Berman technique was used in the authors' modification for strongyloidiasis survey of 18212 persons in various areas of Azerbaijan. It was stated that with the height increasing up to 500 m over the sea surface the infestation with strongyloidiasis increased and varied between 5.7 and 9.3 +/- 0.1%. At the height of 500-1500 meters the value decreased up to 3.5 +/- 0.1% and at the height of 2000-2400 meters was the lowest one (2.2 +/- 0.1%). The investigation revealed that the disease foci could appear not only in the plains or foothills but in mountainous and high-mountain areas of the Azerbaijan subtropics.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

[HIV infection and "malignant" strongyloidiasis].

Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis infection occurs in immunocompromised patients. Despite the epidemiological overlap of HIV infection and strongyloidiasis observed in certain parts of the world, only six cases of dissemination have been reported in AIDS patients. The clinical presentation has no special features, except for the frequency of other opportunistic infections. The prognosis is poor. This lack of association between disseminated strongyloidiasis and HIV infection had led to the exclusion of extra-intestinal forms of this paraistosis from the revised classification of AIDS.

HIV Infections↗

PubMed1989

Strongyloidiasis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection in a nonendemic area.

Concomitant strongyloidiasis and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection has been reported from areas in Japan where both organisms are endemic. We present four cases of concomitant infection with these organisms from an area that is not endemic for Strongyloides stercoralis. Three of the four patients had adult T-cell leukemia, an aggressive neoplasm resulting from HTLV-I infection, while the other was an asymptomatic carrier of HTLV-I. Three of the patients had spent their childhoods in an endemic location for both organisms, suggesting an initial infection at that time. Three patients were symptomatic from their parasitism. We conclude that strongyloidiasis may be found in nonendemic locations in patients with either adult T-cell leukemia or an asymptomatic HTLV-I carrier state. Whether infestation with this parasite contributes to the leukemogenesis of HTLV-I, as postulated by others, cannot at this time be determined.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Strongyloidiasis in an institution for mentally retarded adults.

A serologic and epidemiologic survey was undertaken to explain the high incidence of eosinophilia (14.1%) in nine of 64 residents of a facility for mentally retarded adults in Pennsylvania. Seven residents had antibodies to Strongyloides stercoralis as determined by an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system (10.9%) and five (71.4%) of this subset had persistent eosinophilia, suggesting a strong association. Sex, race, age, ward, degree of retardation, and medication were not associated with eosinophilia. Stool examination revealed S stercoralis larvae in two residents with S stercoralis antibodies and eosinophilia. Follow-up studies after thiabendazole treatment of the residents with S stercoralis antibodies showed resolution of eosinophilia and disappearance of S stercoralis antibodies in most. Eosinophilia in an adult institutional setting may be associated with strongyloidiasis, even in a nonendemic area. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to S stercoralis may be useful in diagnosing or monitoring therapy of strongyloidiasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Strongyloidiasis following kidney transplantation].

A 50-year-old Swiss male died from strongyloidiasis 8 weeks after renal allotransplantation. Past history revealed malaria at age 20 years, when the patient had stayed in tropical and subtropical areas, as well as pulmonary tuberculosis. Hypertension, erythrocyturia, proteinuria and unexplained episodes of blood eosinophilia were first noticed age 45, and 4 years later dialysis was started. A mild acute rejection crisis was successfully treated 4 weeks after transplantation. 2 weeks later, however, bilateral pneumonia developed. Despite vigorous antibiotic and tuberculostatic therapy the patient died in septic shock. Autopsy revealed strongyloidiasis with adult females, eggs and rhabditiform larvae of Strongloides stercoralis in the small intestine. Numerous filariform larvae were detected in the lungs, in the walls of bronchi and trachea, in the brain, in the walls of arteries, and in lymphnodes. Massive granulomatous inflammatory reaction and extensive pulmonary hemorrhage were the main pathological findings.

Chronic Disease↗