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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Leptomeningeal spread of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Report of three cases.

Three patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors and secondary leptomeningeal spread of their tumors are presented. Two patients had astrocytomas and one had a ganglioglioma. Two tumors were located in the cervical spinal cord and one within the thoracic spinal cord. Review of the past and recent literature shows leptomeningeal dissemination of spinal cord tumors to be relatively rare, but it should be suspected and investigated in any patient whose condition deteriorates following removal of a spinal cord neoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Role of MR imaging in the management of spinal infections.

Infection of the spine is a major category of spinal disease that is difficult to differentiate clinically from degenerative disease, noninfective inflammatory lesions, and spinal neoplasm. The infection can affect the vertebrae, intervertebral disks, paraspinal soft tissues, the epidural space, the meninges, and/or the spinal cord. Specific causative organisms include bacteria (pyogenic, granulomatous), fungi, parasites (Echinococcus, Schistosoma), and viruses. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent permanent neurologic deficit and/or spinal deformity. Imaging plays an important role in the overall evaluation of these lesions, and the ideal technique is expected to provide information that will help characterize and delineate the disease process, guide biopsy and/or drainage procedures, suggest method of treatment (medical vs surgical), and assess response to therapy. The aim of this article is to review the advantages and limitations of MR imaging in the management of spinal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Circulatory disturbance of the spinal cord with epidural neoplasm in rats.

An experimental model of spinal epidural neoplasm was produced in rats by injecting Walker 256 carcinoma cell suspension anterior to the T12-13 vertebral body. With this model, spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and its response to CO2 inhalation were estimated by the carbon-14-antipyrine autoradiography and the hydrogen clearance methods. In the early stages after tumor implantation, weakness, axonal swelling, and edema of the white matter were observed, while both SCBF and its response to CO2 inhalation remained normal. In the next stage, the tumor invaded the spinal canal and compressed the spinal cord epidurally. The edema of the white matter progressed, while the gray matter was morphologically intact. The SCBF and its response to CO2 inhalation were altered at both the compression area and caudally in the spinal cord. Changes in response to CO2 inhalation appeared earlier than the SCBF decrease. In the last stage, the SCBF decreased rapidly to the critical level, producing irreversible nervous tissue damage. Microangiographic studies revealed extensive obliteration of the spinal epidural venous plexus and patency of the larger nutritional vessels. From the data obtained, the progressive vascular pathophysiology related to spinal epidural neoplasm is as follows: 1) the vertebral venous plexus is compressed and obliterated in the early stages of the disease, and vasogenic edema appears in the spinal cord; 2) as the tumor grows, mechanical compression of the spinal cord is added and the circulatory disturbance increases; and 3) in the last stage, SCBF decreases rapidly to a critical flow level, and the loss of cord function becomes irreversible.

Angiography↗
PubMed1997

Neural arch tuberculosis: radiological features and their correlation with surgical findings.

Radiological features of 17 cases of neural arch tuberculosis (NAT), treated surgically by the authors, are reviewed and correlated with the operative and histopathological findings. The diagnostic accuracy of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of this rare, atypical form of spinal tuberculosis was found to be very low. Thus, the initial diagnosis was in error in 15 out of 17 of our cases. Recognition of the radiological diagnostic features of NAT is important, not only because they may mimic primary or metastatic spinal neoplasms, but also because of the surgical implications. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features correlated most closely with the surgical findings, whereas plain spinal radiographs and myelograms were found to be non-specific and non-diagnostic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Cauda equina syndrome.

Single or double-level compression of the lumbosacral nerve roots located in the dural sac results in a polyradicular symptomatology clinically diagnosed as cauda equina syndrome. The cauda equina nerve roots provide the sensory and motor innervation of most of the lower extremities, the pelvic floor and the sphincters. Therefore, in a fully developed cauda equina syndrome, multiple signs of sensory disorders may appear. These disorders include low-back pain, saddle anesthesia, bilateral sciatica, then motor weakness of the lower extremities or chronic paraplegia and, bladder dysfunction. Multiple etiologies can cause the cauda equina syndrome. Among them, non-neoplastic compressive etiologies such as herniated lumbosacral discs and spinal stenosis and spinal neoplasms play a significant role in the development of the cauda equina syndrome. Non-compressive etiologies of the cauda equina syndrome include ischemic insults, inflammatory conditions, spinal arachnoiditis and other infectious etiologies. The use of canine, porcine and rat models mimicking the cauda equina syndrome enabled discovery of the effects of the compression on nerve root neural and vascular anatomy, the impairment of impulse propagation and the changes of the neurotransmitters in the spinal cord after compression of cauda equina. The involvement of intrinsic spinal cord neurons in the compression-induced cauda equina syndrome includes anterograde, retrograde and transneuronal degeneration in the lumbosacral segments. Prominent changes of NADPH diaphorase exhibiting, Fos-like immunoreactive and heat shock protein HSP72 were detected in the lumbosacral segments in a short-and long-lasting compression of the cauda equina in the dog. Developments in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with back pain, sciatica and with a herniated lumbar disc are mentioned, including many treatment options available.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging offers the advantages of multiplanar capabilities, physiologic as well as anatomic imaging, and some tissue specificity. Since mid-1985, we have performed more than 2,800 MR examinations of the spine, and gadolinium has been used as a contrast agent in many MR studies since its release by the Food and Drug Administration last year. Although MR imaging has been promoted as the procedure of choice for all clinical indications, on the basis of our experience myelography still plays an important role in the imaging of many spinal disorders, including disk disease. Some pathologic conditions such as intraspinal vascular malformations and leptomeningeal metastatic lesions are best imaged by myelography. MR studies have been most useful in evaluating intraspinal neoplasms, spinal cord parenchymal lesions, infections, congenital abnormalities, and "postoperative failed back syndromes."

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Echinococcal infestation of the spine in North America.

Taenia echinococcal infestation, a parasitic disease rarely seen in the United States, occurred in a 62-year-old man. Bone is involved in about 1% of all cases, and of these cases, the spine is involved in about 50%. Preoperative identification is difficult because of lack of characteristic radiographic features. Successful management is also problematic because of the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis, the invasive nature of the bony involvement, and the variable anaphylactic reaction to the cyst fluid antigen. The diagnosis must be entertained in the differential diagnosis of benign spinal neoplasms especially when dealing with patients from endemic areas.

Echinococcosis↗